Internet的主要应用Major applications of the Internet.docx
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Internet的主要应用MajorapplicationsoftheInternet
Internet的主要应用(MajorapplicationsoftheInternet)
Theworldwideweb(WorldWideWeb,WWW,or73)isalsoknownasWton,whichisoneofthemajorapplicationsoftheInternet.ThroughHyperText(HyperText),WWWprovidesuserswithall-roundmultimediainformation,thusprovidingInternetuserswithanewwayofobtaininginformationandsharinginformation.
TheInternetprofessionalmanagementorganizationistheInerNIC,whichistheadministrativecenteroftheinternationalInternet.ItsmainjobistoallocateIPaddress,managedomainnameresourcesandunifyresourcelocator.
1.Theworldwideweb
Theworldwideweb(WWW)isaglobalinformationresourcenetworkthatintegratesmultimediainformationsuchastext,sound,imageandvideoontheInternet.ItisanimportantpartoftheInternet.Browser(Browser)isthebridgetotheWWWandWWWinformationwindow,throughtheBrowser,userscanroamintheoceansoftheInternet,alloftheinformationsearchandbrowsetheirinterestedin.
WWW'swebpageiswritteninhyperfilemarkuplanguageHTMLandrunsunderhyperfiletransferprotocolHTTPsupport.Hypertextnotonlycontainsthetextinformation,includinggraphics,sound,image,videoandothermultimediainformation(thehypertextandhypermedia)said,moreimportantisimplicitinthehypertextlinkstotheotherhypertext,thislinkiscalledHyperLinks(HyperLinks)useofhypertext,userscaneasilyfromoneweblinkstootherrelevantcontentonawebpage,withouthavingtocareaboutthesescatteredwebpageswherethehost.
TheWWWbrowserisaclientprogramwhoseprimaryfunctionistoenableuserstoaccessvariousresourcesontheInternet.CommonlyusedbrowserisMicrosoft'sInternetExplorer(IE)andtheNavigator/COIIIII111dayiCator.SUNalsodevelopedabrowserIfotJavawritteninJava.Javaisanew,independentofthevariousoperatingsystemsandplatformsofthedynamicinterpretedlanguage,Javawebbrowsershaveadynamiceffect,providesreal-timeinteractivefunctionforthemachineusers.Javaiscurrentlysupportedbycommonlyusedbrowsers.
E-mailE-mail
E-mailisthemostwidelyusedserviceontheInternet.UserscanconnecttoInterIIet,withprogramstosendandreceiveE-mail,youcanwithallE-mailusersontheInternetisconvenient,fastexchangeE-mail,alsocansendmultipleuserswithanemail,orwillreceivethemailforwardedtootherusers.Inadditiontotext,youcanalsoincludeaudio,image,applicationandotherdocuments.Inaddition,userscansubscribetoe-magazinesonline,getrequireddocuments,andparticipateinrelevantdiscussiongroups.
Emailmusthavecorrespondingsoftwaresupport.ThecommonlyusedemailprogramsincludeExchangeand011tholt-express,whichprovidemailreceiving,editing,sendingandmanagingfunctions.Mailserverusingtheprotocolhasasimplemailtransferprotocol(SMTP(SimpleMailTrmsferProtocol),E-mail,expandedagreementMIME(MultipurposeInternetMailExtensions)andpostofficePOP(PostOfficeProtocol).
ThePOPserviceisprovidedbythemailserverandtheusermustobtainanaccountonthemailservertousetheservice.ThepopularPOPprotocol,whichiscurrentlyusedinthethirdedition,isalsoknownasthePOP3protocol.
3.TheUsenet
Usenetreferstoavarietyofthematicdiscussiongroups.Usendisusedtopublishannouncements,news,reviews,andvariousarticlesforonlineuserstouseanddiscuss.Thecontentofthediscussionisorganizedbydifferentthematicclassifications,eachofwhichisataskgroup,knownasanewsgroup,andtherearemoresub-topicswithinit.
EverynewsUsendguidedbyadistinctionbetweentypesoftags,eachnewsgroupsaroundatheme,suchascomp.(computerscience),MWS.Newsandinformation(Usermtitself),therec(sports,artsandentertainment),sci.(scienceandtechnology),SOCJ(social),talke(thediscussion),misc.(other),biz.{businessissues)interestedinadditiontothetwouserscanchoosetoparticipateintheprojectteam,alsocanopenanewtaskonyourown.Aslongassomeoneisinvolved,thetaskgroupcanremain;Ifnooneparticipatesforawhile,thetaskgroupisautomaticallydeleted.
4.FTPfiletransfer
UserswillbeontheFTPfiletransferserviceallowsIrlternetonacomputer'sfiletransfertoanotherstage,almostalltypesoffiles,includingthetextfile,binaryexecutablefilesoundfiles,imagefiles,datacompression,etc.,canuseFTPFTPfiletransferserviceisasetofsoftware,beforeitforfiletransferinterface,usingasimplegetorputcommandtodownloadoruploadfileslikeonIIItemetexecutablecopycommand.MostFTPserverhostsusetheUnixoperatingsystem,butordinaryuserscaneasilyuseFTPviaWindows.
ThebiggestfeatureofFTPisthatuserscanusenumerousanonymousFTPserversontheInternet.Anonymousserversrefertosystemsthatdonotrequirespecialusernamesandpasswords.WhenauserconnectstoananonymousFTPserver,youcanuse"anonymous"asausernameandloginasapasswordwithyourE-mailaddress.Whentheloginissuccessful,theusercandownloadthefilefromthedoctor'sserver.Thestandarddirectoryforanonymousserversispubanduserscanusuallyaccessfilesinallsubdirectoriesinthatdirectory.MostanonymousFTPserversdonotallowuserstouploadfilesbasedonsecurityconcerns.
Makearemotelandingonhind
TelnetistheprotocolfortheInternetremoteloginservice,whichdefineshowremoteloginusersinteractwiththeserver.
Telnetallowsuserstologontoaremotetime-sharingsystemonanetworkedcomputer,andthenusetheremotesystemasiftheywereusingtheirowncomputers.
Tousetheremoteloginservice,youmuststarttheclientapplicationonthelocalcomputer,specifythenameoftheremotecomputer,andestablishaconnectionthroughtheInternet.Oncetheconnectionissuccessful,thelocalcomputercandirectlyaccesstheresourcesoftheremotecomputersystem.Remoteloginsoftwareallowsuserstointeractdirectlywithremotecomputers,
Withakeyboardormouseoperation,theclientapplicationsendstherelevantinformationtotheremotecomputer,andthentheserverreturnstheoutputtotheuser.Aftertheuserexitstheremotelogin,theuser'skeyboardanddisplaycontrolarereturnedtothelocalcomputer.TheusercanloginremotelythroughtheTelnetclientofWindow.
e-commerce
E-commercereferstotheuseofcomputernetworksforbusinessactivities,whichconnectscustomers,vendors,suppliersandemployees.Itreferstotheelectronic,networkingandautomationofbusinessactivities.
7.TheInternettelecommunication
UsuallyreferstotheInternettocompletethevoice,fax,videotransmissionandothertelecommunicationservices.IPtelephonyisthemostcommonlyusedInternet
Telecommunications'business,alsoknownasInternetphoneorInternetphone.
VoiceofIPphoneistouseIP(Internet/Intranet)datanetworkfortransmission.Voice(analogsignal)firstbythedigitalsignalprocessor(DSP)convertsittodigitalsignal,thenthedigitalsignaliscompressedintoamoreconvenientfornetworktransmissionofdatapackets,andafterthat,throughtheInterlettotransmitthepackettothedestination,thereverseprocessatthedestinationtounzip,unpacking,conversion,/deliveredtotheotherreceiver.Duetoadoptthewayof"storingaforwarding"intheInternettransferpackets,isnotanexclusivecircuit,andalargeproportionofcompressionofspeechsignalprocessing,therefore,IPphonebandwidthisonly8~lOkb/s,lessthan1/8oftheanalogphonethebandwidthrequired,plustheInternetbillingdatatransmissionwayhasnothingtodowithdistance,naturalgreatlysavethelongdistancecommunicationcosts.
8.Ip-basedvideobusiness
SuchapplicationsmainlyincludelPTVandInternetvideomeetings.
Basedonthedigitalvideocommunicationconference,TVhasbeendevelopingformorethan20years,andithasenteredanimportantstageoftransformationwiththeintegrationofthreenetworks(computernetwork,telecommunicationnetworkandcableTVnetwork).Oneofthetransformationsisthetransmissionnetworkfoundation,thetransitionfromthededicatednetworktotheIPnetwork;Thesecondisthatthetargetedserviceswillbeextendedtosmallworkinggroupmeetings,personalworkingdesksandfamilyextensions.
ThecharacteristicsoftheInternet
FlexibleanddiversifiedaccesstotheInternetisanimportantreasonfortherapiddevelopmentofInternet.AnycomputerthatUSEStheTCP/IPprotocolisconnectedtoanyonenodeintheInternetandcanbepartoftheInternet.TheTCP/IPprotocolsuccessfullyaddressesthecompatibilityissuesbetweendifferenthardwareplatforms,differentwebproductsanddifferentoperatingsystems,andhasbecometheDEfactointernationalstandardforcomputercommunication.
TheInternethasadoptedthemostpopularcustomerserviceoperationmodeindistributednetwork,whichgreatlyincreasestheflexibilityofnetworkinformationservice.Theusercanmakerequestsfromtheclientprogramonhiscomputerandcommunicatewiththehostthathasthecorrespondingserverprogramtoobtaintheinformationneeded.
Internethasintegratednetworktechnology,multimediatechnologyandhypertexttechnology,whichembodiesthedevelopmenttrendofvariousinformationtechnologiestointegratewitheachother,andtrulyplaytheirduerole.
Internetprovidesnewmeansforteaching4scientificresearch,commercialadvertisement,telemedicinediagnosisandweatherforecast.
Internetservicechargesarelow.Lowfeestrategycanattractmoreuserstousethenetwork,thusformingavirtuouscircle.TheInternet'schargingstandardshavebeencompletelyacceptedbyusers.
With