TPO19阅读文本.docx

TPO19阅读文本.docx

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TPO19阅读文本

TPO19阅读

TheRomanArmy'sImpactonBritain

InthewakeoftheRomanEmpire'sconquestofBritaininthefirstcenturyA.D.,alargenumberoftroopsstayedinthenewprovince,andthesetroopshadaconsiderableimpactonBritainwiththeircamps,fortifications,andparticipationinthelocaleconomy.Assessingtheimpactofthearmyonthecivilianpopulationstartsfromtherealizationthatthesoldierswerealwaysunevenlydistributedacrossthecountry.Areasrapidlyincorporatedintotheempirewerenotlongaffectedbythemilitary.Wherethearmyremainedstationed,itspresencewasmuchmoreinfluential.Theimpositionofamilitarybaseinvolvedtherequisitionofnativelandsforboththefortandtheterritoryneededtofeedandexercisethesoldiers'animals.Theimpositionofmilitaryrulealsorobbedlocalleadersofopportunitiestoparticipateinlocalgovernment,sosocialdevelopmentwasstuntedandtheseedsofdisaffectionsown.Thisthenmeantthatthemilitaryhadtoremaintosuppressrebellionandorganizegovernment.

EconomicexchangewasclearlyveryimportantastheRomanarmybroughtwithitverysubstantialspendingpower.Locallyaforthadtwokindsofimpact.Itslargepopulationneededfoodandothersupplies.Someofthesewerecertainlybroughtfromlongdistances,butdemandswereinevitablyplacedonthelocalarea.Althoughgoodscouldberequisitioned,theywereusuallypaidfor,andthisprobablystimulatedchangesinthelocaleconomy.Whennotcampaigning,soldiersneededtobeoccupied;otherwisetheyrepresentedapotentiallydangeroussourceoffrictionanddisloyalty.Henceawritingtabletdated25Apriltellsof343menatonefortengagedontaskslikeshoemaking,buildingabathhouse,operatingkilns,diggingclay,andworkinglead.Suchactivitieshadamajoreffectonthelocalarea,inparticularwiththeconstructionofinfrastructuresuchasroads,whichimprovedaccesstoremoteareas.

Eachsoldierreceivedhispay,butinregionswithoutadevelopedeconomytherewasinitiallylittleonwhichitcouldbespent.Thepoolofexcesscashrapidlystimulatedathrivingeconomyoutsidefortgates.Someofthedemandfortheservicesandgoodswasnodoubtfulfilledbypeopledrawnfromfarafield,butsomelocalpeoplecertainlybecameentwinedinthisneweconomy.Therewasinformalmarriagewithsoldiers,whountilAD197werenotlegallyentitledtowed,andwholenewcommunitiesgrewupneartheforts.Thesesettlementsactedlikesmalltowns,becomingcentersfortheartisanandtradingpopulations.

Thearmyalsoprovidedameansofpersonaladvancementforauxiliarysoldiersrecruitedfromthenativepeoples,asamanobtainedhereditaryRomancitizenshiponretirementafterserviceinanauxiliaryregiment.Suchunitsrecruitedonanadhoc（asneeded）basisfromtheareainwhichtheywerestationed,andtherewasevidentlylarge-scalerecruitmentwithinBritain.Thetotalnumberswereatleast12,500menuptothereignoftheemperorHadrian（A.D.117-138）,withapeakaroundA.D.80.Althoughasmallproportionofthetotalpopulation,thisperhapshadamassivelocalimpactwhenalargeproportionoftheyoungmenwereremovedfromanarea.Newlyraisedregimentswerenormallytransferredtoanotherprovincefromwhenceitwasunlikelythatindividualrecruitswouldeverreturn.MostunitsraisedinBritainwentelsewhereontheEuropeancontinent,althoughoneisrecordedinMorocco.ThereverseprocessbroughtyoungmentoBritain,wheremanycontinuedtoliveaftertheir20to25yearsofservice,andthisaddedtothecosmopolitanRomancharacterofthefrontierpopulation.BythelaterRomanperiod,frontiergarrisons（groupsofsoldiers）wereonlyrarelytransferred,serviceinunitsbecameeffectivelyhereditary,andfortswerenolongerpopulatedormaintainedatfullstrength.

Thisprocessofsettlinginasacommunityoverseveralgenerations,combinedwithlocalrecruitment,presumablyaccountsfortheapparentstabilityoftheBritishnorthernfrontierinthelaterRomanperiod.ItalsoexplainswhysomeofthefortscontinuedinoccupationlongafterRomeceasedtohaveanyformalauthorityinBritain,atthebeginningofthefifthcenturyA.D.ThecircumstancesthathadallowednativestobecomeRomanizedalsoledtheself-sustainingmilitarycommunityofthefrontierareatobecomeeffectivelyBritish.

paragraph1【InthewakeoftheRomanEmpire'sconquestofBritaininthefirstcenturyA.D.,alargenumberoftroopsstayedinthenewprovince,andthesetroopshadaconsiderableimpactonBritainwiththeircamps,fortifications,andparticipationinthelocaleconomy.】Assessingtheimpactofthearmyonthecivilianpopulationstartsfromtherealizationthatthesoldierswerealwaysunevenlydistributedacrossthecountry.Areasrapidlyincorporatedintotheempirewerenotlongaffectedbythemilitary.Wherethearmyremainedstationed,itspresencewasmuchmoreinfluential.Theimpositionofamilitarybaseinvolvedtherequisitionofnativelandsforboththefortandtheterritoryneededtofeedandexercisethesoldiers'animals.Theimpositionofmilitaryrulealsorobbedlocalleadersofopportunitiestoparticipateinlocalgovernment,sosocialdevelopmentwasstuntedandtheseedsofdisaffectionsown.Thisthenmeantthatthemilitaryhadtoremaintosuppressrebellionandorganizegovernment.

1Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?

Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation

（题干两个意思，1停留在新省（推断出是英格兰），2产生巨大影响）

○ManyRomansoldiersremainedinBritainafterconqueringit,andtheirpresencehadastronginfluence.

○ThenewRomanprovinceofBritainseemedtoawakeninthefirstcenturyA.D.asthelocaleconomyimproved.（少）

○Camps,fortifications,andeconomicchangecontributedtotheRomanconquestofBritain.（无）

○WiththeconquestofBritainbyRomantroops,theRomanEmpiregainedconsiderableeconomicstrength.（无）

2Accordingtoparagraph1,theRomanarmyhadthemostinfluenceontheseareasofBritainthatwere

○conqueredfirst（无）

○nearpopulationcenters

○usedasmilitarybases（Wherethearmyremainedstationed,itspresencewasmuchmoreinfluential和下一句militarybases的改写）

○rapidlyincorporatedintotheempire（无）

3Accordingtoparagraph1,whateffectdidmilitaryoccupationhaveonthelocalpopulation?

○Itencouragedmoreevendistributionofthepopulationandthesettlementofpreviouslyundevelopedterritory（Theimpositionofamilitarybaseinvolvedtherequisitionofnativelandsforboththefortandtheterritoryneededtofeedandexercisethesoldiers'animals.对应但是，对象不对，原文中不是针对localpopulation）

○Itcreateddiscontentandmadecontinuingmilitaryoccupationnecessary（sosocialdevelopmentwasstuntedandtheseedsofdisaffectionsown.Thisthenmeantthatthemilitaryhadtoremaintosuppressrebellionandorganizegovernment.

）

○Itrequiredlocallabortoconstructfortsandfeedandexercisethesoldiers'animals.（无）

○Itproviedlocalleaderswithopportunitiestoparticipateingovernance（反）

4Theword"suppress"inthepassageisclosetinthemeaningto

○respondto

○warnagainst

○avoidtheimpactof

○stopbyforce镇压反叛，就是暴力停止

（第一段，结构分析

InthewakeoftheRomanEmpire'sconquestofBritaininthefirstcenturyA.D.,alargenumberoftroopsstayedinthenewprovince,andthesetroopshadaconsiderableimpactonBritainwiththeircamps,fortifications,andparticipationinthelocaleconomy.【抽象的首句，同时是总起句，提示下文的几个要点，camps,fortifications,andparticipationinthelocaleconomy】Assessingtheimpactofthearmyonthecivilianpopulationstartsfromtherealizationthatthesoldierswerealwaysunevenlydistributedacrossthecountry.【影响不均衡，P那里强，那里弱，哪方面强】Areasrapidlyincorporatedintotheempirewerenotlongaffectedbythemilitary.【影响弱】Wherethearmyremainedstationed,itspresencewasmuchmoreinfluential.【影响强，P哪方面强】Theimpositionofamilitarybaseinvolvedtherequisitionofnativelandsforboththefortandtheterritoryneededtofeedandexercisethesoldiers'animals.【经济方面的影响】Theimpositionofmilitaryrulealsorobbedlocalleadersofopportunitiestoparticipateinlocalgovernment,sosocialdevelopmentwasstuntedandtheseedsofdisaffectionsown.【政治方面的影响】Thisthenmeantthatthemilitaryhadtoremaintosuppressrebellionandorganizegovernment.【影响的结果】

requisition

n.

征用；（财产或材料的正式）征用令；申请书

vt.

征用,征发

imposition

n.

强加,被迫接受；过分的要求,不合理的负担；税收

paragraph2EconomicexchangewasclearlyveryimportantastheRomanarmybroughtwithitverysubstantialspendingpower.Locallyaforthadtwokindsofimpact.Itslargepopulationneededfoodandothersupplies.Someofthesewerecertainlybroughtfromlongdistances,butdemandswereinevitablyplacedonthelocalarea.Althoughgoodscouldberequisitioned,theywereusuallypaidfor,andthisprobablystimulatedchangesinthelocaleconomy.Whennotcampaigning,soldiersneededtobeoccupied;otherwisetheyrepresentedapotentiallydangeroussourceoffrictionanddisloyalty.Henceawritingtabletdated25Apriltellsof343menatonefortengagedontaskslikeshoemaking,buildingabathhouse,operatingkilns,diggingclay,andworkinglead.Suchactivitieshadamajoreffectonthelocalarea,inparticularwiththeconstructionofinfrastructuresuchasroads,whichimprovedaccesstoremoteareas.

5Theword"friction"inthepassageisclosetinmeaningto

○rebellion

○conflict

○neglect

○crime

6Theauthormentions"343menatonefortengagedontaskslikeshoemaking,buildingabathhouse,operatingkilns,diggingclay,andworkinglead"inorderto

○describethekindsoftaskssoldierswererequiredtoperformasp