最新语言学填空题.docx

1、最新语言学填空题Chapter 1 Introduction1. Language is a system of a _vocal symbols used for human communication. arbitrary 2.The description of a language as it changes through is a d _ study. diachronic3. L _refers to the abstract linguistic system shared all the members of a speech community. Langue4.The d

2、esire features of language are arbitrariness, duality, creativity, and d_.displacement5.The functions of language includes informative, interpersonal, performative, emotive, phatic, recreational and m_. metalingual6.The main branches of linguistics should include phonetics, phonology, morphology, sy

3、ntax, s_ and pragmatics. semantics7.The branches of macrolinguistics have psycholinguistic, sociolinguistics, a_ linguistics, and computational linguistics. anthropological8.The paradigmatic relation is also known as the VERTICAL relation, or c_ relation. CHOICE 9.The Syntagmatic relation is nowaday

4、s also referred to as the HORIZONTAL relation or c_ relation. CHAIN1.Linguistics is generally defined as the . scientific study of language2.The study of language as a whole is often called . general linguistics.3.The study of used in linguistic communication led to the establishment of phonetics. S

5、ounds4.The study of is known as semantics. meaning5.Psycholinguistics relates the study of language to . psychology6. The study of is generally known as applied linguistics. applications7. If a linguistic study aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, it is said to be . descrip

6、tive8. The description of a language at some point of time in is a synchronic study the description of a language as it through time is a diachronic. history; changes9. From the point of view of linguistic evolution, speech is to writing. prior10. _ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by

7、 all the member of a speech community, and refers to the realization of langue in actual use. langue; parole11. Linguistic is descriptive while traditional grammar is . prescriptive12. Modern linguistic regards the language as primary, not the written. spoken13. Many of the rules of traditional gram

8、mar apply only to the language. written14. When the study of meaning is ,not in isolation ,but in the context of language use, it becomes another branch of linguistic study called pragmatics. conducted15. Prescriptive and descriptive represent two different of linguistic study.types21.Chomsky define

9、s “ competence” as the ideal users k_ of the rules of his language.22.Langue refers to the a_ linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules.23.D_ is one of the design features of human language w

10、hich refers to the phenomenon that language consists of two levels: a lower level of meaningless individual sounds and a higher level of meaningful units.24.Language is a system of a_ vocal symbols used for human communication.25. The discipline that studies the rules governing the formation of word

11、s into permissible sentences in languages is called s_.26. Human capacity for language has a g _ basis, but the details of language have to be taught and learned.27. P _ refers to the realization of langue in actual use.28. Findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the settlement of som

12、e practical problems. The study of such applications is generally known as a_ linguistics.29.Language is p_ in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users. In other words, they can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences which they ha

13、ve never heard before.30. Linguistics is generally defined as the s _ study of language.21. knowledge22. abstract23. Duality24. arbitrary25. syntax26.genetic 27. Parole28. applied29. productive30. scientific (or systematic)Chapter 2 Speech sounds1. Of the three branches of phonetics, the longest est

14、ablished, and until recently themost highly developed, is a _phonetics. articulatory2. The four sounds /p/ , / b / , / m/ and / w/ have one feature in common, i.e. , they are all b_. bilabial3. In English there are a number of d_, which are produced by moving from one vowel position to another throu

15、gh intervening positions. diphthongs4. The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the a _ of that phoneme. allophones 5. The most elemental grammatical units in a language are m _ . morphemes6. Sound change as a result of sound movement, known as

16、 m _, involves a reversal in position of two adjoining sound segments. metathesis 7. Phonetics is the study of sounds and it can be divided into three main areas, which are a_ phonetics, acoustic phonetics and auditory phonetics.10.The present system of the IPA (International phonetic Association) w

17、as developed in the 1920s by the British phonetician Daniel J_, who put forward cardinal vowels, which are a set of vowel qualities arbitrarily defined, fixed and unchanging. Jones11.The formation of new pronunciation includes factors as loss, addition, metathesis and a_. assimilation12.Phonemic tra

18、nscriptions are placed between slant lines while phonetic transcriptions are placed between s_brackets. square brackets.13.There are usually two terms of number: Singular and p_.Plural14.P_is a branch of linguistics that studies how speech sounds are produced and classified. phonetics1. Phonetics is

19、 defined as the study of the of language; if is concerned with all the sounds that occur in the worlds language. phonic medium2. The three branches of phonetics are , auditory phonetics and acoustic phonetics respectively. labeled articulation phonetics3. English consonants can be classified in two

20、ways: one is in terms of _ and the other is in terms of . manner of articulation; place of articulation4. Both phonology and phonetics are concerned with the same aspect of language_. the speech sounds5. The different throes which can represent a phoneme in different phonetics environments are calle

21、d the of that phoneme. allophones6. The assimilation rules assimilates one sound to another by “copying” a feature of a_; thus making the two phones similar. sequential phoneme7. The assimilation rule also accounts for the _ of the alvedar nasal in some sound combinations. varying pronunciation8. Th

22、e deletion rule tells us when a sound is to be deleted although it is_. orthographically represented9. Language is first _through its sounds. perceived10. The letter P in terms of place of articulation_ in terms of manner of articulation is _. bilabial; stops11. _, not phonetic identity is the crite

23、rion with which we operate the phonological analysis of language phonetic similarity. 12. The greatest source of modification of the air stream is founding in the _. oral cavity13. Corresponding to the distinction of long and short vowels is the distinction of _and_ vowels . tense; lax14. A phoneme

24、is further analyzable because it consists of a set of_. simultaneous distinctive features15. Similar alteration of stress also occurs between a _and a phrase consisting of the same elements. compound noun1.Of all the speech organs, the t _ is the most flexible, and is responsible for varieties of ar

25、ticulation than any other. tongue2.English consonants can be classified in terms of manner of articulation or in terms of p_ of articulation. place3.When the obstruction created by the speech organs is total or complete, the speech sound produced with the obstruction audibly released and the air pas

26、sing out again is called a s_. stop4.S_ features are the phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments. They include stress, tone, intonation, etc. Suprasegmental 5.The rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language are called s_ rules. sequential6.The transcript

27、ion of speech sounds with letter-symbols only is called broad transcription while the transcription with letter-symbols together with the diacritics is called n_ transcription. narrow7.When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collective

28、ly known as i_. intonation8.P_ is a discipline which studies the system of sounds of a particular language and how sounds are combined into meaningful units to effect linguistic communication. Phonology9.T_ are pitch variations, which are caused by the differing rates of vibration of the vocal cords

29、 and which can distinguish meaning just like phonemes. Tone10.Depending on the context in which stress is considered, there are two kinds of stress: word stress and s_ stress. sentence1.A _ refers to a strong puff of air stream in the production of speech sounds. Aspiration2.A_ phonetics describes t

30、he way our speech organs work to produce the speech sounds and how they differ. Articulatory3.The four sounds /p/, /b/, /m/ and /w/ have one feature in common, i.e. they are all b_ sounds. bilabial 4.Of all the speech organs, the t _ is the most flexible, and is responsible for varieties of articula

31、tion than any other. tongue5.English consonants can be classified in terms of manner of articulation or in terms of p_ of articulation. place6.When the obstruction created by the speech organs is total or complete, the speech sound produced with the obstruction audibly released and the air passing out again is called a s_. stop7.S_ features are the phonemic features that occur above the level of