六级写作讲义.docx
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六级写作讲义
六级写作讲义——周湘
verbal:
precise,various
syntactic:
various,written/formal
content:
logicalcoherence
一：
语言提升
A同义替换词
1解决:
Solve,dealwith,copewith,handle,resolve,address,tackle
2损害：
Damage,hurt,injure,harm,impair,undermine,jeopardize
3给与：
Give,offer,render,impart,provide,supply,afford
4培养：
：
Develop,cultivate,foster
5优势：
Advantage,merit,virtue,benefit,upside,strength
6缺陷：
Disadvantage,demerit,drawback,downside,weakness
7使迷惑：
Puzzle,bewilder,perplex,baffle
8重要的：
Key,crucial,critical,important,significant,vital,substantial,indispensable,imperative
9认为：
Think,believe,insist,maintain,assert,conclude,deem,hold,argue,beconvinced,befirmlyconvinced,befullyconvinced
10保护：
Protect,conserve,preserve
11确保：
Assure,ensure,guarantee,pledge
12有害的：
Bad,banefulevil,harmful,detrimental
13要求：
Request,demand,needs,requisition
14消除：
Eliminate,clear,remove,clearup,takeaway,smoothaway
15导致：
Leadto,bringabout,resultin,cause,sparkoff,conduceto,procure,induce,generate
16因此：
So,therefore,thus,hence,consequently,asaconsequence,accordingly,asaresult,becauseofthis,asaresultofthis
17增长至：
Growto，riseto，increaseto，goupto，climbto，ascendto，jumpto，shootto
18降低至：
Dipto，fallto，declineto，decreaseto，dropto，godownto，reduceto，slumpto，descendto，sinkto，slideto
19保持稳定：
Levelout，donotchange，remainstable，remainstill，remainsteady，bestable，maintainthesamelevel，remainunchanged，bestill，remainthesamelevel，stayconstant，keepatthesamelevel，leveloff，stabilize，keepitsstability，evenout
20急剧地：
Dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerably，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，noticeably
21平稳地：
Steadily，smoothly，slightly，slowly，marginally，gradually，moderately，mildly
22宣称：
Allege,assert,declare,claim
23发生：
Happen,occur,takeplace
24原因：
Reason,factor,cause
25发展：
Development,advance,progress
26有益的：
Useful,helpful,beneficial,profitable,rewarding，advantageous
27影响：
Influence,impact,effect
28明显的：
Clear,obvious,evident,self-evident,manifest,apparent,crystal-clear
29占：
Comprise,takeup,accountfor,constitute,consistof,makeup,occupy,hold,compose
30与…相比：
Comparedwith，comparedto，incomparisonwith，incomparisonto，bycomparisonwith，bycomparisonto
31对比而言：
Bycontrast，incontrast，ontheotherhand，onthecontrary=，conversely
32展示：
Show,reveal,illustrate,demonstrate,depict,present,represent,describe
33大约：
Approximately，almost，about，around，nearly，roughly
34波动：
Fluctuate，goupsanddowns，displayafluctuation，demonstrateafluctuation
35事实上：
Practically，inpractice，essentially，inessence，inreality，ineffect，infact，asamatteroffact，itisafactthat
36换言之：
Namely，thatistosay，inotherwords，toputitlikethis，toputitdifferently，toputitfromanotherway，toputitfromanotherangle.
37人：
individuals,characters,folks
38积极的：
positive,favorable,rosy（美好的），promising（有希望的），perfect,pleasurable,excellent,outstanding
39许多anarmyof,anoceanof,aseaof,amultitudeof,ahostof
40一些asliceof,quiteafew,several
41认为harbortheideathat,taketheattitudethat,holdtheviewthat,itiswidelysharedthat,itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat,itiswell-establishedthat
42事情affair,business,matter,stuff
43共同的shared,common。
44收获reaphugefruits/profits
45我认为formypart,frommyperspective
47逐渐，越来越increasing（ly）,growing,gradually,stepbystep
48客人shopper,client,consumer,purchaser,customer。
49非常exceedingly,extremely,intensely,extraordinarily
50吸引注意力captureone'sattention
51角度facet,dimension,sphere,respect,aspect。
52欲望desire,lust,craving,longing,hunger,thirst
53关注pourattentioninto
54铭记bearinmindthat
55互动interaction,communication
56反对beagainst,disapproveof,disagreewith
B黄金句型建议
1插入语
2改变主语类型
3丰富修饰语类型
4倒装句，强调句，名词性从句量力而行
5多写有效的长句，不要为了长而长，少写废话
C六级作文种需要使用的逻辑连接词
首先,其次,然后,最后:
firstly,secondly,thirdly;inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace,inthefinalplace;firstandforemost,moreover,additionally,furthermore,eventually,lastbutbynomeansleast;tostartwith,toendwith,ontopofthat,inadditiontothat,addedtothat,besides,finally,lastly.
Initially,plus/also,ultimately.
转折类
However,otherwise,nevertheless,instead,notwithstanding
Incontrast,bycontrast,onthecontrary,despitethefactthat,inspiteof
But,yet,although,eventhough,though
Admittedly,concededly.
Albeit+形容词／介词词组／分词，常位于句中
Yourcourage,albeitfrailandfaint,canstillpushmeforward,continuously.
强调类
Ofcourse,indeed,mostimportant,certainly,infact,obviously,clearly,surely,inparticular,inthiscase,actually.
对比类
Incomparison,likewise,similarly,equally,inthesameway,identically
递进类
Furthermore,moreover,besides,inaddition,additionally,also.
因果类
原因becauseof,owingto,dueto,thanksto
Becauseofyou,Ifailed.
Becauseofyoulovedme,Iremainsingletilltoday.
Becauseofthefactthatyoulovedme,Iremainsingletilltoday.
Becauseyoulovedme,Iremainsingletilltoday.
because,since,for,as,inthat,simply/merely/mainlybecause
ManyChinesestudentsgotoUSAtofurthertheirstudiesinthattheybelievetheycanhavemoreopportunitiestolivehappilyandfreely.
结果therefore,thus,hence,consequently,accordingly
asaresult,asaconsequence
so
二：
六级考试的题目特点
A话题特点
教育（高校排名，中文学习，艺术班学习，电子图书，阅读经典著作，校园浪费，英语口语考试，上学费用，读书的必要性）
科技（数字化产品，盗版，科学技术发展，博客／微博）
社会问题（西方节目，出境旅游，房产权，伪劣商品，不良商业广告，燃放鞭炮）neighborhood
永恒性话题／精神类／品质类（大学生心理健康，做好事，诚实，关于拒绝，机会，幸福，成功，奉献，勇气）
莫名其妙话题（名字的重要性）
B话题规律
1和学生相关的话题考的频率最高
2社会话题一定避开热点或过于政治性的命题
3永恒性话题需要注意备考
4莫名其妙的话题就听天由命，词汇用好就好
三：
六级考试的得分要点
A看上去像一篇标准的六级写作——－字数满足要求150／180／240，作文有身材，字迹清晰整齐（第一印象不差，不至于跌破底线）
三段式——小大小结构
一段见关键词
二段见逻辑（firstly,secondly…）
三段见语言，点题／呼应
B可以利用模板，但不要照搬模板，因为给分是globalscoring（改卷老师认识什么是模板什么是你自己的语言，用模板不会得0分，不用也不一定会得高分，理性使用模板）
C六级写作和四级写作的区别——语言！
！
！
只有语言！
！
！
还是语言！
！
！
——什么是语言？
用词准确，句式多变，逻辑衔接清晰自然就是好的语言！
！
！
无视内容的高深和观点的犀利，不需要！
！
！
真心不需要，只要合理即可！
！
！
！
四六级写作攻略
1.逻辑衔接用法
2.破题的方法和思路的建立
破题——先破形式，再确定论证的思路——转化思路，避重就轻——避论证和语言难点，讲通识／普适道理
首段：
谈现象（模板，句式的替换，关键词，思路）
中间段落：
析原因／利／弊（万能句式，逻辑，思路和素材，词汇的选择）
结尾段落：
给结果／建议（常用的建议和结果类以及支持反对类的词汇，漂亮的句型，观点／总结）
2开头段的写法
谈现象，不给观点
hook+phenomenon
方法：
a重要性，严重性，普遍性（essential,critical,deeply-rooted,deeply-ingrained,widely-accepted,
严重：
aggravateitsseriousness,…issoseriousthat…hasdrawnmuchattentionandevendisputefrom…）
----教育，精神／品质
“三性模板”----Itisdeeply-ingrainedthat….isexceedinglyessentialin…’slife,especiallyin…’s.
Everyone,meincluded,hasnoway／outlettoavoidorignoreit.Ifrequiredtovoicemyownopiniononthereason/result/suggestion/influence/effectof…,Ifirmly/clearlywillelaborateonmyargumentasfollows.Iwillputforwardmyelaborateargumentasfollows.
写观点的句子：
Toputitmoresimply,Iwouldliketostatemyopinionas…..
Tobespecific,Iwouldratherstatemyviewas…
Demoofissuetopicin2008
Itisdeeplyingrainedthatthementalhealthisexceedinglyessentialinaperson’slife,especiallyinuniversitystudents’.Everyone,meincluded,hasnowaytoavoidorignoreitsimportance/theimportanceofmentalhygiene.Ifaskedtovoicemyownopinion/putforward/setforthonthesuggestionsforuniversitystudentskeepingmentallyhealthy,Iclearlywillelaboratemyargumentasfollows.
词汇补充
重要的：
earthshaking,eventful,momentous,weighty,tectonic,historic,monumental,
不重要的：
insignificant,negligible,trifling,trivial,unimportant;
严重的：
serious,severe,grave,sedate,staid,rock-ribbed；
普遍的：
pervasive,universal,prevailing,prevalent,customary,conventional
b争论性（争论内容，争论态度，争论方法，attitudeandapproach,controversial,divergent,disputable）—社会话题/socialissues,科技话题
Undoubtedly,…hasentered/penetrated/influencedpeople’slives／allwalksoflifeandarousedmuchattentionamongthegeneralpublicaswellasthegovernmentdivisions.Actually/unfortunately,itisdisputabletoreachanagreement/concordontheissueof/whether….,becausethisissueinvolvesmanydifferent/complicatedfactors./becausethisissueisamatterofopinions./becausepeopleatdifferentstandsholddifferently.Asforme,theargumentonthisissuewillbeelaboratedasfollows.
ShouldChinasupportmoreownershipofprivatecars?
Undoubtedly,privatecarshaveenteredcommonpeople’slivesandarousedmuchdiscussionamongthegeneralpublicandgovernmentdivision.Unfortunately,itisfairlydisputabletoreachanagreementonwhetherpeople/consumersshouldbeencouragedorrestrainedtobuyprivatecars,becausethisissueinvolvesmanycomplicatedfactors.
利弊
c衔接第一段和第二段（probeintothereasons/involvingfactors/benefits/drawbacks/effects/consequence）
Whenprobinginto/scrutinizing/analyzingthereasons/result/benefits/drawbacks/merits/demeritsfor/oftheissueof/phenomenonthat….,people,especiallystudents,mayhavetheirown/personalviewpoint,attitude,andwayofbehavior.Formyownpart/Frommypersonalperspective,thisissue,（whichisbeingdiscussed/disputed/argued/debatedinapublicforum/insomepopularpublicmedialikesocialnetworking,）canbeperceivedasfollows/inthefollowingfacets..
Whenprobingintothereasonsforthepopularityofminiblogs,….
Whenprobingintothereasonswhydisposableplasticbagsarelimitedtouse,
Whenprobingintotheresultsofthephenomenonthat
Demo:
Whenprobingintothereasonsforstudents’preferenceofgoingtograduateschoolortoworkdirectly,people,meincluded,willhavetheirownattitude,viewpoint,andwayofbehavior.Formyownpart,thisissueshouldbeperceivedinthefollowingfacets.
d对比法（while,admittedly,concededly,whereas）
Admittedly，itisadeeply-rootedopinio
升级会员 