大学英语之基础英语综合教程第二册unit7exercise.docx

1、大学英语之基础英语综合教程第二册unit7exerciseUnit 7 Letter to a B Student VocabularyI 1. essence: inner nature; indispensable quality; the most important part 本质，实质，精髓. His works reflect the essence of fascism. 他的作品反映出法西斯的本质。 2. deadly sins: sins leading to damnation (In Christianity the phrase specifically refers

2、to “the seven sins”: pride, covetousness, lust, anger, gluttony, envy, and sloth )3. misleading: making you think or act wrongly 误导，误入歧途. He deliberately misled us about the nature of their relationship. 关于他们究竟是什么关系，他故意给我们留下错误印象。 This sentence has misled us into thinking that the answer was wrong. 这

3、句话误使我们认为那个答案是错误的。4. conventional task: task traditionally required of students 传统任务. This conventional task is so easy that even a pupil can finish it. 这个传统任务是如此简单，甚至小学生都能完成。5. in short supply: far from enough 供给不足，缺乏. The water and food for disaster area is in short supply. 这些水和食物给灾区是远远不够的。Potatoes

4、 are in short supply because of the bad harvest. 由于收成不好，现在马铃薯供应不足。II 1. define2. irrelevant3. correspond to4. flunked5. rather6. makes a point of7. apt to8. go round III Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1. His vision was nearly restored to normal after the removal (re

5、move) of the tumor in his brain. 2. The major issue of the conference was how to cope with the severe consequences resulting from the climatic (climate) changes on our planet. 3. This company is in trouble and the latest plan for its salvation (salvage) has few supporters. 4. It is said in the job a

6、d that those who apply for the vacancy should have proficiency (proficient) in at least two languages.5. Dont rely on the information she gave you its pure assumption (assume) on her part. 6. The age of college students normally (norm) ranges from 18 to 22. 7. The governments inaction to curb inflat

7、ion and unemployment caused strong resentment (resent) among the public. 8. The Sichuan earthquake turned out to be the most disastrous (disaster) one the country has witnessed in the past one hundred years. 1. remove v. 消除，除去；脱掉 removable a. 可除去的，可移动的 removal n. 移动，移居；除去. 我们的家已从北京迁到上海。Our home has

8、removed from Beijing to Shanghai.他脱下帽子表示敬意。He removed his hat as a sign of reverence.2. climate n. 气候；风气 climatic a. 气候上的. 她很快就适应了这种多变的气候。She adapted herself quickly to the changeable climate.3. salvage v. 打捞，抢救 salvageable a. 可抢救的，可打捞的 salvation n. 得救，拯救；赎罪. 房子里没有什么东西可救的了。There is nothing that is s

9、alvageable in the building.天气干旱了这么久，这场雨成了农民的救星。After so much dry weather, the rain has been the farmers salvation.4. proficient a. 熟练的，精通的 proficiency n. 熟练，精通. 我可以说对唱歌很在行。Id say I am quite proficient at singing.5. assume v. 假定，设想；承担；认为 assuming conj. 假定，假如 assumption n. 假定，设想. 我以为你能讲流利的英语。I assumed

10、 you could speak English fluently.假定那是真的，我们现在该怎么办？Assuming that it is true, what should we do now?6. norm n. 标准，规范 normal a. 正常的，正规的 normality n. 常态 normalize v. 使正常，使标准化. 过了几天，洪水才退，生活恢复了正常。It was several days before the floodwater sank and life returned to normal. 我们的关系正常了。Our relationship has been

11、 normalized.7. resent v. 憎恨，生气 resentment n. 怨恨，愤恨 resentful a. 不满的 resentfulness n. 怨恨，愤恨. 我非常讨厌别人侵占我的时间。.I bitterly resent the encroachment on my time.他对所受的待遇感到忿恨。He is resentful at the way he has been treated.8. disaster n. 灾难 disastrous a. 灾难性的. 这场灾难过后，许多人既没有食物又没有住处。After the disaster there were

12、 many who wanted food and shelter.国家的经济形势非常糟糕。The economic condition of the country is disastrous.IV B D C C B D B DV. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.1. The essence of success is that theres never enough of it to go round in a zero-sum ga

13、me where one persons winning must be offset by anothers losing Synonym: balanced, compensated2. The level of your proficiency has been determined by your performance of rather conventional tasks Antonym: unconventional3. But they are important: crucially so, because they are always in short supply.A

14、ntonym: abundant, plentiful4. If you value these characteristics in yourself, you will be valued and far more so than those whose identities are measured only by little marks on a piece of paper.Synonym: evaluated, assessed5. There were a lot of us then: older than the norm, in a hurry to get our de

15、grees and move on Synonym: average6. It is important to recognize that human beings, despite differences in class and educational labeling, are fundamentally hewn from the same material and knit together by common bonds of fear and joy Synonym: essentially, basically7. But these distinctions should

16、never be taken seriously in human terms Antonym: lightly, frivolously8. Even in achievement terms, your B label does not mean that you are permanently defined as a B achievement person.Antonym: temporarilyVI Prefix Write in each space one word that has the same prefix as underlined in each given wor

17、d.1. interfere international _ 2. transcend _ translate 3. circumstances _ circumference 4. neocolonial neoclassical 5. control conform 6. antibiotic antisocial 7. unlock undo 8. outnumber outshine 1. Explanation: inter-: between . interaction, interdependent, interconnect2. Explanation: trans-: acr

18、oss or beyond . transplant, transform, transatlantic 3. Explanation: circum-: surrounding . circumcision, circumlocution, circumspect4. Explanation: neo-: new, in a later form . neonatal, neo-fascist, neo-Georgian 5. Explanation: con-: strengthen or reinforce . convince, constrain, conquer6. Explana

19、tion: anti-: opposed to, against . antiwar, antihero, antidote7. Explanation: un-: in verbs that describe the opposite of a process . unfold, unload, unbend, uncut8. Explanation: out-: greater, better, further, etc. . outgrow, outlive, outwitGrammar1. DisjunctA disjunct is a type of adverbial that e

20、xpresses information that is not considered essential to the sentence it appears in, but which is considered to be the speakers or writers attitude towards, or descriptive statement of, the propositional content of the sentence.More generally, the term disjunct can be used to refer to any sentence e

21、lement that is not fully integrated into the clausal structure of the sentence. Such elements usually appear peripherally (at the beginning or end of the sentence) and are set off from the rest of the sentence by a comma (in writing) and a pause (in speech). Honestly, I couldnt believe it.Unfortunat

22、ely, Kim has had to leave us.I Rewrite the following sentences using proper disjuncts. 1. It is hoped that the report will go out to shareholders no later than June 1.2. It is odd enough that he did not raise any objection to the plan. 3. She was so wise to spend the money. 4. It is regrettable the

23、book was not well served by its proof-readers. 5. It is strange enough that the burglar should not have taken the diamond away. 6. It is sad that one of the problems with being on public radio is that people tend to think youre being sincere all the time. Key: 1. Unfortunately, we have run out of st

24、ock.2. Hopefully, the report will go out to shareholders no later than June 1.3. Oddly enough, he did not raise any objection to the plan. 4. Rightly, you returned the money.5. Luckily, this had attracted the attention of TV network executives.6. Fortunately, all went well.7. Strangely enough, the b

25、urglar didnt take the diamond away. II 1. It was right that they protested against it. / They were right to have protested against it.2. It was foolish that the boy didnt say a single word. / It was foolish of the boy not to say a single word. / The boy was foolish not to say a single word.3. It was

26、 wise that John sent the man away. / It was wise of John to have sent the man away. / John was wise to have sent the man away.4. It was sad that the storm destroyed the entire tobacco crop.5. It was remarkable that Mrs Jensen consulted her lawyer.6. It is regrettable that James refuses to speak.7. I

27、t is lucky that my assistant has arranged for the matter to be considered by an ad hoc working party.8. It is hoped that a proposal will be ready in time for our next meeting.III Relative wordsRelative words are used to refer to a noun mentioned before and of which we are adding more information. Th

28、ey are used to join two or more sentences in the way we call “relative sentences”. . I know many boys who / that play rugby. The shirt which / that Carl bought has a stain on the pocket. This is the boy whose mother works for the BBC. Barnstaple has a very old covered market where I bought some love

29、ly old plates. Sunday is the day when people usually dont go to work. If the verb in the relative clause needs a preposition, we usually put it at the end of the clause:. The music which / that Julie listens to is good.Sometimes, the preposition can also be placed before the relative pronoun. . My b

30、rother met a woman with whom I used to work. It was the stream in which the elephant and the mouse preferred to swim.Notice that we cannot use who or that after a preposition, for the relative pronoun now serves as the object of the preposition. Key: 1. which / that, when, by which2. on which3. that

31、4. for whom 5. with whom6. to whom7. of which8. at whichIV. 1. where, where2. what, which3. what 4. why5. where6. When7. why8. which, which, whatKey: 1. However2. Whatever3. whatever4. Wherever 5. Whichever6. Whoever 7. However 8. whenever, wheneverTranslationI1. 不管我们的标准是什么，这个标准现在提高了，结果使你对自己没能得到更高的分数而感到失望。2. 由于缺乏更精确的衡量工具，我们至多只能把B看作一个模糊的符号，表示对你掌握某一科目的程度的判断，不过这种判断的准确性很值得怀疑。3. 人的阶段属性和教育背景不尽相同，但凡是人都是血肉之躯，都有同样的恐惧感和欢愉感，同样的痛苦感和成就感，这些共通的感受把他们连为一体；认识到这一点十分重要。4. 然而和你们毕业离校之后将要进入的那片荒蛮无路、起伏跌宕的乡野相比，在校读书就如同一条狭窄坦直、界限分明的公路。III. Tr