oracle rac linux.docx

1、oracle rac linuxContentsOverviewBackgroundPart I: Install LinuxPart II: Configure Linux for OraclePart III: Prepare the Shared DisksPart IV: Install Oracle RAC SoftwareConclusion Overview This guide provides a walkthrough of installingan Oracle Database 10g Release 2 RAC databaseon commodity hardwar

2、e for the purpose of evaluation. If you are new to Linux and/or Oracle, this guide is for you. It starts with the basics and walks you through an installation of Oracle Database 10g Release 2 RAC from the bare metal up. This guide will take the approach of offering the easiest paths, with the fewest

3、 number of steps, for accomplishing a task. This approach often means making configuration choices that would be inappropriate for anything other than an evaluation. For that reason, this guide is not appropriate for building production-quality environments, nor does it reflect best practices. The t

4、hree Linux distributions certified for Oracle10g Release 2 RAC are: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 (RHEL4) Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 (RHEL3) Novell SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9 We will cover both of the Linux 2.6 kernel-based distributions: RHEL4 and SLES9. RHEL3 is not covered here. This guide is di

5、vided into four parts: Part I covers the installation of the Linux operating system, Part II covers configuring Linux for Oracle, Part III discusses the essentials of partitioning shared disk, and Part IV covers installation of the Oracle software. A Release 1 version of this guide is also available

6、.Background The illustration below shows the major components of an Oracle RAC 10g Release 2 configuration. Nodes in the cluster are typically separate servers (hosts). HardwareAt the hardware level, each node in a RAC cluster shares three things: 1. Access to shared disk storage 2. Connection to a

7、private network 3. Access to a public network. Shared Disk StorageOracle RAC relies on a shared disk architecture. The database files, online redo logs, and control files for the database must be accessible to each node in the cluster. The shared disks also store the Oracle Cluster Registry and Voti

8、ng Disk (discussed later). There are a variety of ways to configure shared storage including direct attached disks (typically SCSI over copper or fiber), Storage Area Networks (SAN), and Network Attached Storage (NAS). Private NetworkEach cluster node is connected to all other nodes via a private hi

9、gh-speed network, also known as the cluster interconnect or high-speed interconnect (HSI). This network is used by Oracles Cache Fusion technology to effectively combine the physical memory (RAM) in each host into a single cache. Oracle Cache Fusion allows data stored in the cache of one Oracle inst

10、ance to be accessed by any other instance by transferring it across the private network. It also preserves data integrity and cache coherency by transmitting locking and other synchronization information across cluster nodes. The private network is typically built with Gigabit Ethernet, but for high

11、-volume environments, many vendors offer proprietary low-latency, high-bandwidth solutions specifically designed for Oracle RAC. Linux also offers a means of bonding multiple physical NICs into a single virtual NIC (not covered here) to provide increased bandwidth and availability. Public NetworkTo

12、maintain high availability, each cluster node is assigned a virtual IP address (VIP). In the event of node failure, the failed nodes IP address can be reassigned to a surviving node to allow applications to continue accessing the database through the same IP address. Configuring the Cluster Hardware

13、There are many different ways to configure the hardware for an Oracle RAC cluster. Our configuration here uses two servers with two CPUs, 1GB RAM, two Gigabit Ethernet NICs, a dual channel SCSI host bus adapter (HBA), and eight SCSI disks connected via copper to each host (four disks per channel). T

14、he disks were configured as Just a Bunch Of Disks (JBOD)that is, with no hardware RAID controller. SoftwareAt the software level, each node in a RAC cluster needs: 1. An operating system 2. Oracle Clusterware 3. Oracle RAC software 4. An Oracle Automatic Storage Management (ASM) instance (optional).

15、 Operating SystemOracle RAC is supported on many different operating systems. This guide focuses on Linux. The operating system must be properly configured for the OS-including installing the necessary software packages, setting kernel parameters, configuring the network, establishing an account wit

16、h the proper security, configuring disk devices, and creating directory structures. Allthese tasks are described in this guide. Oracle Cluster Ready Services becomes Oracle ClusterwareOracle RAC 10g Release 1 introduced Oracle Cluster Ready Services (CRS), a platform-independent set of system servic

17、es for cluster environments. In Release 2, Oracle has renamed this product to Oracle Clusterware. Clusterware maintains two files: the Oracle Cluster Registry (OCR) and the Voting Disk. The OCR and the Voting Disk must reside on shared disks as either raw partitions or files in a cluster filesystem.

18、 This guide describes creating the OCR and Voting Disks using a cluster filesystem (OCFS2) and walks through the CRS installation. Oracle RAC SoftwareOracle RAC 10g Release 2 software is the heart of the RAC database and must be installed on each cluster node. Fortunately, the Oracle Universal Insta

19、ller (OUI) does most of the work of installing the RAC software on each node. You only have to install RAC on one nodeOUI does the rest. Oracle Automatic Storage Management (ASM)ASM is a new feature in Oracle Database 10g that provides the services of a filesystem, logical volume manager, and softwa

20、re RAID in a platform-independent manner. Oracle ASM can stripe and mirror your disks, allow disks to be added or removed while the database is under load, and automatically balance I/O to remove hot spots. It also supports direct and asynchronous I/O and implements the Oracle Data Manager API (simp

21、lified I/O system call interface) introduced in Oracle9i. Oracle ASM is not a general-purpose filesystem and can be used only for Oracle data files, redo logs, control files, and the RMAN Flash Recovery Area. Files in ASM can be created and named automatically by the database (by use of the Oracle M

22、anaged Files feature) or manually by the DBA. Because the files stored in ASM are not accessible to the operating system, the only way to perform backup and recovery operations on databases that use ASM files is through Recovery Manager (RMAN). ASM is implemented as a separate Oracle instance that m

23、ust be up if other databases are to be able to access it. Memory requirements for ASM are light: only 64MB for most systems. In Oracle RAC environments, an ASM instance must be running on each cluster node. Part I: Installing Linux Install and Configure Linux as described in the first guide in this

24、series. You will need three IP addresses for each server: one for the private network, one for the public network, and one for the virtual IP address. Use the operating systems network configuration tools to assign the private and public network addresses. Do not assign the virtual IP address using

25、the operating systems network configuration tools; this will be done by the Oracle Virtual IP Configuration Assistant (VIPCA) during Oracle RAC software installation. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 (RHEL4) Required Kernel:2.6.9-11.ELor higher Verify kernel version: # uname -r2.6.9-22.ELsmpOther required

26、 package versions (or higher):binutils-2.15.92.0.2-10.EL4compat-db-4.1.25-9control-center-2.8.0-12gcc-3.4.3-9.EL4gcc-c+-3.4.3-9.EL4glibc-2.3.4-2glibc-common-2.3.4-2gnome-libs-1.4.1.2.90-44.1libstdc+-3.4.3-9.EL4libstdc+-devel-3.4.3-9.EL4make-3.80-5pdksh-5.2.14-30sysstat-5.0.5-1xscreensaver-4.18-5.rhe

27、l4.2Verify installed packages: # rpm -q binutils compat-db control-center gcc gcc-c+ glibc glibc-common gnome-libs libstdc+ libstdc+-devel make pdksh sysstat xscreensaverbinutils-2.15.92.0.2-15compat-db-4.1.25-9control-center-2.8.0-12.rhel4.2gcc-3.4.4-2gcc-c+-3.4.4-2glibc-2.3.4-2.13glibc-common-2.3.

28、4-2.13gnome-libs-1.4.1.2.90-44.1libstdc+-3.4.4-2libstdc+-devel-3.4.4-2make-3.80-5pdksh-5.2.14-30.3sysstat-5.0.5-1xscreensaver-4.18-5.rhel4.9SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9 (SLES9) Required Package Sets:Basis Runtime SystemYaSTGraphical Base SystemLinux ToolsKDE Desktop EnvironmentC/C+ Compiler and To

29、ols (not selected by default) Do not install:Authentication Server (NIS, LDAP, Kerberos)Required Kernel:2.6.5-7.97or higher Verify kernel version: # uname -r2.6.5-7.97-smpOther required package versions (or higher):gcc-3.3gcc-c+-3.3.3-43glibc-2.3.3-98.28libaio-0.3.98-18libaio-devel-0.3.98-18make-3.8

30、0openmotif-libs-2.2.2-519.1Verify installed packages: # rpm -q gcc gcc-c+ glibc libaio libaio-devel make openmotif-libsgcc-3.3.3-43.24gcc-c+-3.3.3-43.24libaio-0.3.98-18.3libaio-devel-0.3.98-18.3make-3.80-184.1openmotif-libs-2.2.2-519.1Part II: Configure Linux for Oracle Create the Oracle Groups and

31、User AccountNext well create the Linux groups and user account that will be used to install and maintain the Oracle 10g Release 2 software. The user account will be called oracle and the groups will be oinstall and dba. Execute the following commands as root on one cluster node only: /usr/sbin/group

32、add oinstall/usr/sbin/groupadd dba/usr/sbin/useradd -m -g oinstall -G dba oracleid oracleEx: # /usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall# /usr/sbin/groupadd dba# /usr/sbin/useradd -m -g oinstall -G dba oracle# id oracleuid=501(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(dba)The User ID and Group IDs must be the same on all cluster nodes. Using the information from the id or