英语四级模拟训练题三附答案.docx

英语四级模拟训练题三附答案.docx

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英语四级模拟训练题三附答案

ModelTest3

PartIWriting

Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealetter.SupposeyouareWangLingwhoisgoingtoprovideaccommodationtoNancy,anexchangestudentfromAustralia.Writetohertoshowyourwelcomeandgiveherabriefintroductionofthelivesinyourcommunity.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:

1.对她到这个城市学习表示欢迎。

2．简要介绍你为她准备的食宿安排。

3．提醒她来之前要注意的事项。

PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）

Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswersheet1.

NewEnergySourcestotheRescue

Aspetrolpricesrise,policymakersandventurecapitalistsaresuddenlyembracingalternatives.Willthetrendlast?

Reasonsforthechange

Inhislongcareerincountrymusic,WillieNelsonhasalwaysbeenontheleftsideofallthings.Now,at73,heisinthevanguard.Mr.Nelson,wholivesonabigfarmoutsideAustin,powershiscarwiththehelpofvegetableoil.Hehasevencreatedhisownlineofthiscleaner-burningdieselblend（混合柴油）.Hecalledit"BioWillie",whichisdistributedatseveralsitesinTexasandisgoingnational,too.Mr.NelsonarguesthatitwillhelpAmerica'sfarmers,truckersandtheenvironmentwhile,atthesametime,reducingdependenceonforeignpetroleum.

WithhighpetrolpricescausingtroublesinWashington,D.C.,everyoneistryingtofindoutalternatives.Soyabeans,canola（rapeseed）,switchgrass,anything,isbeinginvestigated~EvenGeorgeBush,aformeroilmanwhosupportsloyallytheindustrialdevelopment,calledlastweekformoreresearchintoethanol（酒精）andbio-diesel-twokeytypesofbio-fuels（生物燃料）andboldlypredictedthat"ethanolwillreplacegasolineconsumption".JimWoolsey,aformerheadoftheCIAnotesthatdevelopingbio-fuelsisinthenationalinterest,sinceitishightimeAmericastoppeditsrelianceonpetroleumfromforeigncountriesandsostoppedfundingsomefanaticalreligiousorganizations.

Future:

convenienceandpains

Thefederalgovernmentisbeginningtoformulatepolicytopromotetheuseofbio-fuels.InMontana,HawaiiandMinnesotaallpetrolmustcontain10%ethanol,whileWashingtonStaterequirespetrolanddieseltocontain2%renewablefuelbyvolume.Forbothethanolandbio-diesel,Congresshasrequiredanear-doublingofproductionby2012.Bothblends,notesMr.Woolseyapprovingly,needlittlenewinfrastructuretosupportthem（unlike,say,hydrogenfuel-cellcars）.Ethanolcanbedispensedatregularpetrolstationsandworks,withinlimits,intoday'scars.Bio-dieselfuellingstations,suchasthoseforBioWillie,arepoppinguparoundAmerica.

UnfortunatelyforMr.Bush'spoliticalfortunes,abio-fuelsrevolutionwillnothappenintimetoeaseAmerica'scurrentpainatthepump.Rightnow,ethanol--aclean-burning,high-octanealcoholtypicallyderivedfromcominAmerica,orsugarinBrazil--accountsforjust3%ofAmerica'spetroluse,thoughAmericancarscanhandlea10%ethanolblend.Bio-dieselisusedevenless.

Moreover,ethanolistypicallyblendedwithregularfuel,andawidespreadshifttoanethanolblend（aresultofanotherprovisionoflastyear'senergybill）hascontributedtosomepetrolshortagesinTexasandelsewhere,asthesupplychaincreaksintolife.Skepticsarguethatgrowingcropsforethanolwillbummorepetrolthanitwillsave.

Butothersarepersuaded,despitethepainsatthebeginningstage."IfIhadtobet$100,I'dbetonbio-fuels,"saysHunterLovins,co-authorof"NaturalCapitalism",addingthatshewouldfavorthemevenoverotherrenewableenergysources.Richinvestorsalsobelieveasgrowth.RichardBranson,aBritishentrepreneurwhoheadstheVirginconglomerate,recentlyannouncedplanstoinvestupto$400inethanolproduction.

Growingproduction?

Canproductionbescaledup?

Arecentbioengineeringbreakthroughmeansthatitshouldsoonbepossibletoconvertplantproductsfarmoreefficientlytoethanol.Thislendspromisetocellulosicethanol—aproductthatcanbemadefromagricultural"waste",suchascorncobsorweeds,whichiswidelyavailable.（Oncecornkernelsandsugar-canesaphavebeentakenawayforsugar,theyleaveplentyofstalksandleavesbehind.）Themostpromisingsourceofcellulosicethanol,sayexperts,isswitchgrass,anativeAmericangrassthatgrowsnaturallyintheprairieheartlandandthrivesinthepoorMississippiDelta.

Bio-diesel,asyet,isasmallerenterprise.Itsplantsrequirelesscapitalthanthoseforethanol.Itisgrowingfast—salesvolumetripled,to75mgallons,between2004and2005--butthatisstilladropinthetankerofthe60billiongallonsofdieselthatAmericansconsumeeachyear.Muchofthestuffismadefromsoyabeans,andJeffPlowmanofAustinBio-fuels,atinystart-up,notesthatsoyabeanfuturesaretrackingthepriceofheatingoilforthefirsttime.InTexas,Mr.Plowmanalsoseespotentialforcottonseedoil,abyproductofcottonproduction.Elsewhere,thereiseventalkofproducingbio-dieselfrompigmanure.

Troublesarestilloccurring,havingpushedbacktheenthusiasm.InMinnesota,arequirementtohave2%ofdieselmadefromsoyawassuspendedlastyearwhentruckersbegantocomplainofcloggedfilters,thoughitwasfairlyquicklyreinstated.

Bio-fuelsandAmericanfarms

Couldbio-fuels,inadditiontoeasingthestrainontheenvironmentandonwallets,helptosaveAmericanfarms?

Somepolicymakerscertainlyholdoutthisdream,particularlyintheMidwest,whereethanolandbio-dieselproductionisconcentrated.Montana'sDemocraticgovernor,BrianSchweitzer,whousesbio-diesel（madeforexamplefromcanola）inhisownVolkswagenJetta,imaginedwithoptimismaboutatechnologythathehopes"willjump-startruralAmerica".HepointsoutthatAmericaexportsmassesofwheat,soyabeansandcorn,andtalksof"convert[ing]thoseexportacrestobio-fuels".Whenthe2007farmbillisdebated,hehopesfor"avisionthathelpsAmericanfarmersonceagainproducetheirownhorsepowerontheirownfarms".This"vision"wouldincludefederalcropinsuranceforfarmerswhogrowcanola,safflowerandcamellia,bringingthemuptothelevelofwheatandsoyabeans.

ThenotionofAmericanfarmersdefyingthetideofcapitalismtogrowtheirownfuelisagloriousdelusion.Itseemsgreat,yetit'snotpractical.However,Mr.SchweitzerisfightthatCongresshassomebigdecisionstomakeaboutbio-fuels.Towhatextent,ifany,shouldgovernmentsubsidizethisnewlyemergedindustry?

Alreadyithasreceivedplentyofhelp.Ethanolproducersgetataxcreditworth51centsagallon,muchtothedelightoftheindustry.Thereisalsoa54cents-a-gallontariffonimportsofethanolfromBrazil.Startingwiththeremovalofthattariff,Congressneedstorethinkitsmisleadingenergypolicies.NathanaelGreene,oftheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil,arguesthatthefederalgovernment'smostimportantimmediatestepshouldbetoenactaloanguaranteetocreateAmerica'sfirstcellulosicethanolplant,whichwouldprobablybebuiltinIdaho.

Ifbio-fuelsdotakeoff,environmentalistsandpolicymakerswillstillbeunabletorelax.Mr.Greeneemphasizes,rightly,thatbio-fuelsalonemightnotsolvealltheproblems.HisorganizationarguesthatalthoughAmericanproductioncouldriseto100billiongallonsofbio-fuelsby2050,suchchangesalsoneedtobecombinedwithimprovedfuelefficiencyandbettercityplanning.Moreflex-fuelvehicles,whichcantakeupto85%ethanolblendedwithpetrol,wouldbeparticularlysensible.

1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwiththeemergenceofanewenergysource,government'sandthepublic'sattitudetowarditsuse,anditsinfluenceonAmericanfarming.

2.Inwritingthispassage,theauthorhasfirstexplainedageneralsituation,andthenpresentedhis/herownopinionwithsupportiveexamples.

3.TheU.S.governmentandsomeoftheAmericanpeoplebelievethatreducingAmerica'sdependenceonforeignpetroleumisoneofthereasonstostartresearchintothepossibilityofusingethanol.

4.TheunstableinternationalstatushascausedpanicamongAmericanpublicwhoareworryingabouttheresultingpetroleumshortage.

5.Despitethegovernment'spromotion,thedevelopmentofbio-fuelsisnotasmoothprocesswithoutanytrouble..

6.AnentrepreneurfromBritainhasrecentlyplannedtoinvestheavilyinethanolproductionbecausehebelieveditspromisingfuture.

7.Recentbreakthroughinbioengineeringtechnologyhasenabledtheincreasedscaleofproducingbothethanolandbio-diesel.

8.Somepolicymakersbelievethatbio-fuelcouldhelptosaveAmericanfarm,besidesrelievingpressureon______.

9.TheideaofAmericanfarmersgrowingtheirownfuelisregardedasa______.

10.Itisarguedbyanorganizationthattosolveenergyproblems,______shouldalsobetakenintoaccountinadditiontoincreasedproductionofbio-fuels.

PartⅢListeningComprehension

SectionA

Directions:

Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustrendthefourchoicesmarked[A]、[B]、[C]and[D],anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

11.[A]Totellthewomansomethingaboutthecar.[B]Tolookforhiswife.

[C]Toshowthewomanhiswife'scar.[D]Toaskhiswifetoanswerthephone.

12.[A]Children'shealth.[B]Socialmanners.[C]Money.[D]Oldpeople'shealth.

13.[A]NewYork.[B]Boston.[C]Michigan.[D]Washington.

14.[A]Heenjoysplayingc