oracle rac linux.docx

oracle rac linux.docx

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oracleraclinux

Contents

Overview

Background

PartI:

InstallLinux

PartII:

ConfigureLinuxforOracle

PartIII:

PreparetheSharedDisks

PartIV:

InstallOracleRACSoftware

Conclusion

Overview

Thisguideprovidesawalkthroughofinstalling anOracleDatabase10gRelease2RACdatabase oncommodityhardwareforthepurposeofevaluation. IfyouarenewtoLinuxand/orOracle,thisguideisforyou.ItstartswiththebasicsandwalksyouthroughaninstallationofOracleDatabase10gRelease2RACfromthebaremetalup.

Thisguidewilltaketheapproachofofferingtheeasiestpaths,withthefewestnumberofsteps,foraccomplishingatask.Thisapproachoftenmeansmakingconfigurationchoicesthatwouldbeinappropriateforanythingotherthananevaluation.Forthatreason,thisguideisnotappropriateforbuildingproduction-qualityenvironments,nordoesitreflectbestpractices.

ThethreeLinuxdistributionscertifiedforOracle 10gRelease2RACare:

∙RedHatEnterpriseLinux 4（RHEL4）

∙RedHatEnterpriseLinux3（RHEL3）

∙NovellSUSELinuxEnterpriseServer9

WewillcoverbothoftheLinux2.6kernel-baseddistributions:

RHEL4andSLES9. RHEL3isnotcoveredhere. 

Thisguideisdividedintofourparts:

PartIcoverstheinstallationoftheLinuxoperatingsystem,PartIIcoversconfiguringLinuxforOracle,PartIIIdiscussestheessentialsofpartitioningshareddisk,andPartIVcoversinstallationoftheOraclesoftware.

ARelease1versionofthisguideisalsoavailable.

Background

TheillustrationbelowshowsthemajorcomponentsofanOracleRAC10gRelease2configuration.Nodesintheclusteraretypicallyseparateservers（hosts）.

Hardware

Atthehardwarelevel,eachnodeinaRACclustersharesthreethings:

1.Accesstoshareddiskstorage

2.Connectiontoaprivatenetwork

3.Accesstoapublicnetwork.

SharedDiskStorage

OracleRACreliesonashareddiskarchitecture.Thedatabasefiles,onlineredologs,andcontrolfilesforthedatabasemustbeaccessibletoeachnodeinthecluster.TheshareddisksalsostoretheOracleClusterRegistryandVotingDisk（discussedlater）.Thereareavarietyofwaystoconfiguresharedstorageincludingdirectattacheddisks（typicallySCSIovercopperorfiber）,StorageAreaNetworks（SAN）,andNetworkAttachedStorage（NAS）.

PrivateNetwork

Eachclusternodeisconnectedtoallothernodesviaaprivatehigh-speednetwork,alsoknownastheclusterinterconnectorhigh-speedinterconnect（HSI）.ThisnetworkisusedbyOracle'sCacheFusiontechnologytoeffectivelycombinethephysicalmemory（RAM）ineachhostintoasinglecache.OracleCacheFusionallowsdatastoredinthecacheofoneOracleinstancetobeaccessedbyanyotherinstancebytransferringitacrosstheprivatenetwork.Italsopreservesdataintegrityandcachecoherencybytransmittinglockingandothersynchronizationinformationacrossclusternodes.

TheprivatenetworkistypicallybuiltwithGigabitEthernet,butforhigh-volumeenvironments,manyvendorsofferproprietarylow-latency,high-bandwidthsolutionsspecificallydesignedforOracleRAC.LinuxalsooffersameansofbondingmultiplephysicalNICsintoasinglevirtualNIC（notcoveredhere）toprovideincreasedbandwidthandavailability.

PublicNetwork

Tomaintainhighavailability,eachclusternodeisassignedavirtualIPaddress（VIP）.Intheeventofnodefailure,thefailednode'sIPaddresscanbereassignedtoasurvivingnodetoallowapplicationstocontinueaccessingthedatabasethroughthesameIPaddress.

ConfiguringtheClusterHardware

TherearemanydifferentwaystoconfigurethehardwareforanOracleRACcluster.OurconfigurationhereusestwoserverswithtwoCPUs,1GBRAM,twoGigabitEthernetNICs,adualchannelSCSIhostbusadapter（HBA）,andeightSCSIdisksconnectedviacoppertoeachhost（fourdisksperchannel）.ThediskswereconfiguredasJustaBunchOfDisks（JBOD）—thatis,withnohardwareRAIDcontroller.

Software

Atthesoftwarelevel,eachnodeinaRACclusterneeds:

1.Anoperatingsystem

2.OracleClusterware

3.OracleRACsoftware

4.AnOracleAutomaticStorageManagement（ASM）instance（optional）.

OperatingSystem

OracleRACissupportedonmanydifferentoperatingsystems.ThisguidefocusesonLinux.TheoperatingsystemmustbeproperlyconfiguredfortheOS--includinginstallingthenecessarysoftwarepackages,settingkernelparameters,configuringthenetwork,establishinganaccountwiththepropersecurity,configuringdiskdevices,andcreatingdirectorystructures.All thesetasksaredescribedinthisguide.

OracleClusterReadyServicesbecomesOracleClusterware

OracleRAC10gRelease1introducedOracleClusterReadyServices（CRS）,aplatform-independentsetofsystemservicesforclusterenvironments.InRelease2,OraclehasrenamedthisproducttoOracleClusterware.

Clusterwaremaintainstwofiles:

theOracleClusterRegistry（OCR）andtheVotingDisk.TheOCRandtheVotingDiskmustresideonshareddisksaseitherrawpartitionsorfilesinaclusterfilesystem.ThisguidedescribescreatingtheOCRandVotingDisksusingaclusterfilesystem（OCFS2）andwalksthroughtheCRSinstallation.

OracleRACSoftware

OracleRAC10gRelease2softwareistheheartoftheRACdatabaseandmustbeinstalledoneachclusternode.Fortunately,theOracleUniversalInstaller（OUI）doesmostoftheworkofinstallingtheRACsoftwareoneachnode.YouonlyhavetoinstallRACononenode—OUIdoestherest.

OracleAutomaticStorageManagement（ASM）

ASMisanewfeatureinOracleDatabase10gthatprovidestheservicesofafilesystem,logicalvolumemanager,andsoftwareRAIDinaplatform-independentmanner.OracleASMcanstripeandmirroryourdisks,allowdiskstobeaddedorremovedwhilethedatabaseisunderload,andautomaticallybalanceI/Otoremove"hotspots."ItalsosupportsdirectandasynchronousI/OandimplementstheOracleDataManagerAPI（simplifiedI/Osystemcallinterface）introducedinOracle9i.

OracleASMisnotageneral-purposefilesystemandcanbeusedonlyforOracledatafiles,redologs,controlfiles,andtheRMANFlashRecoveryArea.FilesinASMcanbecreatedandnamedautomaticallybythedatabase（byuseoftheOracleManagedFilesfeature）ormanuallybytheDBA.BecausethefilesstoredinASMarenotaccessibletotheoperatingsystem,theonlywaytoperformbackupandrecoveryoperationsondatabasesthatuseASMfilesisthroughRecoveryManager（RMAN）.

ASMisimplementedasaseparateOracleinstancethatmustbeupifotherdatabasesaretobeabletoaccessit.MemoryrequirementsforASMarelight:

only64MBformostsystems.InOracleRACenvironments,anASMinstancemustberunningoneachclusternode.

PartI:

InstallingLinux

InstallandConfigureLinuxasdescribedinthefirstguideinthisseries.YouwillneedthreeIPaddressesforeachserver:

onefortheprivatenetwork,oneforthepublicnetwork,andoneforthevirtualIPaddress.Usetheoperatingsystem'snetworkconfigurationtoolstoassigntheprivateandpublicnetworkaddresses.DonotassignthevirtualIPaddressusingtheoperatingsystem'snetworkconfigurationtools;thiswillbedonebytheOracleVirtualIPConfigurationAssistant（VIPCA）duringOracleRACsoftwareinstallation.

RedHatEnterpriseLinux4（RHEL4）

RequiredKernel:

2.6.9-11.EL orhigher

Verifykernelversion:

#uname-r

2.6.9-22.ELsmp

Otherrequiredpackageversions（orhigher）:

binutils-2.15.92.0.2-10.EL4

compat-db-4.1.25-9

control-center-2.8.0-12

gcc-3.4.3-9.EL4

gcc-c++-3.4.3-9.EL4

glibc-2.3.4-2

glibc-common-2.3.4-2

gnome-libs-1.4.1.2.90-44.1

libstdc++-3.4.3-9.EL4

libstdc++-devel-3.4.3-9.EL4

make-3.80-5

pdksh-5.2.14-30

sysstat-5.0.5-1

xscreensaver-4.18-5.rhel4.2

Verifyinstalledpackages:

#rpm-qbinutilscompat-dbcontrol-centergccgcc-c++glibcglibc-common\

gnome-libslibstdc++libstdc++-develmakepdkshsysstatxscreensaver

binutils-2.15.92.0.2-15

compat-db-4.1.25-9

control-center-2.8.0-12.rhel4.2

gcc-3.4.4-2

gcc-c++-3.4.4-2

glibc-2.3.4-2.13

glibc-common-2.3.4-2.13

gnome-libs-1.4.1.2.90-44.1

libstdc++-3.4.4-2

libstdc++-devel-3.4.4-2

make-3.80-5

pdksh-5.2.14-30.3

sysstat-5.0.5-1

xscreensaver-4.18-5.rhel4.9

SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer9（SLES9）

RequiredPackageSets:

BasisRuntimeSystem

YaST

GraphicalBaseSystem

LinuxTools

KDEDesktopEnvironment

C/C++CompilerandTools（notselectedbydefault）

Donotinstall:

AuthenticationServer（NIS,LDAP,Kerberos）

RequiredKernel:

2.6.5-7.97 orhigher

Verifykernelversion:

#uname-r

2.6.5-7.97-smp

Otherrequiredpackageversions（orhigher）:

gcc-3.3

gcc-c++-3.3.3-43

glibc-2.3.3-98.28

libaio-0.3.98-18

libaio-devel-0.3.98-18

make-3.80

openmotif-libs-2.2.2-519.1

Verifyinstalledpackages:

#rpm-qgccgcc-c++glibclibaiolibaio-develmakeopenmotif-libs

gcc-3.3.3-43.24

gcc-c++-3.3.3-43.24

libaio-0.3.98-18.3

libaio-devel-0.3.98-18.3

make-3.80-184.1

openmotif-libs-2.2.2-519.1

PartII:

ConfigureLinuxforOracle

CreatetheOracleGroupsandUserAccount

Nextwe'llcreatetheLinuxgroupsanduseraccountthatwillbeusedtoinstallandmaintaintheOracle10gRelease2software.Theuseraccountwillbecalled'oracle'andthegroupswillbe'oinstall'and'dba.'Executethefollowingcommandsasrootononeclusternodeonly:

/usr/sbin/groupaddoinstall

/usr/sbin/groupadddba

/usr/sbin/useradd-m-goinstall-Gdbaoracle

idoracle

Ex:

#/usr/sbin/groupaddoinstall

#/usr/sbin/groupadddba

#/usr/sbin/useradd-m-goinstall-Gdbaoracle

#idoracle

uid=501（oracle）gid=501（oinstall）groups=501（oinstall）,502（dba）

TheUserIDandGroupIDsmustbethesameonallclusternodes.Usingtheinformationfromtheidor