高中英语Unit5EnjoyingnovelsPart1Period2LearningaboutLanguage.docx
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高中英语Unit5EnjoyingnovelsPart1Period2LearningaboutLanguage
2019-2020年高中英语Unit5Enjoyingnovels(Part1)--Period2LearningaboutLanguage
Aims
TohelpstudentslearnaboutTheNominativeAbsoluteConstruction
Tohelpstudentsdiscoverandlearntousesomeusefulwordsandexpressions
Tohelpstudentsdiscoverandlearntousesomeusefulstructures
Procedures
I.WarmingupbylearningaboutCharlotteBronte
EnglishwriternotedforhernovelJaneEyre(1847),sisterofAnneBrontëandEmilyBrontë.Thethreesistersarealmostasfamousfortheirshort,tragiclivesasfortheirnovels.IntheirworkstheydescribedlovemoretruthfullythatwasmoninVictorianageEngland.Inthepast40yearsCharlotteBrontë'sreputationhasrisenrapidly,andfeministcriticismhasdonemuchtoshowthatshewasspeakingupforoppressedwomenofeveryage.
II.Discoveringusefulwordsandexpressions
Nowturntopage43anddothewordsandexpressionsexercises1and2.
III.TheNominativeAbsoluteConstruction独立主格
独立主格结构的概念及基本构成形式
独立主格结构(theabsolutestructure)是由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语构成的一种独立结构,用于修饰整个句子,而不是一个词或词组。
独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词或分词短语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系,独立主格结构的位置相当灵活,可置于主句前、主句末或主句中,常由逗号将其与主句分开。
需特别注意的是,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
例如
1)Nightenshroudingtheearth,nobodycouldmakeoutwhatthedarkmasswasfromadistance.(黑夜笼罩大地,谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。
)
2)Helayatfulllengthuponhisstomach,hisheadrestinguponhisleftforearm.(他的脊背朝天,四肢伸展,头枕着左臂,直挺挺地趴伏着。
)
3)Thecowardwasbacking,hisfacebeingdeathlypale,towardanotherroom.(那个胆小鬼向另一个房间退去,脸色煞白。
)
独立主格结构多用于书面语,尤其是描述性语言中,在口语和非正式文体中,一般用从句或两个句子来代替。
例如,上述例句可变为:
1)Becausenightenshroudedtheearth,nobodycouldmakeoutwhatthedarkmasswasfromadistance.
2)Helayatfulllengthuponhisstomach.Hisheadresteduponhisleftforearm.
3)Thecowardwasbackingtowardanotherroom.Hisfacewasdeathlypale.
独立主格结构的特殊构成形式
独立主格结构除上述基本构成形式,即名词/代词+分词(短语)外,还有如下特殊构成形式。
1.名词+介词短语
1)ThemayorofHiroshimastrodeataleisurepacetowardthepuzzledjournalist,abunchofflowersinhishands.(广岛市市长双手捧着一束鲜花,迈着方步走向那个迷惑不解的记者。
)
2)Everyafternoonaveryoldwomanhobbledpasttheramshacklehouse,avastloadoffirewoodonherback.(每天下午,一个背着一大背柴禾的老妇人都会从那间东倒西歪的房屋前蹒跚着走过。
)
2.名词+形容词(短语)
1)TheTrojansasleep,theGreeksoldierscreptoutofthehollowwoodenhorse.(特洛伊人睡着了,于是希腊士兵从中空的木马里悄悄爬了出来。
)
2)Thewretchedboy,whohasrecentlybeendraggedfromtheforesttoscrubfloorsinthebarracks,isnowsweepingawaythesnow,hishandsnumbwithcold.(那个可怜的小男孩最近刚刚从森林中被抓进兵营里打扫地板,现在他正在扫雪,手都冻麻了。
)
3.名词+副词
1)Thislittleexcitementover,nothingwastobedonebuttoreturntoasteadfastgazeatmymutepanion.(一阵小小的兴奋过后,除了再去死死地盯着我的哑伴外,别无它事可干了。
)
2)Thisintermezzoover,hefoundhimselfsurroundedbyseveralstunning,
porcelain-facedJapanesewomeninkimonos.(这曲子过后,他发现自己身处几位穿着和服并且有着娇好面容的日本女人的包围之中。
)
此外,with常常用在独立主格结构前,构成介词短语作状语。
这种用法中的with不表达什么意义,因而常可省略。
请看例句:
1)Witharevolverinhisrighthand,Johnnyhurledhismuscularbodyagainstthedoorandsmasheditdownwithacrash.(约翰尼右手拿着左轮手枪,健壮的身体猛扑在门上,轰隆一声把门撞开了。
)
2)Thetrafficinchedalong,withhornshonking.(汽车缓慢地向前挪着,喇叭声不断响着。
)
独立主格结构的用法
独立主格结构在句中一般作状语,表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。
1.作时间状语
1)Myshoesremoved,Ienteredalow-ceilingedroom,treadingcautiouslyonthesofttatamimatting.=Aftermyshoeswereremoved,Ienteredalow-ceilingedroom,treadingcautiouslyonthesofttatamimatting.(我脱掉鞋子后,走进一间屋顶很低的房间,小心翼翼地踩在柔软的塌塌米垫子上。
)
2)Thegovernorponderingthematter,morestrikersgatheredacrosshispath.=Whilethegovernorwasponderingthematter,morestrikersgatheredacrosshispath.(总督思考这个问题时,更多的罢工工人聚集在他要通过的路上。
)
2.作条件状语
1)Weatherpermitting,theywillgoonanoutingtothebeachtomorrow.=Ifweatherpermits,theywillgoonanoutingtothebeachtomorrow.(如果天气允许的话,他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
)
2)Suchbeingthecase,youhavenogroundsfordismissinghim.=Ifsuchisthecase,youhavenogroundsfordismissinghim.(如果情况如此的话,你没有理由解聘他。
)
3.作原因状语
1)Thestormdrawingnear,thenavvydecidedtocallitaday.=Sincethestormwasdrawingnear,thenavvydecidedtocallitaday.(由于暴风雨即将来临,那个挖土小工决定收工。
)
2)TheCossackbeingintentonhisstalking,hisfoottouchedtheprotrudingboughthatwasthetrigger.=BecausetheCossackwasintentonhisstalking,hisfoottouchedtheprotrudingboughthatwasthetrigger.(这位哥萨克人只顾专心致志地朝前大步走着,所以一只脚踩上了伸出地面的树枝,那是一个机关的起动装置。
)
4.作伴随状语
1)Itookmyticket,andmarchedproudlyuptheplatform,withmycheeses,thepeoplefallingbackrespectfullyoneitherside.=Itookmyticket,andmarchedproudlyuptheplatform,withmycheeses,andthepeoplefellbackrespectfullyoneitherside.(我拿着车票还有我的奶酪,雄赳赳气昂昂地跨步走向月台。
人们似乎很尊敬我,纷纷向两边退去。
)
2)Hewouldappearinthedoorway,grayfedorapulledlowoverhisface,hiseyessweepingtheroomforanysignoftrouble.=Hewouldappearinthedoorway.Agrayfedorawaspulledlowoverhisface,andhiseyesswepttheroomforanysignoftrouble.(他常常出现在门廊里,一顶灰色浅顶软呢帽遮住大半个脸,眼睛扫过整个房屋,寻找滋事的迹象。
)
高考专题
逻辑主语+V-ing
这种构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作执行者,分词表示的动作不是整句主语发出的动作,而是其逻辑主语发出的动作。
如:
1.__________nobus,wehadtowalkhome.
A.TherebeingB.BeingC.HavingbeenD.Therewas
2._______nobus,wehadtowalkhome.
A.AstherebeingB.AstherewasC.BeingD.Therewas
3._______Sunday,thelibrarydoesn'topen.
A.BeingB.TherebeingC.ItbeingD.Havingbeen
4.______Sunday,thelibrarydoesn'topen.
A.AsitbeingB.BeingC.ItisD.Asitis
逻辑主语+V-ed
该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。
如:
1._________,thetrainstarted.
A.ThesignalgivenB.GivingthesignalB.ThesignalbeinggivenD.Thesignalgiving
2.__________,thetrainstarted.
A.AfterhavinggiventhesignalB.Afterthesignalgiven
C.GivingthesignalD.Afterthesignalwasgiven
3._________,thetextbecameeasierforustolearn.
A.ExplainingnewwordsB.NewwordsexplainedC.BeingexplainednewwordsD.Havingexplainednewwords
4.______________,thetextbecameeasierforustolearn.
A.WhennewwordswereexplainedB.ExplainingnewwordsC.NewwordsexplainingD.Beingexplainednewwords
逻辑主语+形容词(副词)
该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主—系—表”结构。
如:
1.___________,thepatientcanleavethehospital.
A.BetterconditionsB.ConditionsbetterC.ConditionsarebetterD.Beingbetterconditions
2._________,thepatientcanleavethehospital.
A.IfbetterconditionsB.IfconditionsbetterC.IfconditionsarebetterD.Beingbetterconditions
3.________,we’dliketogoouting.
A.BeingSundayB.SundayOKC.SundayisOKD.IfSundayOK
4.___________,we’dliketogoouting.
A.IfSundayisOKB.SundaybeingOKC.SundayOKD.A,BandC
5._________,youcanwaitawhile.
A.TheplaybeingstillonB.TheplaystillonCBeingstillontheplayD.AandB
6._________,soyoucanwaitawhile
A.TheplayisstillonB.TheplaybeingstillonC.AstheplayisstillonD.Theplaystillon
逻辑主语+介词短语
该结构相当于不带动词的“主—系—介词短语”结构。
如:
1.Theboyfollowedthenoblemanhere,___________.
A.aswordinhandB.aswordinhishandB.BeingaswordinhandD.swordinhand
2.Theboyfollowedthenoblemanhere___________.
A.withaswordinhishandB.withaswordinhandC.withaswordbeinginhandD.aswordbeinginhand
3.Helefttheoffice,__________.
A.tearsbeingineyesB.tearsineyesC.beingtearsineyesD.withtearsbeingineyes
4.Helefttheoffice__________.
A.withtearsbeingineyesB.withtearsinhereyesC.beingtearsineyesD.tearsbeingineyes
独立主格结构在整句中可作以下成分
原因状语
该结构在句中作原因状语时相当于一个原因状语从句。
如:
1.________nobus,wehadtowalkhome.
A.TherebeingB.AstherewasC.TherewasD.AandB
2._________Sunday,thelibrarydoesn'topen.
A.ItbeingB.AsitisC.BeingD.AandB
3.____________,Ihadtoaskfortwodays’leave.
A.MotherbeingillB.MotherillC.AsmotherwasillD.A,BandC
4.____________,wehavetoworklateintothenight.
A.TheexamnearB.TheexambeingnearC.AstheexamisnearD.A,BandC
时间状语
独立主格结构作时间状语时相当于一个由when,assoonas,after等引导的时间状语从句。
如:
1.__________,thetrainstarted.
A.ThesignalgivenB.AfterthesignalwasgivenC.GiventhesignalD.AandB
2.__________,thetextbecameeasierforustolearn.
A.NewwordsexplainedB.WhennewwordswereexplainedC.WhenteacherexplainednewwordsD.allabove
条件状语
独立主格结构作条件状语时可以改为由if引导的条件状语从句。
如:
1.___________,we'llgotovisittheGreatWall.
A.WeatherpermittingB.IfweatherpermitsC.IfpermittingD.AandB
2._________,thepatientwillrecoverhimselfsoon.
A.IfthetreatmentisintimeB.ThetreatmentintimeC.ThetreatmentbeingintimeD.A,BandC
伴随状语
独立主格结构作伴随状语时相当于一个介词短语或并列谓语。
如:
1.Wehavelessonseveryday,___________.
A.SundayincludedB.SundayincludingC.SundayisincludingD.alltheabove
2.Theboyfellasleep,___________.
A.caponheadB.withacaponheadC.acaponwasonheadD.alltheabove
3.Fathercamehome,_________
A.adogfollowinghimB.adogfollowedhimC.beingfollowedbyadogD.alltheabove
with+复合宾语结构常见类型及其用法
“with+复合宾语”结构是指“with+宾语(名词或代词)+非谓语动词(分词、不定式)、介词短语、形容词或副词等”所构成的一种介词短语。
该结构内部若是动词,则其非谓语形式的选用要注意三点:
若内部动词表示将来(无论主动还是被动),则用不定式;若内部动词表示被动且属过去,则用过去分词;若内部动词表示持续主动动作,则用现在分词。
该结构在句子中可以作以下几种成分:
原因状语
1.Withtheman______usahead,wehadnotroublefindingthevillage.
A.ToguideB.GuidingC.GuidedD.Tohaveguide
2.Withalotofwork_____,shedoesn’thavetimetorest.A.todoB.tobedoneC.doingD.done
3.Withthemachine_____allthetime,wefinishedharvestingcropsintime.
A.toworkB.workedC.workingD.Beingworking
时间状语
1.Thestreetlooksmorebeautifulwithallthelights_____.A.areonB.onC.tobeonD.beenon
2.Withourproblem________,weallfelthappy.
A.tosettleB.tobesettledC.settledD.beingsettled
3.Withhiswork______,thesecretarybegantowalkhome.A.todoB.doingC.doneD.tobedone
伴随状语
1.Shelefttheofficeswithtears________.
A.inhereyesB.ineyesB.beingineyesD.tobeineyes
2.Themanfoundthedoorwithbothhiseyes______.
A.tobeclosedB.beingclosedC.