国际会计准则40外文翻译.docx

国际会计准则40外文翻译.docx

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国际会计准则40外文翻译

外文文献翻译

一、外文原文

原文：

InternationalAccountingStandard40

InvestmentPropertyScope

1ThisStandardshallbeappliedintherecognition,measurementanddisclosureofinvestmentproperty.

2Investmentpropertyisheldtoearnrentalsorforcapitalappreciationorboth.Therefore,aninvestmentpropertygeneratescashflowslargelyindependentlyoftheotherassetsheldbyanentity.Thisdistinguishesinvestmentpropertyfromowner-occupiedproperty.Theproductionorsupplyofgoodsorservices（ortheuseofpropertyforadministrativepurposes）generatescashflowsthatareattributablenotonlytoproperty,butalsotootherassetsusedintheproductionorsupplyprocess.IAS3Property,PlantandEquipmentappliestoowner-occupiedproperty.

Recognition

15Investmentpropertyshallberecognisedasanassetwhen,andonlywhen:

（a）itisprobablethatthefutureeconomicbenefitsthatareassociatedwiththeinvestmentpropertywillflowtotheentity;and

（b）thecostoftheinvestmentpropertycanbemeasuredreliably.

Measurementatrecognition

4Aninvestmentpropertyshallbemeasuredinitiallyatitscost.Transactioncostsshallbeincludedintheinitialmeasurement.

5Thecostofapurchasedinvestmentpropertycomprisesitspurchasepriceandanydirectlyattributableexpenditure.Directlyattributableexpenditureincludes,forexample,professionalfeesforlegalservices,propertytransfertaxesandothertransactioncosts.

Measurementafterrecognition

6ThisStandardrequiresallentitiestodeterminethefairvalueofinvestmentproperty,forthepurposeofeithermeasurement（iftheentityusesthefairvaluemodel）ordisclosure（ifitusesthecostmodel）.Anentityisencouraged,butnotrequired,todeterminethefairvalueofinvestmentpropertyonthebasisofavaluationbyanindependentvaluerwhoholdsarecognisedandrelevantprofessionalqualificationandhasrecentexperienceinthelocationandcategoryoftheinvestmentpropertybeingvalued.

Fairvaluemodel

7Afterinitialrecognition,anentitythatchoosesthefairvaluemodelshallmeasureallofitsinvestmentpropertyatfairvalue,exceptinthecasesdescribedinparagraph47.

8Againorlossarisingfromachangeinthefairvalueofinvestmentpropertyshallberecognisedinprofitorlossfortheperiodinwhichitarises.

9Thefairvalueofinvestmentpropertyisthepriceatwhichthepropertycouldbeexchangedbetweenknowledgeable,willingpartiesinanarm’slengthtransaction（seeparagraph5）.Fairvaluespecificallyexcludesanestimatedpriceinflatedordeflatedbyspecialtermsorcircumstancessuchasatypicalfinancing,saleandleasebackarrangements,specialconsiderationsorconcessionsgrantedbyanyoneassociatedwiththesale.

10Anentitydeterminesfairvaluewithoutanydeductionfortransactioncostsitmayincuronsaleorotherdisposal.

11Thefairvalueofinvestmentpropertyshallreflectmarketconditionsattheendofthereportingperiod.ECstaffconsolidatedversionasof16September2009,EN–EUIAS40FORINFORMATIONPURPOSESONLY

12Fairvalueistime-specificasofagivendate.Becausemarketconditionsmaychange,theamountreportedasfairvaluemaybeincorrectorinappropriateifestimatedasofanothertime.Thedefinitionoffairvaluealsoassumessimultaneousexchangeandcompletionofthecontractforsalewithoutanyvariationinpricethatmightbemadeinanarm’slengthtransactionbetweenknowledgeable,willingpartiesifexchangeandcompletionarenotsimultaneous.

13Thefairvalueofinvestmentpropertyreflects,amongotherthings,rentalincomefromcurrentleasesandreasonableandsupportableassumptionsthatrepresentwhatknowledgeable,willingpartieswouldassumeaboutrentalincomefromfutureleasesinthelightofcurrentconditions.Italsoreflects,onasimilarbasis,anycashoutflows（includingrentalpaymentsandotheroutflows）thatcouldbeexpectedinrespectoftheproperty.Someofthoseoutflowsarereflectedintheliabilitywhereasothersrelatetooutflowsthatarenotrecognisedinthefinancialstatementsuntilalaterdate（egperiodicpaymentssuchascontingentrents）.

14Thedefinitionoffairvaluerefersto‘knowledgeable,willingparties’.Inthiscontext,‘knowledgeable’meansthatboththewillingbuyerandthewillingsellerarereasonablyinformedaboutthenatureandcharacteristicsoftheinvestmentproperty,itsactualandpotentialuses,andmarketconditionsattheendofthereportingperiod.Awillingbuyerismotivated,butnotcompelled,tobuy.Thisbuyerisneitherover-eagernordeterminedtobuyatanyprice.Theassumedbuyerwouldnotpayahigherpricethanamarketcomprisingknowledgeable,willingbuyersandsellerswouldrequire.tosellatanyprice,noronepreparedtoholdoutforapricenotconsideredreasonableincurrentmarketconditions.Thewillingsellerismotivatedtoselltheinvestmentpropertyatmarkettermsforthebestpriceobtainable.Thefactualcircumstancesoftheactualinvestmentpropertyownerarenotapartofthisconsiderationbecausethewillingsellerisahypotheticalowner（egawillingsellerwouldnottakeintoaccounttheparticulartaxcircumstancesoftheactualinvestmentpropertyowner）.

15Thedefinitionoffairvaluereferstoanarm’slengthtransaction.Anarm’slengthtransactionisonebetweenpartiesthatdonothaveaparticularorspecialrelationshipthatmakespricesoftransactionsuncharacteristicofmarketconditions.Thetransactionispresumedtobebetweenunrelatedparties,eachactingindependently.

16Thebestevidenceoffairvalueisgivenbycurrentpricesinanactivemarketforsimilarpropertyinthesamelocationandconditionandsubjecttosimilarleaseandothercontracts.Anentitytakescaretoidentifyanydifferencesinthenature,locationorconditionoftheproperty,orinthecontractualtermsoftheleasesandothercontractsrelatingtotheproperty.

17Intheabsenceofcurrentpricesinanactivemarketofthekinddescribedinparagraph45,anentityconsidersinformationfromavarietyofsources,including:

（a）currentpricesinanactivemarketforpropertiesofdifferentnature,conditionorlocation（orsubjecttodifferentleaseorothercontracts）,adjustedtoreflectthosedifferences;

（b）recentpricesofsimilarpropertiesonlessactivemarkets,withadjustmentstoreflectanychangesineconomicconditionssincethedateofthetransactionsthatoccurredatthoseprices;and

（c）discountedcashflowprojectionsbasedonreliableestimatesoffuturecashflows,supportedbythetermsofanyexistingleaseandothercontractsand（whenpossible）byexternalevidencesuchas

currentmarketrentsforsimilarpropertiesinthesamelocationandcondition,andusingdiscountratesthatreflectcurrentmarketassessmentsoftheuncertaintyintheamountandtimingofthecash

flows.

18Insomecases,thevarioussourceslistedinthepreviousparagraphmaysuggestdifferentconclusionsaboutthefairvalueofaninvestmentproperty.Anentityconsidersthereasonsforthosedifferences,inordertoarriveatthemostreliableestimateoffairvaluewithinarangeofreasonablefairvalueestimates.ECstaffconsolidatedversionasof16September2009,EN–EUIAS40FORINFORMATIONPURPOSESONLY

19Inexceptionalcases,thereisclearevidencewhenanentityfirstacquiresaninvestmentproperty（orwhenanexistingpropertyfirstbecomesinvestmentpropertyafterachangeinuse）thatthevariabilityintherangeofreasonablefairvalueestimateswillbesogreat,andtheprobabilitiesofthevariousoutcomessodifficulttoassess,thattheusefulnessofasingleestimateoffairvalueisnegated.Thismayindicatethatthefairvalueofthepropertywillnotbereliablydeterminableonacontinuingbasis（seeparagraph47）.

20Fairvaluediffersfromvalueinuse,asdefinedinIAS36ImpairmentofAssets.Fairvaluereflectstheknowledgeandestimatesofknowledgeable,willingbuyersandsellers.Incontrast,valueinusereflectstheentity’sestimates,includingtheeffectsoffactorsthatmaybespecifictotheentityandnotapplicabletoentitiesingeneral.Forexample,fairvaluedoesnotreflectanyofthefollowingfactorstotheextentthattheywouldnotbegenerallyavailabletoknowledgeable,willingbuyersandsellers:

（a）additionalvaluederivedfromthecreationofaportfolioofpropertiesindifferentlocations;

（b）synergiesbetweeninvestmentpropertyandotherassets;

（c）legalrightsorlegalrestrictionsthatarespecificonlytothecurrentowner;and

（d）taxbenefitsortaxburdensthatarespecifictothecurrentowner.

21Indeterminingthecarryingamountofinvestmentpropertyunderthefairvaluemodel,anentitydoesnotdouble-countassetsorliabilitiesthatarerecognisedasseparateassetsorliabilities.Forexample:

（a）equipmentsuchasliftsorair-conditioningisoftenanintegralpartofabuildingandisgenerallyincludedinthefairvalueoftheinvestmentproperty,ratherthanrecognisedseparatelyasproperty,plantandequipment.

（b）ifanofficeisleasedonafurnishedbasis,thefairvalueoftheofficegenerallyincludesthefairvalueofthefurniture,becausetherentalincomerelatestothefurnishedoffice.Whenfurnitureisincludedinthefairvalueofinvestmentproperty,anentitydoesnotrecognisethatfurnitureasaseparateasset.

（c）thefairvalueofinvestmentpropertyexcludesprepaidoraccruedoperatingleaseincome,becausetheentityrecognisesitasaseparateliabilityorasset.

22Thefairvalueofinvestmentpropertydoesnotreflectfuturecapitalexpenditurethatwillimproveorenhancethepropertyanddoesnotreflecttherelatedfuturebenefitsfromthisfutureexpen