英美文化学习资料.docx

英美文化学习资料.docx

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英美文化学习资料

ChapterOneEnglishHistiory

I.ChoosetheCorrectAnswerfromEachoftheFollowing.

1.Intheyear1066,WilliamtheConquerorinvadedEnglandfromFrance,defeatingtheSaxonkingHaroldatC.

A.theBattleofCrecyC.theBattleofHastings

B.theBattleofAgincourtD.theBattleofWaterloo

2.OneofthefollowingdidnottakeplaceduringtheMiddleAges.ItwasD.

A.theNormanConquestC.theHundredYearsWar

B.theCrusadesD.the“GunpowderPlot”

3.ThemostfamousoftheEnglishCrusaderswastheNormanking,A.

A.RichardLion-HeartC.KingArthur

B.KingJohnD.AlfredtheGreat

4.FormuchoftheMiddleAges,Britainwasruledbya（n）Baristocracy.

A.English-speakingC.German-speaking

B.French-speakingD.Gaelic-speaking

5.InEngland,theProtestantReformationbeganwithB.

A.KingJohnC.QueenElizabeth

B.HenryVIIID.BloodyMary

6.ShakespearelivedintheperiodofC.

A.theMiddleAgesC.theElizabethanage

B.theVictorianageD.theIndustrialRevolution

7.ThedefeatoftheSpanishArmadabytheEnglishnavytookplaceduringC.

A.theMiddleAgesC.theElizabethanage

B.the“grabforAfrica”D.theVictorianage

8.The“GunpowderPlot”tookplaceinthereignofA.

A.JamesIC.HenryVIII

B.ElizabethID.CharlesI

9.Thekingwhobelievedthe“DivineRight”togovern,andwhowascondemnedtodeathduringtheEnglishCivilWarwasC.

A.HenryVIIIC.CharlesI

B.JamesID.JamesII

10.Duringthewholeoftheeighteenthcentury,England’sgreatenemywasB.

A.SpainC.America

B.FranceD.Germany

11.OneofthefollowingdidnottakeplaceduringtheeighteenthcenturyinBritishhistory.ItwasD.

A.greatvictoriesoverFranceC.thelossofherAmericancolonies

B.theIndustrialRevolutionD.thefoundingofthemodernpoliceforce

12.TheReformBillintheeighteenthcenturyinBritishhistorywasmadetoA.

A.extendthefranchiseC.encourageinventions

B.developtradeunionsD.improvesocialservices

13.OneofthefollowingwasnotacharacteristicoftheVictorianage.D

A.Itwasanageofnationaldevelopmentandnationaloptimism.

B.Itwasanageofstabilityinfamilylife.

C.Itwasanageofimperialism.

D.Itwasanageoflackofbeliefinreligion.

14.OneofthefollowingdidnottakeplacebetweenthetwoworldwarsinBritishhistory.ItwasA.

A.the“suffragette”movement

B.theindependenceofthesouthernpartofIreland

C.thegreat“slump”

D.theGeneralStrike

15.WhichofthefollowingdidnottakeplaceaftertheSecondWorldWarinBritishhistory?

C

A.TheindependenceofthecoloniesoftheoldBritishempire

B.TheavailabilityofTVsetsandcarstoalmosteveryhome

C.The“suffragette”movement

D.Thefoundingofthe“WelfareState”

II.FillintheBlanks

1.TheCrusadeswereaseriesofwarsinwhicharmiesfromalloverEuropetriedtosnatchthe“”（i.e.Palestine,whereJesusChristoncelived）fromthe.

2.InBritishhistory,thegreatrivalsoftheking’sauthorityduringtheMiddleAgeswere

andthelocalchiefs,called.

3.AllthekingsoftheMiddleAgesinBritainspokeastheirmothertongue,andaftertheHundredYears’War,thelanguagetookitsplace.

4.DuringtheHundredYears’WarbetweenEnglandandFrance,EnglishbowmendefeatedtheheavilyarmedFrenchknightsinthefamousBattlesofand,andthewholeofFranceverynearlyfellintoEnglishhands.

5.Thesixteenthcenturywastheageofgreatvoyagesofdiscovery.andwerethetwogreatsailorswhostartedtheageofdiscovery.

7.ProtestantismgraduallybecamethedominantfaithinBritaininthereignof.

8.MostpeopleassociatetheElizabethanagewithtwothings.Thefirstis.Theotheris.

9.ThegreatestsailorwholedtheEnglishfleettovictoryinfightingtheSpanishArmadawas.

10.TheEnglishCivilWarresultedinthetemporaryoverthrowofthe,andthecountrybecameformorethantenyearsasortofrepublicfoundedby.

11.IntheEnglishCivilWar,the“Roundhead”supportedwhilethe“Cavalier”supported.

14.ThelongestreigninBritishhistorywasthemonarchofthegreatQueenVictoria,whichlastedfromtheyearto.

15.TheOriginofSpecieswaswrittenby.

17.AfterWorldWarII,thefirsttwocoloniesoftheoldBritishEmpirethatbecamefreewere___and.

III.Explanation

1.theHundredYears’War

（1）AwarbetweenEnglandandFrancewhichlasted,onandoff,forahundredyearsfrom1337to1453.

（2）ItwasfoughtentirelyinFrance,andthewholeofFranceverynearlyfellintoEnglishhandsinthefamousbattlesofCrecyandAgincourt.（3）Eventually,partlythroughtheinspirationofthebravegirlJoanofArc,andpartlythroughtheeffectiveuseofguns,theFrenchdrovetheEnglishfromtheirlandforgood.

2.theCatholicChurch

（1）ItreferstotheChristianchurchheadedbythePope.

（2）AllmembersofthechurchacceptthegospelofChristandtheteachingsoftheBible.AnyrevoltagainstthetraditionalChristianfaithwas“heresy.”（3）IntheMiddleAges,thePopewasextremelypowerful.（4）Inthesixteenthcentury,someoftheactualbeliefsandpracticesoftheCatholicChurchwerequestionedbyProtestantdoctrinesandtherewasagreatdealofpersecutionbyCatholics.

3.theElizabethanage

（1）ItreferstotheperiodduringthereignofElizabethIinBritishhistory.

（2）Itwasanageofrealliteraryachievement,especiallythatofShakespeare,and（3）itwasanageofadventureonthesea.

Answers

I.ChoosetheCorrectAnswerfromEachoftheFollowing

1.;2.;3.A;4.B;5.B;6.C;7.C;8.A;9.C;10.B;11.D;12.A;13.D;14.A;15.C

II.FillintheBlanks

1.;theMuslims

2.theChurch;barons

3.French;English

4.Crecy;Agincourt

5.Columbus;VascodaGama

7.ElizabethI

8.literature;adventureonthesea

9.SirFrancisDrake

10.monarchy;OliverCromwell

11.theParliament;theKing（orKingCharlesI）

14.1837;1901

15.CharlesDarwin

17.India;Pakistan

ChapterTwoBritishGovernmentSystem

I.ChoosetheCorrectAnswerfromEachoftheFollowing

1.QueenElizabethnis“DefenderoftheFaith”,because______.

A.sheisthespiritualleaderoftheChurchofEngland

B.sheistheheadoftheChurchofEngland

C.sheisthepersonificationofthestate.

D.sheisthesymboloftheEnglishvalues.

2.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?

A.TheQueenholdsmeetingsofthePrivyCouncil.

B.TheQueenreceivesreportsofcabinetmeetingsinherweeklysessionswiththePrimeMinister.

C.TheQueenmusttakesideswhenadisputearisesintheCabinet.

D.TheQueenisinformedandconsultedoneveryaspectofnationallife.

3.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?

A.TheQueenisasymboloftheparliamentarydemocracy.

B.SheisasymbolofBritishculture.

C.SheisasymbolofEnglishtradition.

D.SheisasymbolofEnglishwayoflife.

4.WhichofthefollowingisnotapartoftheConventionsoftheconstitution?

A.ThepowersoftheCrownareexercisedmainlybyMinisters.

B.TheQueenmustactontheadviceofMinisters.

C.MPsenjoyfreedomofspeechindebate.

D.MinistersareresponsibletoParliamentfortheiractions.

5.HowoftendoestheGeneralElectiontakeplace?

A.Atleasteverythreeyears.C.Atleasteveryfiveyears.

B.Atleasteveryfouryears.D.Atleasteverysixyears.

6.WhyaresomanypartymemberselectedtoParliamentineachElectioninBritain?

A.Becausepartymembersusuallyenjoybetterreputation.

B.Becausepartymembershavemoreexperienceinformingagovernment.

C.Becausepartymembershavethebackingofnationwideorganizations.

D.Becausepeopletrustpartymemberstoagreaterdegree.

7.Theexecutivepowerisinthehandsof_____.

A.ParliamentC.theCabinetheadedbythePrimeMinister

B.theHouseofCommonsD.theQueen

8.TherealcentreofpowerinParliamentis_____.

A.theQueenC.theHouseofLords

B.theHouseofCommonsD.theCabinet

9.WhichofthefollowingisnotoneofthefunctionsthatParliamentplays?

A.Toserveasthefinalcourtofappealincivilcasesandcriminalcases.

B.Tomakelaws.

C.Tocontrolandcriticizetheexecutivegovernment.

D.Tocontroltheraisingandthespendingofmoney.

10.TherealpoweroftheBritishgovernmentliesin_____.

A.theHouseofCommonsC.thePrimeMinister

B.theCabinetheadedbythePrimeMinisterD.theQueen

11.WhichofthefollowingistheActthatrestrictedthepowersoftheLordsindealingwithmoney?

A.TheParliamentActof1901C.TheBillofRightsin1689

B.TheParliamentActof1911D.TheActofSettlementin1701

12.TherealpoweroftheHouseofLordsliesin____.

A.helpingtopassmoneybillsC.discussingbills

B.delayingbillsD.beingSupremeCourt

13.Whichofthefollowingisnotcorrect?

A.TheSpeakerpresidesoverthemeetingsintheHouseofCommonsandseesthatprocedureisfollowed.

B.TheSpeakerhasthehighestpowerintheHouseofCommons,heusuallytakessidesandjoinsthedebates.

C.TheSpeakercontrolsthedebates,seeingthatMembersdonotstraytoofarfromthesubjectofdebate.

D.TheSpeakerinterpretstheruleofprocedureandsettlesanydisputesastowhetherthingsarebeingproperlydone.

14.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantprivilegeenjoyedbyMPs?

A.FreedomofspeechinParliament.C.Highlivingstandards.

B.Highsocialstatus.D.Involvementinlaw-making.

15.Whichofthefollowingsentencesintrue?

A.Thetwobigpartieshavebeensuccessfulinexpandingtheirpowersoverrecentyears.

B.Thestrengthofthebigpartiesremainsunchanged.

C.Membersofthetwobigpar