考研英语阅读unit5.docx

考研英语阅读unit5.docx

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考研英语阅读unit5

Unit5

Hewhodoesnotadvancelosesground.

学如逆水行舟，不进则退。

学习内容

题材

词数

建议时间

得分统计

做题备忘

PartA

Text1

科普知识

383

/10

Text2

科普知识

391

/10

Text3

文化教育

450

/10

Text4

商业经济

417

/10

PartB

科普知识

622

/10

PartC

文化教育

437

/10

PartA

Directions：

Readthefollowingtexts.Answerthequestionsbloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].

Text1

Oneairlinechiefexecutiveofficer（CEO）wasthemasterofthepersonaltouch.Spendinghourswithhisemployeesandgettingtoknowtheirjobs,hepersuadedthemtoacceptpaycutsinreturnforanownershipstake.TheconcessionputthecompanysosolidlyintheblackthattheCEOwasabletosellitfor$860million.AnotherCEOscoldedmanagersinfrontofothers,cutonethirdoftheworkforceandsoembitteredthesurvivorsthathisairlinebegantolosemoney,andtheboardofdirectorsfiredhim.

InanytestofknowledgeorIQ,thetwoCEOswouldhavedueledtoadraw.Thedifferencewastheirabilitytohandlerelationships,arguesDanielGolemaninhisnewbook,WorkingWithEmotionalIntelligence.Buildingonhis1995best-seller,EmotionalIntelligence,GolemannowprobeshowEIrelatestotheworldofwork.Ashedidinhisearlierbook,GolemanmasterfullyexplainshowalowEIhinderspeople’sfullintellectualpotentialbyfloodingthebrainwithstresshormonesthatimpairmemory,learningandthinking.Theheartofthebook,though,isananalysisofdatacollectedfrommorethan150firmsonwhatdistinguishesso-soperformersfromsuperstars.Goleman’sfindings:

conventionalintelligencetakessecondpositiontoemotionalintelligenceindeterminingjobperformance.

Injobsrangingfromrepairmantoscientist,IQaccountsfornomorethan25percentofthedifferencebetween,say,asuccessfulhigh-techentrepreneurandafailedone.Inanothersurprise,thecontributionofIQshrinksandthecontributionofEIriseswiththedifficultyofajobandhowhighitranksinanorganization.Basedontraitsthatcompaniessaydistinguishwinnersfromlosers,GolemanconcludesthatEIcarriesmuchmoreweightthanIQindeterminingsuccessatthetop.

However,themanyexamplesofCEOsandotherpeopleintoppositionswhohavetheemotionalintelligenceofasnake—butstillwereCEOs—underminethecaseforEI’sindispensabilityinbusiness.ButevenifyouacceptthatEIdetermineswhoexcels,youhavetowonderifitshould.Golemandescribeshow112entry-levelaccountantswerejudgedmoreorlesssuccessfulbytheirbossesaccordingtotheirlevelofEIratherthantheiractualskills.Nowondersomanyauditorsfailtonoticecookedbooks.

1.AccordingtoGoleman,thebiggestdifferencebetweenthetwoCEOsliesin

[A]theirattitudetowardtheiremployees.

[B]theiremotionalintelligence.

[C]theirconventionalintelligence.

[D]theirbusinessstrategy.

2.Goleman’snewbookWorkingWithEmotionalIntelligenceischieflyabout

[A]thedifferencebetweenIQandEI.

[B]therelationshipbetweenEIandjobperformance.

[C]theroleofEIinaperson’ssuccess.

[D]theimportanceofhandlingpersonalrelationship.

3.AccordingtoGoleman,whichofthefollowingpersonsowesthemosttoEIforhisorhersuccess?

[A]Plumber.

[B]Managerofthesalesdepartment.

[C]Presidentofacompany.

[D]Managerofthepersonneldepartment.

4.Thephrase“cookedbooks”inthelastsentencemostprobablymeans

[A]falsifiedaccountbooks.

[B]bookscontaininginformationforfoodpreparation.

[C]damagedbooks.

[D]piratedbooks.

5.TheauthorofthistextregardsGoleman’sfindingsas

[A]important.[B]surprising.[C]doubtful.[D]meaningless.

Text2

Thenoblerandmoreperfectathingis,thelaterandsloweritisinarrivingatmaturity.Amanreachesthematurityofhisreasoningpowersandmentalfacultieshardlybeforetheageoftwenty-eight,awomanateighteen.Andthen,too,inthecaseofwoman,itisonlyreasonofasortveryniggardinitsdimensions.Thatiswhywomenremainchildrentheirwholelifelong,neverseeinganythingbutwhatisquiteclosetothem,cleavingtothepresentmoment,takingappearanceforreality,andpreferringtriflestomattersofthefirstimportance.Foritisbyvirtueofhisreasoningfacultythatmandoesnotliveinthepresentonly,likethebrute,butlooksabouthimandconsidersthepastandthefutureandthisistheoriginofprudence,aswellasofthatcareandanxietywhichsomanypeopleexhibit.

Boththeadvantagesandthedisadvantageswhichthisinvolvesaresharedinbythewomantoasmallerextentbecauseofherweakerpowerofreasoning.Shemay,infact,bedescribedasintellectuallyshort-sighted,because,whileshehasanintuitiveunderstandingofwhatliesquiteclosetoher,herfieldofvisionisnarrowanddoesnotreachtowhatisremote;sothatthingswhichareabsent,orpast,ortocome,havemuchlesseffectuponwomenthanuponmen.Thisisthereasonwhywomenaremoreinclinedtobeextravagant,andsometimescarrytheirinclinationtoalengththatbordersuponmadness.Intheirhearts,womenthinkitismen’sbusinesstoearnmoneyandtheirstospenditifpossibleduringtheirhusband’slife,but,atanyrate,afterhisdeath.Theveryfactthattheirhusbandhandsthemoverhisearningsforpurposesofhousekeeping,strengthenstheminthisbelief.

Howevermanydisadvantagesallthismayinvolve,thereisatleastthistobesaidinitsfavor,thatthewomanlivesmoreinthepresentthantheman,andthat,ifthepresentisatalltolerable,sheenjoysitmoreeagerly.Thisisthesourceofthatcheerfulnesswhichispeculiartowomen,fittinghertoamusemaninhishoursofrecreation,and,incaseofneed,toconsolehimwhenheisbornedownbytheweightofhiscares.

6.Themajordifferencebetweenaman’sandwoman’sintellectisthat

[A]menmaturemuchlaterthanwomen.

[B]womenaremoreintuitivethanmen.

[C]womenaremorecheerfulthanmen.

[D]men’sintellectisnoblerthanthatofwoman.

7.Theword“Niggard”（Line3,Para1）probablymeans

[A]stupid.[B]limited.[C]miserly.[D]mean.

8.Thecauseofwomen’senjoymentandcheerfulnessisthat

[A]mendonotchallengetheirintellect.

[B]theyareirresponsiblebytheirverynature.

[C]theylivemoreinthepresent.

[D]theywanttoconsolemen.

9.Theauthorisprobablya

[A]philosopher.[B]gossipcolumnist.[C]happilymarriedman.[D]biologist.

10.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleofthetext?

[A]TheIntellectofWomenandMen

[B]WomentheShort-sighted

[C]ThinkLessWorryLess

[D]HappyWomenandAnxiousMen

Text3

Islanguage,likefood,abasichumanneedwithoutwhichachildatacriticalperiodoflifecanbestarvedanddamaged?

JudgingfromthedrasticexperimentofFrederickIIinthethirteenthcentury,itmaybe.Hopingtodiscoverwhatlanguageachildwouldspeakifheheardnomothertongue,hetoldthenursestokeepsilent.

Alltheinfantsdiedbeforethefirstyears.Butclearlytherewasmorethanlackoflanguagehere.Whatwasmissingwasgoodmothering.Withoutgoodmothering,inthefirstyearoflifeespecially,thecapacitytosurviveisseriouslyaffected.

TodaynosuchseverelackexistsasthatorderedbyFrederick.Nevertheless,somechildrenarestillbackwardinspeaking.Mostoftenthereasonforthisisthatthemotherisinsensitivetothesignalsoftheinfant,whosebrainisprogrammedtolearnlanguagerapidly.Ifthesesensitiveperiodsareneglected,theidealtimeforacquiringskillspassesandtheymightneverbelearnedsoeasilyagain.Abirdlearnstosingandtoflyrapidlyattherighttime,buttheprocessisslowandhardoncethecriticalstagehaspassed.

Expertssuggestthatspeechstagesarereachedinafixedsequenceandataconstantage,buttherearecaseswherespeechhasstartedlateinachildwhoeventuallyturnsouttobeofhighIQ.Attwelveweeksababysmilesandmakesvowel-likesounds;attwelvemonthshecanspeaksimplewordsandunderstandsimplecommands;ateighteenmonthshehasavocabularyofthreetofiftywords.Atthreeheknowsabout1,000wordswhichhecanputintosentences,andatfourhislanguagediffersfromthatofhisparentsinstyleratherthangrammar.

Recentevidencesuggeststhataninfantisbornwiththecapacitytospeak.Whatisspecialaboutman’sbrain,comparedwiththatofthemonkey,isthecomplexsystemwhichenablesachildtoconnectthesightandfeelof,say,atoy-bearwiththesoundpattern“toy-bear”.Andevenmoreincredibleistheyoungbrain’sabilitytopickoutanorderinlanguagefromthemixtureofsoundaroundhim,toanalyse,tocombineandrecombinethepartsofalanguageinnewways.

Butspeechhastobeinduced,andthisdependsoninteractionbetweenthemotherandthechild,wherethemotherrecognizesthesignalsinthechild’sbabbling,graspingandsmiling,andrespondstothem.Insensitivityofthemothertothesesignalsdullstheinteractionbecausethechildgetsdiscouragedandsendsoutonlytheobvioussignals.Sensitivitytothechild’snon-verbalsignalsisessentialtothegrowthanddevelopmentoflanguage.

11.ThepurposeofFrederickII’sexperimentwas

[A]toprovethatchildrenarebornwiththeabilitytospeak.

[B]todiscoverwhatlanguageachildwouldspeakwithouthearinganyhumanspeech.

[C]tofindoutwhatrolecarefulnursingwouldplayinteachingachildtospeak.

[D]toprovethatachildcouldbedamagedwithoutlearningalanguage.

12.Thereasonsomechildrenarebackwardinspeakingismostprobablythat

[A]theyareincapableoflearninglanguagerapidly.

[B]theyareexposedtotoomuchlanguageatonce.

[C]theirmothersrespondinadequatelytotheirattemp