大学英语之基础英语综合教程第二册unit7exercise.docx
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大学英语之基础英语综合教程第二册unit7exercise
Unit7LettertoaBStudent
Vocabulary
I
1.essence:
innernature;indispensablequality;themostimportantpart本质，实质，精髓
.Hisworksreflecttheessenceoffascism.他的作品反映出法西斯的本质。
2.deadlysins:
sinsleadingtodamnation（InChristianitythephrasespecificallyrefersto“thesevensins”:
pride,covetousness,lust,anger,gluttony,envy,andsloth）
3.misleading:
makingyouthinkoractwrongly误导，误入歧途
.Hedeliberatelymisledusaboutthenatureoftheirrelationship.关于他们究竟是什么关系，他故意给我们留下错误印象。
Thissentencehasmisledusintothinkingthattheanswerwaswrong.这句话误使我们认为那个答案是错误的。
4.conventionaltask:
tasktraditionallyrequiredofstudents传统任务
.Thisconventionaltaskissoeasythatevenapupilcanfinishit.这个传统任务是如此简单，甚至小学生都能完成。
5.inshortsupply:
farfromenough供给不足，缺乏
.Thewaterandfoodfordisasterareaisinshortsupply.这些水和食物给灾区是远远不够的。
Potatoesareinshortsupplybecauseofthebadharvest.由于收成不好，现在马铃薯供应不足。
II
1.define
2.irrelevant
3.correspondto
4.flunked
5.rather
6.makesapointof
7.aptto
8.goround
IIIFillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofthegivenwords.
1.Hisvisionwasnearlyrestoredtonormalaftertheremoval（remove）ofthetumorinhisbrain.
2.Themajorissueoftheconferencewashowtocopewiththesevereconsequencesresultingfromtheclimatic（climate）changesonourplanet.
3.Thiscompanyisintroubleandthelatestplanforitssalvation（salvage）hasfewsupporters.
4.Itissaidinthejobadthatthosewhoapplyforthevacancyshouldhaveproficiency（proficient）inatleasttwolanguages.
5.Don’trelyontheinformationshegaveyou—it’spureassumption（assume）onherpart.
6.Theageofcollegestudentsnormally（norm）rangesfrom18to22.
7.Thegovernment’sinactiontocurbinflationandunemploymentcausedstrongresentment（resent）amongthepublic.
8.TheSichuanearthquaketurnedouttobethemostdisastrous（disaster）onethecountryhaswitnessedinthepastonehundredyears.
1.removev.消除，除去；脱掉
removablea.可除去的，可移动的
removaln.移动，移居；除去
.我们的家已从北京迁到上海。
OurhomehasremovedfromBeijingtoShanghai.
他脱下帽子表示敬意。
Heremovedhishatasasignofreverence.
2.climaten.气候；风气
climatica.气候上的
.她很快就适应了这种多变的气候。
Sheadaptedherselfquicklytothechangeableclimate.
3.salvagev.打捞，抢救
salvageablea.可抢救的，可打捞的
salvationn.得救，拯救；赎罪
.房子里没有什么东西可救的了。
Thereisnothingthatissalvageableinthebuilding.
天气干旱了这么久，这场雨成了农民的救星。
Aftersomuchdryweather,therainhasbeenthefarmer’ssalvation.
4.proficienta.熟练的，精通的
proficiencyn.熟练，精通
.我可以说对唱歌很在行。
I’dsayIamquiteproficientatsinging.
5.assumev.假定，设想；承担；认为
assumingconj.假定，假如
assumptionn.假定，设想
.我以为你能讲流利的英语。
IassumedyoucouldspeakEnglishfluently.
假定那是真的，我们现在该怎么办？
Assumingthatitistrue,whatshouldwedonow?
6.normn.标准，规范
normala.正常的，正规的
normalityn.常态
normalizev.使正常，使标准化
.过了几天，洪水才退，生活恢复了正常。
Itwasseveraldaysbeforethefloodwatersankandlifereturnedtonormal.
我们的关系正常了。
Ourrelationshiphasbeennormalized.
7.resentv.憎恨，生气
resentmentn.怨恨，愤恨
resentfula.不满的
resentfulnessn.怨恨，愤恨
.我非常讨厌别人侵占我的时间。
.
Ibitterlyresenttheencroachmentonmytime.
他对所受的待遇感到忿恨。
Heisresentfulatthewayhehasbeentreated.
8.disastern.灾难
disastrousa.灾难性的
.这场灾难过后，许多人既没有食物又没有住处。
Afterthedisasterthereweremanywhowantedfoodandshelter.
国家的经济形势非常糟糕。
Theeconomicconditionofthecountryisdisastrous.
IV
BDCCBDBD
V.Giveasynonymoranantonymofthewordunderlinedineachsentenceinthesenseitisused.
1.Theessenceofsuccessisthatthere’sneverenoughofittogoroundinazero-sumgamewhereoneperson’swinningmustbeoffsetbyanother’slosing…
Synonym:
balanced,compensated
2.Thelevelofyourproficiencyhasbeendeterminedbyyourperformanceofratherconventionaltasks…
Antonym:
unconventional
3.Buttheyareimportant:
cruciallyso,becausetheyarealwaysinshortsupply.
Antonym:
abundant,plentiful
4.Ifyouvaluethesecharacteristicsinyourself,youwillbevalued—andfarmoresothanthosewhoseidentitiesaremeasuredonlybylittlemarksonapieceofpaper.
Synonym:
evaluated,assessed
5.Therewerealotofusthen:
olderthanthenorm,inahurrytogetourdegreesandmoveon…
Synonym:
average
6.Itisimportanttorecognizethathumanbeings,despitedifferencesinclassandeducationallabeling,arefundamentallyhewnfromthesamematerialandknittogetherbycommonbondsoffearandjoy…
Synonym:
essentially,basically
7.Butthesedistinctionsshouldneverbetakenseriouslyinhumanterms…
Antonym:
lightly,frivolously
8.Eveninachievementterms,yourBlabeldoesnotmeanthatyouarepermanentlydefinedasaBachievementperson.
Antonym:
temporarily
VIPrefix
Writeineachspaceonewordthathasthesameprefixasunderlinedineachgivenword.
1.interfereinternational____2.transcend___translate
3.circumstances____circumference4.neocolonialneoclassical
5.controlconform6.antibioticantisocial
7.unlockundo8.outnumberoutshine
1.Explanation:
inter-:
between
.interaction,interdependent,interconnect
2.Explanation:
trans-:
acrossorbeyond
.transplant,transform,transatlantic
3.Explanation:
circum-:
surrounding
.circumcision,circumlocution,circumspect
4.Explanation:
neo-:
new,inalaterform
.neonatal,neo-fascist,neo-Georgian
5.Explanation:
con-:
strengthenorreinforce
.convince,constrain,conquer
6.Explanation:
anti-:
opposedto,against
.antiwar,antihero,antidote
7.Explanation:
un-:
inverbsthatdescribetheoppositeofaprocess
.unfold,unload,unbend,uncut
8.Explanation:
out-:
greater,better,further,etc.
.outgrow,outlive,outwit
Grammar
1.Disjunct
Adisjunctisatypeofadverbialthatexpressesinformationthatisnotconsideredessentialtothesentenceitappearsin,butwhichisconsideredtobethespeaker’sorwriter’sattitudetowards,ordescriptivestatementof,thepropositionalcontentofthesentence.
Moregenerally,thetermdisjunctcanbeusedtorefertoanysentenceelementthatisnotfullyintegratedintotheclausalstructureofthesentence.Suchelementsusuallyappearperipherally（atthebeginningorendofthesentence）andaresetofffromtherestofthesentencebyacomma（inwriting）andapause（inspeech）.
.Honestly,Icouldn’tbelieveit.
Unfortunately,Kimhashadtoleaveus.
IRewritethefollowingsentencesusingproperdisjuncts.
1.ItishopedthatthereportwillgoouttoshareholdersnolaterthanJune1.
2.Itisoddenoughthathedidnotraiseanyobjectiontotheplan.
3.Shewassowisetospendthemoney.
4.Itisregrettablethebookwasnotwellservedbyitsproof-readers.
5.Itisstrangeenoughthattheburglarshouldnothavetakenthediamondaway.
6.Itissadthatoneoftheproblemswithbeingonpublicradioisthatpeopletendtothinkyou’rebeingsincereallthetime.
Key:
1.Unfortunately,wehaverunoutofstock.
2.Hopefully,thereportwillgoouttoshareholdersnolaterthanJune1.
3.Oddlyenough,hedidnotraiseanyobjectiontotheplan.
4.Rightly,youreturnedthemoney.
5.Luckily,thishadattractedtheattentionofTVnetworkexecutives.
6.Fortunately,allwentwell.
7.Strangelyenough,theburglardidn’ttakethediamondaway.
II
1.Itwasrightthattheyprotestedagainstit./Theywererighttohaveprotestedagainstit.
2.Itwasfoolishthattheboydidn’tsayasingleword./Itwasfoolishoftheboynottosayasingleword./Theboywasfoolishnottosayasingleword.
3.ItwaswisethatJohnsentthemanaway./ItwaswiseofJohntohavesentthemanaway./Johnwaswisetohavesentthemanaway.
4.Itwassadthatthestormdestroyedtheentiretobaccocrop.
5.ItwasremarkablethatMrsJensenconsultedherlawyer.
6.ItisregrettablethatJamesrefusestospeak.
7.Itisluckythatmyassistanthasarrangedforthemattertobeconsideredbyanadhocworkingparty.
8.Itishopedthataproposalwillbereadyintimeforournextmeeting.
IIIRelativewords
Relativewordsareusedtorefertoanounmentionedbeforeandofwhichweareaddingmoreinformation.Theyareusedtojointwoormoresentencesinthewaywecall“relativesentences”.
.Iknowmanyboyswho/thatplayrugby.
Theshirtwhich/thatCarlboughthasastainonthepocket.
ThisistheboywhosemotherworksfortheBBC.
BarnstaplehasaveryoldcoveredmarketwhereIboughtsomelovelyoldplates.
Sundayisthedaywhenpeopleusuallydon’tgotowork.
Iftheverbintherelativeclauseneedsapreposition,weusuallyputitattheendoftheclause:
.Themusicwhich/thatJulielistenstoisgood.
Sometimes,theprepositioncanalsobeplacedbeforetherelativepronoun.
.MybrothermetawomanwithwhomIusedtowork.
Itwasthestreaminwhichtheelephantandthemousepreferredtoswim.
Noticethatwecannotusewhoorthatafterapreposition,fortherelativepronounnowservesastheobjectofthepreposition.
Key:
1.which/that,when,bywhich
2.onwhich
3.that
4.forwhom
5.withwhom
6.towhom
7.ofwhich
8.atwhich
IV.
1.where,where
2.what,which
3.what
4.why
5.where
6.When
7.why
8.which,which,what
Key:
1.However
2.Whatever
3.whatever
4.Wherever
5.Whichever
6.Whoever
7.However
8.whenever,whenever
Translation
I
1.不管我们的标准是什么，这个标准现在提高了，结果使你对自己没能得到更高的分数而感到失望。
2.由于缺乏更精确的衡量工具，我们至多只能把B看作一个模糊的符号，表示对你掌握某一科目的程度的判断，不过这种判断的准确性很值得怀疑。
3.人的阶段属性和教育背景不尽相同，但凡是人都是血肉之躯，都有同样的恐惧感和欢愉感，同样的痛苦感和成就感，这些共通的感受把他们连为一体；认识到这一点十分重要。
4.然而和你们毕业离校之后将要进入的那片荒蛮无路、起伏跌宕的乡野相比，在校读书就如同一条狭窄坦直、界限分明的公路。
III.Tr
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