英语阅读细节理解.docx

英语阅读细节理解.docx

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英语阅读细节理解

阅读理解——细节理解

第一课

一、试卷分析

　　准确地抓住并理解文章或段落的主题思想是十分重要的。

但是仅仅粗略地看懂大意，　　　　　不可能真正理解所有细节。

只有准确理解全部细节，才能深刻而又全面地领悟主题思想。

　　　　　因为段落中的细节都是用来阐明主旨大意的，辅助论据支撑或阐述主题思想。

因此，属于细节类的理解题既可检测阅读者对主旨大意理解的深度，又可测定他们对每个细节准确领会的广度。

　　从NMET开始以来，细节理解题占阅读理解题总量的百分之五十以上。

例如1990年试　　　　　题中20道阅读理解题，细节题就占了10题：

　　1．Annealingcanmakemetal______.（70）

　　2.Whydopeopleputhotmetalinwater?

（71）

　　3.Inannealing,therequiredhardnessofametaldependson____.（72）

　　4.HowdidMr.Cassattreact（反应）whenhisdaughtermadeherannouncement?

（74）

　　5.WhatinfactwasMr.Cassatt'smainreasoninopposinghisdaughter'swish?

（75）　　　

6.WhichofthefollowingmapsshowsrightlythepositionsofBeninanditsneighbouringcountries?

7.ForhowlongwasBeninunderFrance?

（82）

　　8.ForhowlongwasBeninanindependentstatebeforeitbecameaPeople'sRepublic?

（83）

　　9.ChoosetherightorderinwhichthefollowingpeopleruledinBenin.（84）

　　10.WhenandhowdidBeningetitstwonames—BeninandDahomey?

（85）

　　我们再来看看1999年的试题中细节题占了多少？

　　1.Philadelphiaisthoughttobethebesthomeforthediarybecause____.（53）　　　　　　

　　2.Whichofthefollowingshowstherightorderofwhathappenedtothediary?

（54）

　　3.Fromthetext,welearnthatthediaryisnowownedby_____.（52）

　　4.DavidTebbuttstartedComputertownUKwiththepurposeof____.（59）

5.WhichisthebesttickettobuyifyouliveinLondonandwanttogotoasmalltown80milesawayforfourdays?

（60）

6.Amanboughthimselfaticketof￡15andthreeticketsforhisfamilywithafamilyrailcard.Howmuchdidhepay?

（61）

　　7.ThereasonFatherwasinahurrytogethomewasthathe______.（63）

　　8.Peoplewouldstopfeelinguneasywhenrealisingthatthechildrenthey'retalkingto_____.（67）

　　通过对1990年和1999年试卷的对比分析，可以看出越来越重视对考生综合理解能力的考　　　　　查。

卷面已逐渐增加了对主旨大意，作者的意图，观点，心理等深层次理解题的分量。

　　即使是细节题，也不象90年试题那样容易从原文中找到根据，而是需要考生根据文中的　　　　　信息，通过自己的归纳总结，能对图表进行辨别，能对发展顺序进行判断，以及能对具体情况进行计算。

这就需要考生能真正理解文章内容及主题思想，抱有碰运气或者猜的思想是行不通的。

　　在阅读考核中，查找主要事实或特定细节常见的题型是：

　　1．Whichofthefollowingstatementsis（not）true（orcorrect）?

　　2．Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?

　　3．Allofthefollowingaretrueexcept...

　　4．Theauthor（orthepassage）statesthat...

　　5．Accordingtothepassage,when（where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.）...?

　　当然，针对某一具体的文章，还可以有各种各样，形形色色的设问方式。

对于细节题，也可以说对于任何阅读理解题，考生必须根据文章提供的信息进行答题，而不能根据自己的主观判断或者一般常识来答题。

切记！

切记！

二、基本训练

　　TheLouisianaPurchase（购买）provedtobethewisestbusinessagreementintheentirehistoryoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.FirstitdoubledtheareaoftheU.S.andprovidedterritory（领土）fromwhich14newstateswerecreatedeitherwhollyorinpart.Second,itgavetheAmericansfullcontroloverthemouthoftheMississippiRiverandopenedupthewaytoforeigntrade.Beforethepurchasewasmade,thewaterwayhadbeenblockedbytheSpanishfleet（舰队）,probablywiththeapprovalofNapoleon.Third,thelandwasrichinwoodforbuilding,mineralsandnaturalresourcesofotherkinds.Andfinally,thecostofthisbusinesswasextraordinarilylow.Thetotalof$15,000,000amountedtoabout4centsanacre.

1．BeforetheLouisianaPurchase,_____.

　A.TherelationsbetweenAmericaandSpainhadbeenpoor

　B.Americahadnosystemofforeigntrade

　C.Americawasingreatneedofnaturalresources

D.Landingeneralwassellingfor4centsanacre

2．AftertheLouisianaPurchase,______.

　A.AmericabecamefriendlywithSpain

　B.alltheAmericansbecameveryrich

　C.Americahadaterritorytwicethesizeasitselfbefore

　D.Americaspentsomuchmoneythatitbecameweakerandpoorer

3．WhentheAmericanpeoplefullycontrolledthemouthoftheMississippiRiver,_____.

　A.aterriblewarbrokeoutbetweentheU.S.andSpain

　B.theirforeigntradedevelopedmorequickly

　C.gotmorenaturalresources

　D.thewholenationgreatlybenefitedfromthepurchase

4．ThelandtheAmericanpeopleboughtthroughdiplomacy（外交方式）providedtheAmericanpeoplewith______.

　A.morefreedom　　　　　　B.morechanceofwork

　C.morenaturalresources　　D.morebenefits

三、高考实战（93年高考阅读题）

OntheeveningofJune21,1992,atallmanwithbrownhairandblueeyesenteredthebeautifulhall

oftheBellTowerHotelinXi'anwithhisbicycle.Thehotelworkersreceivedhimandtelephonedthemanager,fortheyhadneverseenabicycleinthehotelhallbeforethoughtheylivedin"thekingdomofbicycles".

RobertFriedlander,anAmerican,arrivedinXi'anonhisbicycletripacrossAsiawhichstartedlast

DecemberinNewDelhi,India.Whenhewas11,hereadthebookMarcoPoloandmadeuphismindtovisittheSilkRoad.Now,after44years,hewasontheSilkRoadinXi'anandhisearlydreamswerecomingtrue.

RobertFriedlander'snextdestinations（目的地）wereLanzhou,Dunhuang,Urumqi,etc.Hewill

completehistripinPakistan.

61.Thebestheadline（标题）forhisnewspaperarticlewouldbe.

A.TheKingdomofBicyclesB.ABeautifulHotelinXi'an

C.MarcoPoloandtheSilkRoadD.AnAmericanAchievingHisAims

62.ThehotelworkerstoldthemanageraboutFriedlandercomingtothehotelbecause.

A.heaskedtoseethemanager

B.heenteredthehallwithabike

C.themanagerhadtoknowaboutallforeignguests

D.themanagerknewabouthistripandwasexpectinghim

63.Friedlanderisvisitingthethreecountriesinthefollowingorder.

A.China,India,andPakistanB.India,China,andPakistan

C.Pakistan,China,andIndiaD.China,Pakistan,andIndia

64.WhatmadeFriedlanderwanttocometoChina?

A.ThestoriesaboutMarcoPolo.B.ThefamoussightsinXi'an.

C.HisinterestinChinesesilk.D.Hischildhooddreamsaboutbicycles.

65.Friedlandercanbesaidtobe.

A.cleverB.friendlyC.hardworkingD.strong-minded

AyoungmanfromavillagecalledNawalapitiyamarriedayoungwomanfromMaliyuwa,anearby

village.Theylivedwiththeman'sbigfamily—hisparents,hisbrothers,theirwivesandchildren.Thefamilykeptanelephant,inwhichtheyoungwomansoontookagreatinterest.Everydayshefeditwithfruitandsugar.

Threemonthslaterthewomanwentbacktoherparents'home,havingquarrelledwithherhusband.

Soontheelephantrefusedtoeatandwork.Itappearedtobeillandheart-broken.Onemorningafterseveralweekstheanimaldisappearedfromthehouse.

Itwenttothewoman'shome.Onseeingher,theelephantwaveditstrunkandtouchedherwithit.

Theyoungwomanwassomoved（感动）bytheactoftheanimalthatshereturnedtoherhusband'shome.

66.Thewriterwrotethestoryinorderto.

A.showthatelephantsareveryclever

B.tellhowawomantrainedawildanimal

C.showthatwomencaremoreforanimalsthanmendo

D.tellhowananimalreunitedahusbandandwife

67.Thewomanlefthernewhome.

A.tovisitherownparentsinMaliyuwaB.toseeiftheelephantwouldfollowher

C.becauseshewasangrywithherhusbandD.becauseshewastiredofthelargefamily

68.Aftertheyoungwomanleftherhusband'shome,theelephant.

A.returnedtotheforestB.wassadbecauseitmissedher

C.wenttolookforanewhomeD.wassickbecausenobodyfedit

69.Theyoungwifewentbacktoherhusbandbecause.

A.sheknewhehadsenttheanimaltoherB.theelephanthadcometolookforher

C.herparentspersuadedhertoD.shemissedhernewhome

Forthousandsofyears,manhasenjoyedthetasteofapples.Apples,whichareabout85percent

water,growalmosteverywhereintheworldbutthehottestandcoldestareas（地区）.AmongtheleadingcountriesinappleproductionareChina,FranceandtheUnitedStates.

Therearevariouskindsofapples,butaveryfewmakeupthemajorityofthosegrownforsale.

ThethreemostcommonkindsgrownintheUnitedStatesareDelicious,GoldenDelicious,andMcintosh.

Applesaredifferentincolour,size,andtaste.Thecolouroftheskinmaybered,green,oryellow.

Theyhavevarioussizes,withDeliciousapplesbeingamongthelargest.Thetastemaybesweetortart（酸的）.Generally,sweetapplesareeatenfreshwhiletartapplesareusedtomakeapplesauce（苹果酱）.

Appletreesmaygrowastallastwelvemetres.Theydobestinareasthathaveverycoldwinters.

Althoughnofruitisyieldedduringthewinter,thiscoldperiodisgoodforthetree.

70.ItcanbelearnedfromthetextthatDeliciousapplesare

A.growninFranceB.soldeverywhereC.verybigD.quitesweet

71.Coldwinterweatherisgoodfor.

A.thegrowthofappletreesB.producinglargeapples

C.improvingthetasteofapplesD.theincreaseofwaterinapples

72.China,FranceandtheUnitedStatesareconsideredto.

A.belargeproducersofapples

B.belargeproducersofapplesauce

C.havethelongesthistoryinappleproduction

D.havethecoldestwinteramongappleproducingcountries

73.Thewordyieldedinthelastsentencemeans.

A.improvedB.increasedC.producedD.sold

SantaFe,thecapitalofNewMexico,U.S.A.,isinthecentralpartofthestate,ontheSantaFe

RiverwhichflowsintotheRioGrands35kilometreswestofthecity.Morethantwothousandmetresabovesealevel,itliesintheSangredeCristoMountainswiththeOrtizMountainstothesoutheast.

SantaFewasfoundedin1609bytheSpanish（西班牙人）onanoldIndianvillage.In1680the

IndiansseizedtheplacebutonlyhelditfortwelveyearsbeforetheSpanishretookit.ThecityremainedunderSpanishruleuntilMexicowonitsindependence（独立）in1821.FromthenonitwasaMexicancityuntil1846whenitwastakenoverbyU.S.troops.

Withapopulationof48,953,SantaFeisnowthesecondlargestcityinthestate.Becauseofits

sunnyweather,richhistoryandsurroundingmountains,itisagoodplaceforholid