考研真题英语二.docx

1、考研真题英语二2014年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text Choose the best word（s） for each numbered blank and mark A， B， C or D on ANSWER SHEET （10 points）Thinner isnt always better A number of studies have _1_ that normalweight people are in fact at higher risk of som

2、e diseases compared to those who are overweight And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually _2_ For example， heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women _3_ among the elderly， being somewhat overweight is often an _4_ of good healthOf even g

3、reater _5_ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define It is often defined _6_ body mass index， or BMI BMI _7_ body mass divided by the square of height An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight Between 25 and 30 is overweight And over 30 is consid

4、ered obese Obesity， _8_，can be divided into moderately obese， severely obese， and very severely obeseWhile such numerical standards seem 9 ， they are not Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit， 10 others with a low BMI may be i

5、n poor 11 For example， many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese， though their percentage body fat is low Conversely， someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMIToday we have a（an） _14 _ to label obesity as a disgraceThe overweight are sometimes_15_in the media

6、 with their faces covered Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness， lack of will power，and lower prospects for successTeachers，employers，and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight， and teasing about bo

7、dy build has long been a problem in schools1 A denied B conduced C doubled D ensured2 A protective B dangerous C sufficient Dtroublesome3 A Instead B However C Likewise D Therefore4 A indicator B objective C origin D example5 A impact B relevance C assistance D concern6 A in terms of B in case of C

8、in favor of D in of7 A measures B determines C equals D modifies8 A in essence B in contrast C in turn D in part9 A complicated B conservative C variable D straightforward10 A so B unlike C since D unless11 A shape B spirit C balance D taste12 A start B quality C retire D stay13 A strange B changeab

9、le C normal D constant14 A option B reason C opportunity D tendency15 A employed B pictured C imitated D monitored16 A B combined C settled D associated17 A Even B Still C Yet D Only18 A despised B corrected C ignored D grounded19 A discussions B businesses C policies D studies20 A for B against C w

10、ith D withoutSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts Answer the questions below each text by choosing A， B，C or DMark your answers on ANSWER SHEET （40 points）Text 1第一段What would you do with 590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie， an 84yearold widow w

11、ho recently emerged from her small， tinroofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history If she hopes her newfound fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment， she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dunn and Michael Norton第二段These two academics

12、 use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly. What was once exciting and new

13、 becomes oldhat； regret creeps in It is far better to spend money on experiences， say Ms. Dunn and Mr. Norton， like interesting trips， unique meals or even going to the cinema These purchases often become more valuable with timeas stories or memoriesparticularly if they involve feeling more connecte

14、d to others第三段This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most happiness bang for your buck It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work， spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching televisio

15、n （something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing， and is hardly jollier for it）Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself， and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly This is apparently the reason Mac

16、Donalds restricts the availability of its popular McRib a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession第四段Readers of Happy Money are clearly a privileged lot，anxious about fulfillment，not hunger Money may not quite buy happiness，but people in wealthier countries are g

17、enerally happier than those in poor ones Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world，and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people Not everyone will agree with the authors policy ideas， which range from ma

18、ndating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.21According to Dunn and Norton，which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?AA big houseBA special tourCA stylish carDA rich meal22The

19、 authors attitude toward Americans watching TV isAcriticalBsupportiveCsympatheticDambiguous23McRib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that .Aconsumers are sometimes irrationalBpopularity usually comes after qualityCmarketing tricks are after effectiveDrarity generally increases pleasure24According

20、to the last paragraph，Happy Money .Ahas left much room for readers criticismBmay prove to be a worthwhile purchaseChas predicted a wider income gap in the USDmay give its readers a sense of achievement25This text mainly discusses how to .Abalance feeling good and spending moneyBspend large sums of m

21、oney won in lotteriesCobtain lasting satisfaction from money spentDbecome more reasonable in spending on luxuriesText 2第一段An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that，actually，you think youre more beautiful than you are We have a deepseated need to feel good abo

22、ut ourselves and we naturally employ a number of selfenhancing strategies to achieve this. Social psychologists have amassed oceans of research into what they call the “above average effect”， or “illusory superiority”， and shown that，for example，70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadershi

23、p， 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with othersall obviously statistical impossibilities第二段We rose-tint our memories and put ourselves into selfaffirming situations We become defensive when criticized， and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem. We stalk around thinkin

24、g were hot stuff第三段Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying into selfenhancement and attractiveness. Rather than have people simply rate their beauty compared with others， he asked them to identify an original photograph of themselves from a lineup including versio

25、ns that had been altered to appear more and less attractive Visual recognition，reads the study，is “an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation” If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image which must did they genu

26、inely believed it was really how they looked 第四段Epley found no significant gender difference in responses Nor was there any evidence that those who self-enhanced the most （that is，the participants who thought the most positively doctored pictures were real） were doing so to make up for profound inse

27、curities In fact, those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other makers for having higher self-esteem “I dont think the findings that we have are any evidence of personal delusion”， says Epley “Its a reflection simply

28、of people generally thinking well of themselves.” If you are depressed, you wont be self-enhancing 第五段Knowing the results of Epley s study，it makes sense that many people heat photographs of themselves viscerallyon one level， they dont even recognise the person in the picture as themselves. Facebook

29、, therefore ，is a self-enhancers paradise，where people can share only the most flattering photos，the cream of their wit，style，beauty，intellect and lifestyle. “Its not that peoples profiles are dishonest，” says Catalina Toma of Wisconsin-Madison University ，”but they portray an idealized version of t

30、hemselves”26 According to the first paragraph，social psychologist have found that _A our self-ratings are unrealistically highB illusory superiority is baseless effectC our need for leadership is unnaturalD self-enhancing strategies are ineffective27 Visual recognition is believed to be peoples . A

31、rapid watchingB conscious choiceC intuitive responseD automatic self-defence28Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to .A underestimate their insecuritiesB believe in their attractivenessC cover up their depressionsD oversimplify their illusions29The word “viscerally”（Line 2，para5） is closest in meaning to_AinstinctivelyBo