最新语言学填空题.docx

最新语言学填空题.docx

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最新语言学填空题

Chapter1Introduction

1.Languageisasystemofa_____vocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.arbitrary

2.Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughisad_____study.diachronic

3.L____referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.Langue

4.Thedesirefeaturesoflanguagearearbitrariness,duality,creativity,andd_____.displacement

5.Thefunctionsoflanguageincludesinformative,interpersonal,performative,emotive,phatic,recreationalandm_____.metalingual

6.Themainbranchesoflinguisticsshouldincludephonetics,phonology,morphology,syntax,s_____andpragmatics.semantics

7.Thebranchesofmacrolinguisticshavepsycholinguistic,sociolinguistics,a_____linguistics,andcomputationallinguistics.anthropological

8.TheparadigmaticrelationisalsoknownastheVERTICALrelation,orc____relation.CHOICE

9.TheSyntagmaticrelationisnowadaysalsoreferredtoastheHORIZONTALrelationorc______relation.CHAIN

1.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthe.scientificstudyoflanguage

2.Thestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalled.generallinguistics.

3.Thestudyofusedinlinguisticcommunicationledtotheestablishmentofphonetics.Sounds

4.Thestudyofisknownassemantics.meaning

5.Psycholinguisticsrelatesthestudyoflanguageto.psychology

6.Thestudyofisgenerallyknownasappliedlinguistics.applications

7.Ifalinguisticstudyaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe.descriptive

8.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointoftimeinisasynchronicstudythedescriptionofalanguageasitthroughtimeisadiachronic.history;changes

9.Fromthepointofviewoflinguisticevolution,speechistowriting.prior

10._referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthememberofaspeechcommunity,andreferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.langue;parole

11.Linguisticisdescriptivewhiletraditionalgrammaris.prescriptive

12.Modernlinguisticregardsthelanguageasprimary,notthewritten.spoken

13.Manyoftherulesoftraditionalgrammarapplyonlytothelanguage.written

14.Whenthestudyofmeaningis,notinisolation,butinthecontextoflanguageuse,itbecomesanotherbranchoflinguisticstudycalledpragmatics.conducted

15.Prescriptiveanddescriptiverepresenttwodifferentoflinguisticstudy.

types

21.  Chomskydefines“competence”astheidealuser’sk__________oftherulesofhislanguage.

 22.Languereferstothea__________linguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunitywhiletheparoleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandapplicationoftherules.

 23.D_________isoneofthedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguagewhichreferstothephenomenonthatlanguageconsistsoftwolevels:

alowerlevelofmeaninglessindividualsoundsandahigherlevelofmeaningfulunits.

 24.Languageisasystemofa_________vocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.

25.Thedisciplinethatstudiestherulesgoverningtheformationofwordsintopermissiblesentencesinlanguagesiscalleds________.

26.Humancapacityforlanguagehasag____basis,butthedetailsoflanguagehavetobetaughtandlearned.

27.P____referstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.

28.Findingsinlinguisticstudiescanoftenbeappliedtothesettlementofsomepracticalproblems.Thestudyofsuchapplicationsisgenerallyknownasa________linguistics.

29.Languageisp___________inthatitmakespossibletheconstructionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.Inotherwords,theycanproduceandunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberofsentenceswhichtheyhaveneverheardbefore.

30.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthes____studyoflanguage.

21.knowledge      22.abstract       23.Duality      24.arbitrary

25.syntax   26.genetic27.Parole    28.applied    29.productive  

30.scientific（orsystematic）

Chapter2Speechsounds

1.Ofthethreebranchesofphonetics,thelongestestablished,anduntilrecentlythe

mosthighlydeveloped,isa____phonetics.articulatory

2.Thefoursounds/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/haveonefeatureincommon,i.e.,theyareallb______.bilabial

3.InEnglishthereareanumberofd______,whichareproducedbymovingfromonevowelpositiontoanotherthroughinterveningpositions.diphthongs

4.Thedifferentphoneswhichcanrepresentaphonemeindifferentphoneticenvironmentsarecalledthea______ofthatphoneme.allophones

5.Themostelementalgrammaticalunitsinalanguagearem______.morphemes

6.Soundchangeasaresultofsoundmovement,knownasm______,involvesareversalinpositionoftwoadjoiningsoundsegments.metathesis

7.Phoneticsisthestudyofsoundsanditcanbedividedintothreemainareas,whicharea_____phonetics,acousticphoneticsandauditoryphonetics.

10.ThepresentsystemoftheIPA（InternationalphoneticAssociation）wasdevelopedinthe1920sbytheBritishphoneticianDanielJ_____,whoputforwardcardinalvowels,whichareasetofvowelqualitiesarbitrarilydefined,fixedandunchanging.Jones

11.Theformationofnewpronunciationincludesfactorsasloss,addition,metathesisanda_____.assimilation

12.Phonemictranscriptionsareplacedbetweenslantlineswhilephonetictranscriptionsareplacedbetweens______brackets.squarebrackets.

13.Thereareusuallytwotermsofnumber:

Singularandp_____.Plural

14.P____isabranchoflinguisticsthatstudieshowspeechsoundsareproducedandclassified.phonetics

1.Phoneticsisdefinedasthestudyoftheoflanguage;ifisconcernedwithallthesoundsthatoccurintheworld’slanguage.phonicmedium

2.Thethreebranchesofphoneticsare,auditoryphoneticsandacousticphoneticsrespectively.labeledarticulationphonetics

3.Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintwoways:

oneisintermsof_

andtheotherisintermsof.mannerofarticulation;placeofarticulation

4.Bothphonologyandphoneticsareconcernedwiththesameaspectoflanguage_______.thespeechsounds

5.Thedifferentthroeswhichcanrepresentaphonemeindifferentphoneticsenvironmentsarecalledtheofthatphoneme.allophones

6.Theassimilationrulesassimilatesonesoundtoanotherby“copying”afeatureofa_______;thusmakingthetwophonessimilar.sequentialphoneme

7.Theassimilationrulealsoaccountsforthe_______ofthealvedarnasalinsomesoundcombinations.varyingpronunciation

8.Thedeletionruletellsuswhenasoundistobedeletedalthoughitis______.orthographicallyrepresented

9.Languageisfirst______throughitssounds.perceived

10.Theletter[P]intermsofplaceofarticulation______intermsofmannerofarticulationis_______.bilabial;stops

11._______,notphoneticidentityisthecriterionwithwhichweoperatethephonologicalanalysisoflanguagephoneticsimilarity.

12.Thegreatestsourceofmodificationoftheairstreamisfoundinginthe_______.oralcavity

13.Correspondingtothedistinctionoflongandshortvowelsisthedistinctionof_____and______vowels.tense;lax

14.Aphonemeisfurtheranalyzablebecauseitconsistsofasetof______.simultaneousdistinctivefeatures

15.Similaralterationofstressalsooccursbetweena______andaphraseconsistingofthesameelements.compoundnoun

1.Ofallthespeechorgans,thet____isthemostflexible,andisresponsibleforvarietiesofarticulationthananyother. tongue

2.Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintermsofmannerofarticulationorintermsofp_______ofarticulation. place

3.Whentheobstructioncreatedbythespeechorgansistotalorcomplete,thespeechsoundproducedwiththeobstructionaudiblyreleasedandtheairpassingoutagainiscalledas________.stop

4.S_________featuresarethephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegments.Theyincludestress,tone,intonation,etc. Suprasegmental

5.Therulesthatgovernthecombinationofsoundsinaparticularlanguagearecalleds____rules. sequential

6.Thetranscriptionofspeechsoundswithletter-symbolsonlyiscalledbroadtranscriptionwhilethetranscriptionwithletter-symbolstogetherwiththediacriticsiscalledn_________transcription. narrow

7.Whenpitch,stressandsoundlengtharetiedtothesentenceratherthanthewordinisolation,theyarecollectivelyknownasi_________. intonation

8.P___________isadisciplinewhichstudiesthesystemofsoundsofaparticularlanguageandhowsoundsarecombinedintomeaningfulunitstoeffectlinguisticcommunication. Phonology

9.T_______arepitchvariations,whicharecausedbythedifferingratesofvibrationofthevocalcordsandwhichcandistinguishmeaningjustlikephonemes.Tone

10.Dependingonthecontextinwhichstressisconsidered,therearetwokindsofstress:

wordstressands_________stress.sentence

1.A____referstoastrongpuffofairstreamintheproductionofspeechsounds. Aspiration

2.A___________phoneticsdescribesthewayourspeechorgansworktoproducethespeechsoundsandhowtheydiffer. Articulatory

3.Thefoursounds/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/haveonefeatureincommon,i.e.theyareallb_______sounds.bilabial 

4.Ofallthespeechorgans,thet____isthemostflexible,andisresponsibleforvarietiesofarticulationthananyother. tongue

5.Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintermsofmannerofarticulationorintermsofp_______ofarticulation. place

6.Whentheobstructioncreatedbythespeechorgansistotalorcomplete,thespeechsoundproducedwiththeobstructionaudiblyreleasedandtheairpassingoutagainiscalledas________.stop

7.S_________featuresarethephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelof