高考英语重难点复习.docx
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高考英语重难点复习
高三英语复习重难点
第一节：
阅读理解
考情分析
一：
题材和体裁
全国一卷的阅读理解选材非常广泛，但是体裁比较稳定。
各地模拟的四篇文章基本都以应用文、记叙文、议论文和说明文为主。
文章敏锐地捕捉到了社会生活的不算热点的“热点”，让考生普遍感觉到试题来源于生活，答题的过程就是在体验生活。
无形当中,全国一卷也在指引着考生去品味生活、感受生活、扩充生活知识并了解社会背景，能让考生在阅读中受益匪浅。
这样的选材无疑会对学生的全面发展起到良好的促进作用。
二：
阅读量
总体来说，全国一卷高考英语试题一直保持了较大的阅读量，这对于考查学生的语言能力、理解能力、提取和处理信息能力，以及规定时间内的解题能力都提出了相应的要求。
这既符合英语课程改革的要求，同时也对考生的阅读速度提出了更高的要求。
针对这个问题，建议广大考生要将宏观阅读和微观阅读的方法结合起来，快速准确地找出答案。
1、宏观阅读：
一般来说，任何一篇文章都讲一个主题。
注意抓四类文体：
第一是应用文，主要考察学生的信息捕捉和处理能力
第二是记叙文，主要是读懂文章表达的中心；
第三是说明文，主要提炼说明对象。
第四是议论文，主要把握作者态度
2、微观阅读：
（1）注意题干、原文、选项之间的信息互动与匹配
（2）抓文章的重点位置和重点词，比如“段首、断尾、文首、文尾”“转折词”等
三：
出题思路
全国一卷出题基本遵循自然段定位原则，即下一题的定位点紧跟前一题的后面。
四：
题型
文章的题型大致分为细节题、推断题、词义猜测题和主旨题：
1、细节题 ：
看完题目回到原文，找出对应，同义改写，得出答案；
2、主旨题 ：
首段出题，总分结构
主旨题错误选项的干扰特征经常是：
⑴ 局部信息，即选项的内容小于文章的内容；
⑵ 范围过宽，即选项的内容大于文章的内容。
3、推理题 ：
看是否可以通过题干返回原文或依据选项返回原文。
一般要围绕文中的一两个重点进行推理。
推理题无论通过题干能不能定位，我们都要把它固化到文章的一两点上。
注意：
做题时不能想得太多，推得过远。
立足原文，只推一步。
4、 词汇题 ：
“搜索代入”法
① 返回原文，找出该词汇出现的地方；
② 确定该词汇的词性 ；
③ 从上下文（词汇的前后几句）中找到与所给词汇具有相同词性的词（如一下子找不到就再往上往下找），代入所给词汇在文章中的位置（将之替换）看语义是否合适；
④ 找出选项中与代替词意思相同或相近的选相，即答案。
A
IfyouareheadingforParisthisyear,besuretoincludeatleastoneoftheseshoppingmallsinyourschedule.
AuPrintemps
Tel:
01133014282
LocatedneartheParisOpera,thishugestoreiswell-knownforhouseholdgoodsaswellasitsfashion.Thestorealsooffersmanyservicestooverseasvisitors,includingshipping,translationandapersonalshoppingservice.AuPrintemps,whosenamemeansspringtime,hostsseveralfreefashionshowseachweek.Thestore’sbeautydepartmenthasoneoftheworld’slargestselectionsofperfumes.
GaleriesLafayette
Tel:
01133014283
TheGaleriesLafayettewasbuiltin
1906.Itisasmuchfuntolookatasitistoshopinthis10-storeyshoppingpalace.Infact,theflagshipstoreisthesecondmostvisitedattractioninParis,aftertheLouvreMuseum.Thisshoppingpalacespecializesinwomen’sclothing.Makesuretotakeintheviewfromtheteashoponthetopfloor;it’swellworththevisit.
LeBonMarche
Tel:
01133014439
ThisstylishLeftBankdepartmentstorewasParis’firstsuchstore.DesignedbyGustaveEiffel,LeBonMarcheisparticularlyknownforitsfoodhall,itsweddingshopsanditsselectionofmodernclothes.
LaForumdesHalles
Tel:
01133014476
Thismodern,undergroundshoppingcenterwasbuiltin1979.LaForumdesHalles,thethree-storey-tallshoppingcenterofferseverythingfromsouvenirstohautecouture（高级女子时装）toentertainment,suchasfirst-runmoviesandstreetperformers.TheshoppingcenterisattachedtothebusyLaHalle-ChateletmetrostationandcanbeeasilyreachedfromalloverParis.
21.Whichofthefollowingplacesattractsthemostvisitorsaccordingtothepassage?
A.TheLouvreMuseum.B.TheParisOpera.
C.LaForumdesHalles.D.AuPrintemps.
22.Whichofthestorespaysitsspecialattentiontowomen’sdressing?
A.LeBonMarche.B.AuPrintemps.
C.LaForumdesHalles.D.GaleriesLafayette.
23.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.
A.AuPrintempsisfamousforitsfoodhall
B.LaForumdesHallesisnexttothemetrostation
C.theclothesinLeBonMarcheareusuallyverycheap
D.theteashopthatisworthvisitingisontheninthfloorofGaleriesLafayette
B
Whenourdaughter,Sandy,belongedtotheSt.MarkEvangelicalLutheranGirlPioneersinsixthgrade,theleadersthoughtitwouldbeniceifthegirlsmadepineconewreaths（花环）fortheirfamiliesasChristmasgifts.Sothegroupgatheredpinecones,puttheminwaterandboughtwirewreathframesandadhesive（黏合剂）toholdeverythinginplace.AfewdaysbeforeChristmas,theyandtheirleadersdeliveredthefinishedhandiwork.
Throughtheyears,weproudlyhungupherwreatheachChristmas.In1986,thewreathwashangingonourdoorasusualwhenthetemperatureonChristmasDayreached80degrees.Theadhesivebegantobreakdownandthepineconesstartedfallingalloverourfrontporch.Wetookthewreathdown,planningtorepairit,andgatheredupthepinecones.Thatspring,asmyhusband,Don,wasweedingtheflowerbedinfrontofourhouse,hewassurprisedtodiscoverasmallevergreenplant.
Wedecidedtoleaveitalone.Thedeterminedtreekeptgrowing,makingitrightthroughthelongwinter.Whenitgottoobigfortheflowerbedwemovedittothebackofourlot.Asthetreegrew,sodidourfamily,includingfourgrandchildren.Onedaythemenfromtheelectriccompanycametotrim（修剪）ourtrees.Oneofthemsaiditwasashamethatsomedayourniceevergreenwouldhavetobecutdown.Wejustcouldn’tlet that happentoourfaithful—ifaccidental—Christmastree.
Wedecidedtomoveitagain,thistimetoSandyandherhusbandJoel’snewhouseinthecountry.MyhusbandhelpedJoeldigtheevergreenout.Itwasn’treadytoletgowithoutafight.Finally,fivehourslater,thetreecameloose.TheywrappedtherootsasbestastheycouldandputthewholethinginJoel’struck.
Afteranhour’sdrivetheyplantedthetree.I’mhappytoreportthatourbraveevergreenisstillgrowing,nowproducingpineconesofitsown.
24.WhatwasaChristmastraditionforthefamily?
A.Makingdisheswithpinecones.
B.MakingwreathstogetherwithSandy.
C.HangingSandy’shandiworkonthedoor.
D.DecoratingtheChristmastreetogether.
25.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?
A.Whatthegoodolddayswerelike.
B.Howthefamilytookcareofthewreaths.
C.WhattheirattitudetowardChristmaswas.
D.Howthefamily"treasure"cameintobeing.
26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inParagraph3mean?
A.Cuttingdowntheevergreen.B.Leavingtheevergreenalone.
C.Theman’sjudgingthefamily.D.Havingtheevergreentrimmedagain.
27.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.MyfamilytraditionB.Mydaughter’sgrowth
C.AbelovedChristmastreeD.Aspecialpineconewreath
C
Thelongesttotallunareclipse（月全食）ofthe21stcenturytakesplacethisFriday,July27,2018.The“bloodmoon”eclipsewilllast1hourand43minutes,duringwhichEarthsnaturalsatellitewillturnadeepredorreddish-browncolor.Fromstarttofinish,theentireeventwilllastnearly4hours.ObserversinmuchofAfrica,theMiddleEast,SouthernAsiaandtheIndianOceanregionwillgetaneyefuloftheeclipse,givencooperativeweather.
July’stotallunareclipseoccursonthesamedaytheplanetMarsreachesitsopposition,whenitwillshineatitsbestinthenightsky.Thismonth,MarswillbeatitsclosesttoEarthsince2003.WhenMarsbecomesthebrightest,itwillreachthatclosestpointtoEarthonJuly31.
Themoonturnsdeepredorreddish-brownduringeclipses,Insteadofgoingcompletelydark.That’sbecausesomeofthesunlightgoingthroughEarthsatmosphereisbentaroundtheedgeofourplanetandfallsontothemoon’ssurface.TheEarth'satmospherealsospreadsmoreshorter-wavelengthlight,incolorssuchasgreenorblue;what'sleftisthelonger-wavelengthlight,theredderendofthespectrum（光谱）.
“WhatcontrolsthedurationofthelunareclipseisthepositionofthemoonasitpassesthroughtheEarth’sshadow,”Petro,theprojectscientistforNASA’sLunarReconnaissanceOrbiter（LRO）mission,said.ThedarkestpartofEarth'sshadowiscalledtheumbra.Youcanpicturetheumbraascone（圆锥体）extendingfromEarthintheoppositedirectiontothesun.Petroexplained,“Themooncaneithergraze（擦过）thecone,orgorightthroughthemiddle,whichgetsalonger-timeeclipse.Thistime,themoonispassingclosertothecenterofthatcone,andit’sthereforealittlebitlonger.”Additionally,themoonwillbeatafartherpointfromEarthalongitsorbit.ThatmeansthemoonwillappearslightlysmallerintheskyandwilltakealittlebitlongertogothroughEarth’sshadow.
28.Whichofthefollowingpeoplemightnotseethewholetotallunareclipse?
A.Indians.B.Turks.C.Europeans.D.Egyptians.
29.Whydoesthemoonturnredduringeclipses?
A.Thesunlightshinesonthemoon’ssurface.
B.Thelonger-wavelengthlightisrefractedtothemoon.
C.Theshorter-wavelengthlightfallsonthemoon.
D.Thesunlightisbentaroundtheedgeofthemoon.
30.Thedurationofthelunareclipselieson______.
A.whetherthemoonisbehindthesun.
B.howfarthemoonisawayfromthesun.
C.wherethemoongoesthroughtheumbra.
D.whenthemoonpassesthroughtheEarth’sshadow.
31.Whichcanbethemostsuitabletitleofthetext?
A.TheLongestTotalLunarEclipse.
B.EarthsNaturalSatellite.
C.TheBloodMoonEclipse.
D.TheClosestMarstoEarth.
D
RecentlyIreadNineteenEighty-Four,anovelsetinastatewhereeventhelanguagepeopleuseiscontrolled.Adjectivesareforbiddenandinsteadtheyuseexpressionssuchas"ungood",“plusgood”and“doubleplusgood”toexpressemotions.AsIfirstreadthisIthoughthowimpossibleitwouldbeinoursocietytohavesuchvocabulary.However,themoreIthoughtaboutit,themoreIrealizeditishappening.Itypemessagestomyfriendsandalongsideeacharetheemoticons（表情符号）.Ioftenusethemtoemphasizesomethingbecausethesespecificemoticonsconveymyemotionsmuchbetterthanusingjustwords.AndIwonder,withourdailyuseofemoticons,whetherwearelosingthebeautyanddiversityofourvocabulary.
Englishhasthelargestvocabularyintheworld,butwho'stosaywhatit'llbelikeinthefuture?
Perhapswe'llhaveashorterlanguage,fullofsaying"cryfaces"ifsomethingsadhappensorusingabbreviationslikeLOL（laughoutloud）orBRB（berightback）insteadofsayingthefullphrase.Sodoesthismeanourvocabularywillshrink?
Isitthestartofanexcitingnewera（时代）?
Oristhisaclassiccaseoftheoldergenerationssaying,"Thingsweren'tliketha
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