新风尚大学实用英语第四册课后练习答案forUnit 4.docx
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新风尚大学实用英语第四册课后练习答案forUnit4
Unit4Careers
PassageAMakingYourJobWorkingforYou
BackgroundKnowledge
1.MariaBartiromo
MariaBartiromo（1967－）isanAmericanbusinessnewsanchorandinterviewer.ShehasworkedforCNBCtelevision,reportedregularlylivefromtheflooroftheNewYorkStockExchangeandquicklybecamepopular.Duringtheboomyearsofthestockmarketinthelate1990s,shewasnicknamedthe“MoneyHoney”aswellasthe“EconoBabe”.Bartiromoisalsoacolumnistandwriterforseveralbusinessandgeneralinterestmagazinesandhasreceivedseveralawardsforherwritingpieces.
2.Globalization
Globalizationisahighlycontroversialconcept.Thistermcameintofashioninthe1980sand1990s.Itisaprocessofcontinuingintegrationofthecountriesintheworldwherenationalmarketsarebecomingincreasinglyinterlinkedandproductionislikelytobeoperatedatagloballevel.Duetotheacceleratingpaceoftechnologicalchangeandtradeliberation,globalizationhasexposednationaleconomiestomuchmorefierceandintensecompetitionbetweencountries.Thereisnodenyingthatglobalizationhasbecomeatrendinthefutureandwillhaveagreatimpactoninternationaltraderate,internationalflowofcapital,internationaldataflow,internationalculturalexchange,internationaltravel,etc.
3.Relatedwebsitesorwebpages
http:
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Bartiromo
TeachingDesign
1.Thestructureofthetext
Parts
Paragraphs
MainIdeaofEachPart
PartOne
Para.1
Theauthorstatesherviewpoint:
althoughthepayforroutinemanuallabortendstodecline,thevalueforintellectuallaborkeepsgoingup.
PartTwo
Paras.2-5
Globalizationandtechnologicalchangesrequiremorefromtheemployees:
continuallearningandspecialty.
PartThree
Paras.6-9
Itstatesthesignificanceofspecializedtrainingbothforemployeesandemployers.
PartFour
Paras.10-12
Itstatestheimportanceofpersonalperformanceintheevaluationofone’sworkinthefuture.
PartFive
Paras.13
Theauthorrestatesherviewpoint:
nomatterwhatyourageorbackgroundis,thereisamplescopeforthosecapableandskilledtodisplaytheirabilitiesandtalents.
2.Thewritingstyleofthepassage
Thisisanargumentativepieceofwriting,inwhichthewriterquotesmanywordsfrommanyinfluentialfigurestosupportherviewpoint,suchasThomsonfromCitigroup,TomFriedman（aNewYorkTimescolumnist）,TonyMolla（avicepresidentoftheNationalInstituteforAutomotiveServiceExcellence）,MicheleWinn（themanagerforLinderTechnicalServicesinIndianapolis）,etc.Byputtingallthosequotationsinalogicalorder,theauthortriestoconvincereadersthesoundnessofheropinion:
nomatterhowthefutureworkmarketchanges,thevalueofcapableintellectuallaborisstillgoingupandthereisamplescopeforthosecapableandskilledtodisplaytheirabilitiesandtalents.
Astheauthoradoptsmanyquotationsfromotherstosupportheropinion,thesentencestructureisgenerallynotverycomplicated.Butwhatmayconfusereadersiswhatonearththeauthorwantstodemonstratebyquotingwordsfromdifferentpeopleinvariousfieldsineachparagraph.Onlywhenreadershaveawholepictureaboutthelogicaloutlineofthearticlecantheyachievetheirdeepunderstandingofit.
3.SuggestionstoTeachingActivities
Warming-upactivity:
TogetstudentsfamiliarwiththerelatedtopicsofthetextandhavetheirspokenEnglishpracticed,itishelpfultodesignthefollowingtasksforstudentstocomplete.
Step1:
Studentsarerequiredtoviewthefollowingquestionsquickly.
No.1Whatarethemaincharacteristicsofglobalization?
No.2Whataretheimpactsofglobalization?
No.3Willyouworkinamultinationalcompanyaftergraduation?
Whyandwhynot?
Listyourreasons.
No.4Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofworkinginamultinationalcompany?
Step2:
Studentsaredividedinto8smallgroups,eachconsistingof4to5members,namingGroupA,B,C,D,E,F,G.,H.GroupA/BareresponsibleforquestionNo.1,GroupC/DforquestionNo.2,GroupE/FforNo.3,GroupG/HforNo.4respectively.Eachgroupmemberssharetheanswerstoaspecificquestionlistedabove.
Step3:
Fourgroups（A,C,E,G）aresupposedtoreporttheirsummarizedanswersoropinions,withonestudentfromeachgroupasthereporter.
Step4:
Theother4groups（GroupB,D,F,H）givecommentsontheanswerspresentedbytheirrespectivepartnergroupjustnow（forexample,groupBcommentonGroupA,groupDcommentonGroupC,etc.）,seeiftheyagreeordisagreewiththeirpartnergroup,oriftheyhavesomethingmoretoadd.
DetailedDiscussionoftheText
1.Withasingleglobalworkforce,manyworkersfearthatU.S.companieswillofferjobstocountrieswithcheaperlabor.（Para.1）
fear:
v.tobeuneasyorapprehensiveabout;toconsiderprobable害怕,担心;认为可能,希望
e.g.
Shefearedthetestresults.她为考试结果担心。
IfearIhavebadnewsforyou.恐怕我有个坏消息给你。
2.Whilerealwagescontinuetodropforroutinejobs…keepsgoingup.（Para.1）
while引导的从句，意思主要:
1）表示“当/在……时候”（注意：
引导的句子谓语动词只能是延续性动词）；2）while=although“尽管”、“虽然”，引导让步状语从句；3）“然而；可是”，常用来表达对比关系。
e.g.
Whilehereadthepaper,Icleanedupthekitchen.
他看报纸的时候，我清理厨房。
Whilethegrandparentslovethechildren,theyarestrictwiththem.
虽然祖父母们都爱他们的孩子，但却对他们要求严格。
Somepeoplelikecoffee,whileothersliketea.
一些人喜欢咖啡，而另外的人喜欢茶。
课文中的句子是属于第二种用法，意思是“尽管；虽然”。
3.Onanationalscale…（Para.2）
scale:
n.
1）arelativelevelordegree规模
e.g.
onabig/largescale大规模地/的onasmallscale小规模地/的
2）aproportionusedindeterminingthedimensionalrelationshipofarepresentationtothatwhichitrepresents比例
e.g.
aworldmapwithascaleof1:
4,560,000一幅比例为1:
4,560,000的世界地图
4.Hearguesthattechnologicaladvanceshavecreatedaflatworldinwhicheveryonecompetesforthesamejobs.（Para.3）
1）toargue:
vt.tomaintainorcontend坚持,主张
e.g.
Thespeakerarguedthatmoreimmigrantsshouldbeadmittedtothecountry.
讲演者举出理由证明应该允许更多的移民入境。
2）flat:
a.oforrelatingtoahorizontallinethatdisplaysnoupsordowns平面的。
文章中指的是技术进步造就了一个“平面的世界”,即所有人都可以在同一个层面（或有相同的机会）竞争同一份工作。
5.Todistinguishyourself,saysFriedman,it’scriticaltohaveaspecialtythat…（Para.3）
1）todistinguish:
v.tocause（oneself）tobeeminentorrecognized使出众；使受人青睐
e.g.
Theyhavedistinguishedthemselvesasdedicatedsocialworkers.
他们作为全心全意的社会工作者而出人头地。
Hedistinguishedhimselfmanytimesinbattle.
他屡建战功。
2）specialty:
n.aspecialpursuit,occupation,aptitude,orskill专业;专长
e.g.
Physicsishisspecialty.
物理学是他的专业/专长。
MakeaspecialtyofEnglish.
专门研究英语。
6.Youhavetothinkofyourselfcompetingwithotherindividualsallovertheworld,…（Para.4）
tothinkof:
1）totakeintoaccount;consider考虑到
e.g.
Dobecareful-thinkoftherisksyou’retaking.
务必要小心——要考虑你们所承担的风险。
It’saniceidea,butthinkofthecost.
这是一个好主意，但是要考虑一下费用。
2）tohaveasanopinionabout表示对问题的看法或考虑某件事
e.g.
Whatdoyouthinkof/aboutthegovernment’slatestoffertotheteachers?
你对政府最近提出的教师待遇方案有什么想法？
3）
todreamof想到
e.g.
Ineverthought/dreamedofhappinesslikethis.
我过去做梦也没想到像这样幸福。
Mydaughterneverthought/dreamedofreceivingaletterfromagirlofherownageinHolland.
我的女儿过去做梦也没想到会收到与她年龄的一位荷兰姑娘的来信。
7.Intheknowledge-basedworkplaceFriedmandescribes,winnerswillbepeoplewithagility,skillsandtraining.（Para.5）
1）knowledge-basedworkplace:
workplaceinwhichknowledgeisthecentreandplaysaveryimportantrole
2）base:
v.touseasabasisfor;foundon设立;以…为基地
e.g.
tobasethenewcompanyinPortland在波特兰设立公司
basesth.on/uponsth.else:
tomakesth.byusingsth.elseasthestartingpoint以……为基础/根据
e.g.
tobaseherconclusionsonthereport根据报告得出她的结论
afilmbasedonabest-sellingnovel一部以畅销小说为题材的影片
C.F.base与basis的区别：
base常指有形的基础，侧重指构成或支撑某一具体物体的基础，也可指军事基地或用作比喻意义。
而basis常指无形的基础，主要用作抽象或引申意义；
militarybase是指军事基地;economicbasisandsuperstructure是指经济基础和上层建筑。
8.Butthey’llalsotouchtheskilledtrades…（Para.5）
trade:
1）n.theskilledpracticeofapracticaloccupation职业,行业
e.g.
Thebuildingtradesincludecarpentry,masonry,plumbing,andelectricalinstallation.
建筑行业包括木工、石匠、管道工及电线配线工
2）v.tobuyandsellgoods交易,买卖,经商
e.g.
Shebuiltupherwealthbytradingwithcustomersfromothercountries.
她靠同别国的客户做生意积累了财富。
tradeon:
toputtocalculatedandoftenunscrupulousadvantage;exploit（不公正地）
利用
e.g.
Hetradesonhisfather’sreputation.他用他父亲的名誉牟利。
9.Automotiveserviceshasbecomeaparticularlyhotcareer.（Para.6）
particularly:
ad.toagreatdegree;especially很大程度上地；特别地
e.g.
Hisbehaviorisnotparticularlyadult.
他的举止行为还不太成熟。
Heisn'tparticularlysmart.
他并不特别聪明。
10.Youraverageautotechniciangoesthroughatrainingprocessthatisverymuchlikeanengineeringcourse…（Para.6）
1）average:
a.usualorordinaryinkindorcharacter一般的，通常的，平均的
e.g.
averageeyesight中等视力
Theaverageageoftheboysinthisclassisfifteen.
本班男生的平均年龄是十五岁。
Tom’sworkatschoolisabove/belowtheaverage.
汤姆的功课是中上/下。
2）gothrough:
toexperience经历
Wewentthroughhellwhileworkingonthisproject.
执行这一计划时我们经历了许多困难
11.Atopskilledmechaniccanmakeupto$100,000ayear.（Para.6）
1）top:
a）n.inapositionofpreeminence杰出的;处于极突出位置的
e.g.
thetophistorianinthedepartment部门中最杰出的历史学家topstudent最优秀的学生
b）v.tobeattheheadof处于…的最前头
e.g.
Shetoppedherclass.
她在她们班排名第一
2）upto:
asmany（much/long…）as多至……;长至……
e.g.
Allowthestudentsuptotwohourstofinishthetest.
允许学生有两个小时来完成考试。
Seedyieldsupto300kilogramperacre.
种子每英亩能产300千克。
12.Boredwith
升级会员 