英语测试理论与实践期末AC部分整理.docx

英语测试理论与实践期末AC部分整理.docx

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英语测试理论与实践期末AC部分整理

Chapter1

SectionA

1.WhyisElleWoodsconsidereddiversebyHarvardLawSchoolAndwhyisElleWoodsadmittedbyHarvardLawSchoolWhatcanwelearnfromitaboutAmericanculture

ElleWoodsisconsidereddiversebyHarvardLawSchoolbecauseshe’safashionmajorandherpracticesoutofclassarequitedifferentfromotherstudents,whoareusuallypolitics,historyorphilosophymajors.ElleWoodswasadmittedbyHarvardLawSchoolmainlybecausetheyarelookingfordiversestudentslikeElle.Fromit,wecanlearnthatAmericaneducationalsystemencouragesthedevelopmentof,wecanalsorealizethatcultureshapespeople’sdiscourseandbehaviors,whichinfluencesthecommunicationbetweenpeople.

DiscussingroupsthestrengthsandweaknessesoftheAmericanandChineseeducationsystems.Presentyourideastothewholeclassafteryourdiscussion.

Americaneducationsystememphasizethatstudentsshouldbediverseandtakepartinalotofsocialpractice,whichcontributestotheall-rounddevelopmentofstudents.However,AmericanstudentsusuallyloseinthecompetitionwithChinesestudentsbecausetheydon’thighlightthetestskills.Bycontrast,Chineseeducationisaexam-orientededucation,whichputtheexamatfirst.Therefore,Chinesestudentsareoftengoodatexambutlackexperienceofsocialpracticeanddon’tknowhowtocommunicatewithstrangers.

WhydoChineseandAmericansdevelopdifferenteducationsystemsWhataretheculturalfactorsunderlyingthedifferences

TheculturaldifferencegeneratesthedifferenteducationsystembetweenAmericaandChina.AmericancultureischaracteristicofopeningandhighlightssocialpracticewhileChinesecultureisrigorousandhighlightstheroleofparentsandteachers.Inthissense,studentsshouldrespectforandobeytheircommandandpayallattentiontoexamintermsoffiercecompetition.

SectionC

WhydidZhaosay‘Americaisagoodplace,butit’stoodull’WhatcanwelearnaboutChineseculture

Whenhissonwenttowork,Zhaowasquitelonelyanddidn’thaveanyfriends.ThiskindoflifewasmuchdifferentfromhisfarminglifeinChina,wherehehadmanyfriendsandneighborsaround,talking,drinkingteaandplayingmabjongtogetherduringtheleisuretime.Chinesecultureisagroup-orientedculture,wherepeoplewouldliketointeractwitheachother.

WhydidmostChinesefamiliesdecidetogrowvegetablesinsteadofflowersontheirlandWhatcanwelearnaboutChineseculture

Chinesepeopleareverydiligentandthrifty.Forthem,itiswastefultouselandtoraiseflowers.ChineseculturewhichischaracteristicofcollectivismisaguidelinethatshapesChinesebehaviors.

Cultureisoftencomparedtothe‘software’ofpeople’mind.Citetheexamplesinthiscasetoexplainthesentence.

WhenZhaowasinAmerican,hewasverylonelyandhadnofriend.Thatsummerwasthehappiesttimeforhimbecausehecouldcommunicatewithhisfriends.Fromthisexample,wecanlearnthatculturegovernspeople’smindanddetermineswhethertheyarehappyorexampleisthechoiceofChinesefamiliestogrowvegetables.Fromit,wecanlearnthatculturegovernspeople’sbehaviorandprovidesguidelinesforwhattodoandwhatnottodo.

Chapter2

SectionA

Inthemovie,JonathanwantstogetSara’sphonenumber,buttheirprocessofcommunicationfails.Whatelementsgowronginthisprocess

WhenSaragivesherphonenumbertoJonathan,thepaperisblownintoatrash.Jonathantakesitasanaccident,butSararegardsitasasignoffate,whichistellinghernottodeveloptheirrelationship.Theirdifferentoutlooktolifecausesthebreakdownoftheprocessofcommunication.

Inthemovie,howmanythingsdoesSaradoinordertotestfateAndwhataretheyWhatdoyouthinkofthesebehaviors

Threethings.ThefirstoneisthatSaraasksJonathantowritedownhisphonenumberona$5billandspendsthebillinalittlegrocerystore.Thesecondoneisthatshepromisestowritedownhernumberinsideabookandsellittoausedbookstore.ThethirdoneisthatsheasksJonathantogetintoahotelwithherandproposesthatsheandJonathanpickthesamefloorintheliftrandomly.IthinkSarabelievesinfateandregardthefateasthefoundationoffeelings.

Afamousanthropologistoncesaidthat‘Cultureiscommunicationandcommunicationisculture.’DoyouagreeWhyorwhynot

Yes.Becausepeopleindifferentcultureshavedifferentcontexts,whichinfluencehowtheycommunicate.Inthiscase,Sarawithabeliefoffatecan’tcommunicatewithJonathannotbelievingfateverywell.Furthermorecommunicationmaybeculture,becausepeopleoftencommunicatewitheachotherwillhavethesameinterest,habitsandbeliefs,whichcreatethenewculture.

SectionC

WhatthemodeofcommunicationfavoredbyAsiansWhatculturalvaluesunderlieit

Asianpeopleareverycourteousandindirectinthecommunication.Becausetheyemphasizegroupharmony,theyeretolerantwhentheyareoffended.Thesecollectivismvalues,shapedbyConfucianteachings,werespreadfromChinatomanyAsiancountries.

WhatisthemodeofcommunicationfavoredbyWesternersWhatculturalvaluesunderlieit

Westernersaredirectandfrankinthecommunication.Andtheyhavesstrongsenseofprotectingtheirownrights.Individualismvaluesaretheprinciplesguidingtheirbehaviors.

同上面3

Chapter3

SectionA

Inthehearing,whydoesXuDatonginviteJohntobehislawyeralthoughJohnisnotfamiliarwithfamilylawWhatcanyoulearnfromitaboutChineseculture

XuDatonginvitedJohntobehislawyerbecauseJohnwashisbestfriend. Inhisopinion,Chineseusuallyasktheirintimaterelationshipforhelptosolvesomeintractableproblemsasthiskindofrelationshipwillmakemoreefforttohelpyou. Hence,weknowthatChinaisacollectivismsocietyandChinesepeopleusuallyemphasizeinterdependenceandcollectiverelations.

Whydoesn’tJohndefendXuDatonginthehearingWhatcanwelearnfromthisaboutChineseculture

Fromthephotos,JohnspontaneouslyconsideredthatDenniswasabusedbyhisfather,whichwasillegalinAmerica. That'swhyJohnrejectedtodefendXuDatong. Fromit,wecanseethatinAmerica,peopleareattachedimportancetothetruthandlawratherthantotheinterpersonalrelationship,whichisthemostobviouscharacteristicofanindividualismsocietyandisdifferentfromacollectivismsociety.

WhydoesXuDatongtellthejudgeheperformedGuashaonDennisWhatcanwelearnfromthisaboutChineseculture

OnChinese'view,theyoungmanisthebraceofafamilyandheshouldberesponsibleforthewholefamily. AlthoughDennis'injurywascreatedbyhisgrandfatherinfact,XuDatongrealizedthatheshouldshouldertheresponsibilityaccordingtoChinesetraditionalculture.

Whoshallweaskforhelpwhenwegetintolegaltroubles,ourrelativesandfriendsoralawyer

IwouldliketoaskthelawyersforhelpwhenIgetintolegaltheonehand,lawyersunderstandthelawsandregulationsandtheyknowhowtouselawstodebatewhileyourfriendsorrelationswhoarewillingtohelpyouarepossiblynotfamiliartolaws. Infact,lawyersareusefulindealingwithlegaltroublesthanyourfriendsandrelatives. Ontheotherhand,thefactandevidencearemoreemphasizedinmodernsociety. Whenthejusticejudgedthelegalcasesandmaketheverdicts,theywillnoticetheevidenceandtruthratherthanpersons.

SectionC

CouldyouunderstandwhyMilecalledthepoliceWhatcanwelearnaboutAmericancultureandChineseculture

MikecalledthepolicebecausehisgrandmotherbeathimwhichwasforbiddeninAmerica. InChina,'beating'isaregularandpopularwaytoeducatechildren. Itisacommonsense. 'Beating'candatebacktoancientChineseeducationwhentheteachersgaveseriouspunishmenttostudentsdoingsomethingwrong. InAmerica,'beating'isforbiddenandillegal. ParentsalwaysusemildmethodssuchaspersuasionorsuggestiontoeducatetheirAmericanchildrenrealizetheirrighttoprotectthemselves,whichisinfluencedbyfreedomandequalitypropagatedbyTheDeclarationoftheRightsofManandoftheCitizens.

Whycouldn’tXueSulingcarryoutheroriginalplanofChineselanguageteachingWhatcanwelearnLearningaboutAmericancultureandChineseculture

Chineseisverydifficult,especiallyinspeakingandmusthaveanenvironmentofChineselanguageandsubstantial,MikeandXueSulingdidn'thavetheseconditions. InChina,children’slearningismanipulatedbytheteachersandparentsandperhapsmonitoredforthewholeday. InAmerica,childrenshouldlearnhowtobeindependentoftheirparentsfromthemomenttheyareborn. Theyarrangetheirown,XueSulingcan'tcarryoutheroriginalplan. Fromit,wecouldrealizethatAmericanhighlightindividualrights,whichisthesameasotherindividualismcountriesandareas.

Chapter4

SectionA

Discusstheimageofthewhaleasasymbolofnature,andCaptainAhab’sattitudetowardsit.

Thewhaleisasymbolofthenature,isaconcreteembodimentofthepowerfulnature.Natureisrichandgenerous,itisatreasureforhumans,providinghumanswithfoodandclothes.Iflosingit,humanswilldie.Natureisalsostingy,itnevergivessomethingtohumansonitsowninitiative,humansrelyonplundering（掠夺）ittogetwhattheywant.CaptainAhabistherepresentativeofhuman.Heisapersonwithstrengthandperseveranceaswellascraziness,selfishandarrogance.Hefightsagainstthewhaleparalleltothebehaviorthatpeopleconquerthenature.Forhim,themissionisholyandhistoric.Infact,humanareconfusedaquestionwhetherthenatureisfriendorenemy,buttheconflictbetweenhumanandnatureisinevitable.

SectionC

Wha