考研英语真题试题.docx

考研英语真题试题.docx

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考研英语真题试题

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2011年硕士研究生入学考试考研英语真题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions：

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreach

numberedblankandmark[A]，[B]，[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.（10points）AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughterasyexercise“apreciousbodilto

health.”But__1___someclaimstothecontrary，laughingprobablyhaslittle

influenceonphysicalfitnessLaughterdoes__2___short-termchangesinthefunction

oftheheartanditsbloodvessels，___3_heartrateandoxygenconsumptionBut

becausehardlaughterisdifficultto__4__，agoodlaughisunlikelytohave__5___walkingorjoggingdoes.，，saybenefitstheway

laughterasexercisedoes，__6__，insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem，

apparentlyaccomplishesthe__7__，studiesdatingbacktothe1930‘sindicatethat

laughter__8___muscles，decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaugh

diesdown.

Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9__theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.

Anyway，theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof___10___

feedback，thatimproveanindividual‘emotionalsstate.__11____oneclassicaltheoryofemotion，ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted____12___physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry___13___they

aresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow.Althoughsadnessalso____14___tears，evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow__15___muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988，socialpsychologist

FritzStrackoftheUniversityofwrzburginGermanyüaskedvolunteersto__16___a

peneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile–orwiththeirlips，

whichwouldproducea（n）__17___expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheir

enthusiasticallytofunnycatoonsthandidthosewhosemonthswerecontractedina

frown，____19___thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheother

thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.wayaround__20__，1.[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like2.[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce3.[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining4.[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe5.[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable6.[A]Inturn[B]Infact[C]Inaddition[D]Inbrief7.[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected8.[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes9.[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance10.[A]physical[B]mental[C]subconscious[D]internal11.[A]Exceptfor[B]Accordingto[C]Dueto[D]Asfor12.[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at13.[A]unless[B]until[C]if[D]because14.[A]exhausts[B]follows[C]precedes[D]suppresses

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15.[A]into[B]from[C]towards[D]beyond16.[A]fetch[B]bite[C]pick[D]hold

17.[A]disappointed[B]excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent18.[A]adapted[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted19.[A]suggesting[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing20.[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[C]Similarly

[D]ConverselySectionIIReadingComprehensionPartA

Directions：

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtext

bychoosing[A]，[B]，[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40points）（Text1

ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirector

hasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementof

theresponsehasbeenhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostpart，tosaytheleast.favorable，a”HoorayAtlast！

wroteAnthonyTommasini，“！

sober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.

isthathowever，Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise，

whohadadvocated，Gilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini

Gilbert‘sappointmentintheTimes，callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoair

oftheformidableconductorabouthim.”Asadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorof

anorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierre

Boulez，thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.

Formypart，IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.To

besure，heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions，butitis

metovisitAveryFisherHall，oranywhereelse，tohearnotnecessaryfor

interestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf，orbootupmy

computeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.

Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforlive

performancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime，attention，andmoneyofthe

public，classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperaart-loving

houses，dancetroupes，theatercompanies，andmuseums，butalsowiththe

recordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.There

recordingsarecheap，availableeverywhere，andveryoftenmuchhigherinartistic

‘sliveperformances；moreover，theycanbe“consumed”ataqualitythantoday

choosing'.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchthelistenertimeandplaceof

recordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassical

concert.

Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenew

‘sowninterestinnewmusichasbemusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert

widelynoted：

AlexRoss，aclassical-musiccritic，hasdescribedhimasamanwho

“amarkedlydifferent，morevibrantturningthePhilharmonicintoiscapableof

”Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference？

Merelyexpandingtheorganization.

'repertoireswillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretoorchestra

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succeed，theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica‘soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.

sappointmenthas‘21.WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert[A]incurredcriticism.[B]raisedsuspicion.[C]receivedacclaim.[D]arousedcuriosity.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwho22.is[A]influential.[B]modest.[C]respectable.[D]talented.

Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers23.

[A]ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances.[B]reject

mostkindsofrecordedperformances.[C]exaggerate

thevarietyofliveperformances.

[D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances.

24.Accordingtothetext，whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings？

[A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.

[C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.[D]They

haveonlycoveredmasterpieces.25.RegardingGilbert‘sinrolerevitalizingthePhilharmonic，theauthorfeels[A]doubtful.[B]enthusiastic.[C]confident.

[D]puzzled.

Text2

WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust，his

explanationwassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusual

vagueexcuses，hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemygoalof

runningacompany.”Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchmydecision，”

McGeesays.Withintwoweeks，hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardof

HartfordFinancialServicesGroup，whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanon

September29.McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhat

kindofcompanyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisntalone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesat‘

AvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingfora

shareholdertoinresponsesuccessionpost.CEOAsboardsscrutinizeplans

getthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulent'executiveswhodonpressure，vagueofcautiouslettingmanagershasenvironmentbusinessalsosenior

pronouncementscloudtheirreputations.

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Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold，deputychiefsmaybemore

willingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter，CEOturnoverwas

down23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad，accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup，opportunitieswill

aboundforaspiringleaders.Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/Ferryseniorpartner

DennisCarey：

“Ican‘thinkofasinglesearchI'vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.”

Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven‘talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.

EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeage，sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommodities

exchange.RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.He

finallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthreeyearslater.

Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancial

The“crisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.youbtarethat‘ssafertostaywhere，traditionalrulewasitsnbeefundamentally'

Thepeoplewhosaysoneheadhunter.“，”invertedvebeenhurttheworstarethose‘”vestayedtoolong.who'

hismannercanbestbedescribed26.WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture，asbeing[A]arrogant.[B]frank.[C]self-centered.[D]impulsive.

quittingmaybespurredby‘27.AccordingtoParagraph2，seniorexecutives

[A]theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus.

[B]theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife.[C]theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards.[D]theirpursuitofnewcareergoals.

mostprobably），“28.