考研真题英语二.docx

考研真题英语二.docx

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考研真题英语二

2014年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语

（二）试题

　SectionIUseofEnglish

　Directions：

　Readthefollowingtext．Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA，B，CorDonANSWERSHEET．（10points）

　Thinnerisn’talwaysbetter．Anumberofstudieshave__1___thatnormal－weightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomediseasescomparedtothosewhoareoverweight．Andtherearehealthconditionsforwhichbeingoverweightisactually___2___．Forexample，heavierwomenarelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen．___3___amongtheelderly，beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenan___4___ofgoodhealth．

　Ofevengreater___5___isthefactthatobesityturnsouttobeverydifficulttodefine．Itisoftendefined___6___bodymassindex，orBMI．BMI___7__bodymassdividedbythesquareofheight．AnadultwithaBMIof18to25isoftenconsideredtobenormalweight．Between25and30isoverweight．Andover30isconsideredobese．Obesity，___8___，canbedividedintomoderatelyobese，severelyobese，andveryseverelyobese．

　　Whilesuchnumericalstandardsseem9，theyarenot．Obesityisprobablylessamatterofweightthanbodyfat．SomepeoplewithahighBMIareinfactextremelyfit，10otherswithalowBMImaybeinpoor11．Forexample，manycollegiateandprofessionalfootballplayers12asobese，thoughtheirpercentagebodyfatislow．Conversely，someonewithasmallframemayhavehighbodyfatbuta13BMI．

　Todaywehavea（an）_14_tolabelobesityasadisgrace．Theoverweightaresometimes_15_inthemediawiththeirfacescovered．Stereotypes_16_withobesityincludelaziness，lackofwillpower，andlowerprospectsforsuccess．Teachers，employers，andhealthprofessionalshavebeenshowntoharborbiasesagainsttheobese．_17_veryyoungchildrentendtolookdownontheoverweight，andteasingaboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaprobleminschools．

1．[A]denied[B]conduced[C]doubled[D]ensured

2．[A]protective[B]dangerous[C]sufficient[D]troublesome

3．[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D]Therefore

4．[A]indicator[B]objective[C]origin[D]example

5．[A]impact[B]relevance[C]assistance[D]concern

6．[A]intermsof[B]incaseof[C]infavorof[D]inof

7．[A]measures[B]determines[C]equals[D]modifies

8．[A]inessence[B]incontrast[C]inturn[D]inpart

9．[A]complicated[B]conservative[C]variable[D]straightforward

10．[A]so[B]unlike[C]since[D]unless

11．[A]shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D]taste

12．[A]start[B]quality[C]retire[D]stay

13．[A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]constant

14．[A]option[B]reason[C]opportunity[D]tendency

15．[A]employed[B]pictured[C]imitated[D]monitored

16．[A][B]combined[C]settled[D]associated

17．[A]Even[B]Still[C]Yet[D]Only

18．[A]despised[B]corrected[C]ignored[D]grounded

19．[A]discussions[B]businesses[C]policies[D]studies

20．[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]without

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions：

Readthefollowingfourtexts．AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA，B，CorD．MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET．（40points）

Text1

　第一段

Whatwouldyoudowith590m?

ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMackenzie，an84－year－oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall，tin－roofedhouseinFloridatocollectthebiggestundividedlotteryjackpotinhistory．

Ifshehopeshernew－foundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfillment，shecoulddoworsethanreadHappyMoneybyElizabethDunnandMichaelNorton．

第二段

Thesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehavioralresearchtoshowthatthemostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive．

Fantasiesofgreatwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandextravaganthomes．

Yetsatisfactionwiththesematerialpurchaseswearsofffairlyquickly.

Whatwasonceexcitingandnewbecomesold－hat；regretcreepsin．

Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences，sayMs.DunnandMr.Norton，likeinterestingtrips，uniquemealsorevengoingtothecinema．

Thesepurchasesoftenbecomemorevaluablewithtime－asstoriesormemories－particularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtoothers．

第三段

Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersgetthemost"happinessbangforyourbuck．"

Itseemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestowork，spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatchingtelevision（somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing，andishardlyjollierforit）．

Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforoneself，andluxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly．

ThisisapparentlythereasonMacDonald'srestrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRib－amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectofobsession．

第四段

ReadersofHappyMoneyareclearlyaprivilegedlot，anxiousaboutfulfillment，nothunger．

Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness，butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones．

Yetthelinkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld，andscarcityenhancesthepleasureofmostthingsformostpeople．

Noteveryonewillagreewiththeauthors’policyideas，whichrangefrommandatingmoreholidaytimetoreducingtaxincentivesforAmericanhomebuyers．

Butmostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent.

21．AccordingtoDunnandNorton，whichofthefollowingisthemostrewardingpurchase?

[A]Abighouse

[B]Aspecialtour

[C]Astylishcar

[D]Arichmeal

22．Theauthor’sattitudetowardAmericans’watchingTVis

[A]critical

[B]supportive

[C]sympathetic

[D]ambiguous

23．McRibismentionedinparagraph3toshowthat.

[A]consumersaresometimesirrational

[B]popularityusuallycomesafterquality

[C]marketingtricksareaftereffective

[D]raritygenerallyincreasespleasure

24．Accordingtothelastparagraph，HappyMoney.

[A]hasleftmuchroomforreaders’criticism

[B]mayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase

[C]haspredictedawiderincomegapintheUS

[D]maygiveitsreadersasenseofachievement

25．Thistextmainlydiscusseshowto.

[A]balancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney

[B]spendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotteries

[C]obtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent

[D]becomemorereasonableinspendingonluxuries

Text2

第一段

AnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedoutthatempiricalresearchsaysthat，actually，youthinkyou’remorebeautifulthanyouare．

Wehaveadeep－seatedneedtofeelgoodaboutourselvesandwenaturallyemployanumberofself－enhancingstrategiestoachievethis.

Socialpsychologistshaveamassedoceansofresearchintowhattheycallthe“aboveaverageeffect”，or“illusorysuperiority”，andshownthat，forexample，70%ofusrateourselvesasaboveaverageinleadership，93%indrivingand85%atgettingonwellwithothers—allobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities．

第二段

Werose-tintourmemoriesandputourselvesintoself－affirmingsituations．

Webecomedefensivewhencriticized，andapplynegativestereotypestootherstoboostourownesteem.

Westalkaroundthinkingwe’rehotstuff．

第三段

PsychologistandbehavioralscientistNicholasEpleyoversawakeystudyingintoself－enhancementandattractiveness.

Ratherthanhavepeoplesimplyratetheirbeautycomparedwithothers，heaskedthemtoidentifyanoriginalphotographofthemselvesfromalineupincludingversionsthathadbeenalteredtoappearmoreandlessattractive．

Visualrecognition，readsthestudy，is“anautomaticpsychologicalprocessoccurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleornoapparentconsciousdeliberation”．

Ifthesubjectsquicklychoseafalselyflatteringimage－whichmustdid－theygenuinelybelieveditwasreallyhowtheylooked．

第四段

Epleyfoundnosignificantgenderdifferenceinresponses．

Norwasthereanyevidencethatthosewhoself-enhancedthemost（thatis，theparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpictureswerereal）weredoingsotomakeupforprofoundinsecurities．

Infact,thosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermakersforhavinghigherself-esteem．

“Idon’tthinkthefindingsthatwehaveareanyevidenceofpersonaldelusion”，saysEpley．

“It’sareflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerallythinkingwellofthemselves.”

Ifyouaredepressed,youwon’tbeself-enhancing．

第五段

KnowingtheresultsofEpley‘sstudy，itmakessensethatmanypeopleheatphotographsofthemselvesviscerally－ononelevel，theydon’tevenrecognisethepersoninthepictureasthemselves.

Facebook,therefore，isaself-enhancer’sparadise，wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostflatteringphotos，thecreamoftheirwit，style，beauty，intellectandlifestyle.

“It’snotthatpeople’sprofilesaredishonest，”saysCatalinaTomaofWisconsin-MadisonUniversity，”buttheyportrayanidealizedversionofthemselves．”

26．Accordingtothefirstparagraph，socialpsychologisthavefoundthat______．

[A]ourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh

[B]illusorysuperiorityisbaselesseffect

[C]ourneedforleadershipisunnatural

[D]self-enhancingstrategiesareineffective

27．Visualrecognitionisbelievedtobepeople’s.

[A]rapidwatching

[B]consciouschoice

[C]intuitiveresponse

[D]automaticself-defence

28．Epleyfoundthatpeoplewithhigherself-esteemtendedto.

[A]underestimatetheirinsecurities

[B]believeintheirattractiveness

[C]coveruptheirdepressions

[D]oversimplifytheirillusions

29．Theword“viscerally”（Line2，para．5）isclosestinmeaningto_____．

[A]instinctively

[B]o