一些物理里面名词的中文对照大部分是材料领域的.docx

一些物理里面名词的中文对照大部分是材料领域的.docx

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一些物理里面名词的中文对照大部分是材料领域的

Abeliangroup阿贝尔群，又称Abel群ablation烧蚀abnormaldispersion反常色散Abrikosovvortexlattice阿布里科索夫涡旋线格子Abrikocovvortexstate阿布里科索夫涡旋态absorber吸收体absorptionspectroscopy吸收光谱abundance丰度acceptordoping受主掺杂acceptorimpurity受主杂质accumulationlayer累积层achromaticphasematching消色差相位匹配achromaticwaveplate消色差波片achromatism消色差[性]acJosephsoneffect交流约瑟夫森效应，又称交流Josephson效应acousticcompliance声顺acousticohm声欧[姆]acousticstiffness声劲[度]acoustic-optictensor声光系数张量acousto-opticeffect声光效应acousto-opticQ-switch声光Q－开关acousto-opticsignalprocessor声光信号处理器acousto-opticaltunablefilter声光可调滤波器actinideelement锕系元素activatedtunneling激活隧穿activedevice有源器件activeregion激活区addressingelectrode寻址电极adiabatictheorem，绝热定理adiabatictransformation绝热变换adiabatictransport，绝热输运adiabaton浸渐子，绝热子advection平流aerodynamicsound空气动力声aersol气溶胶affinitypotential亲和势aggregate聚集体aggregation聚集Aharonov-Bohm（AB）effectAB效应，又称Aharonov-Bohm（AB）效应Aharonov-Bohm（AB）fluxAB磁通，又称Aharonov-Bohm（AB）磁通allowedstate容许态alphadecay（-decay）衰变alphaparticle（-particle）粒子

效应

Altshular-Aronov-Spivak（AAS）effectAAS效应，又称Altshular-Aronov-Spivakamplificationwithoutinversion无反转放大amplitudelimiting限幅amplitudetransformer变幅杆Andreevreflection安德列也夫反射，又称Andreev反射Andreevmirror安德列也夫镜［子］，又称Andreev镜［子］Andreevscattering安德列也夫散射，又称Andreev散射angularresolvedphotoemissionspectroscopy角分辨光电子谱［学］anisotropicconfinement各向异性限域anisotropicscatterer,各向异性散射体anisotropyenergy各向异性能anomalon反常子anomalouspowerlaws反常幂［次］率anomalousproximityeffect，反常临近效应anomaly反常antidot同quantumantidot反量子点antidodalpoint腹点antigravity反引力antihyperon反超子anti-localization,反局域化antimeson反介子anti-exclusiveprinciple反不相容原理antiferromagneticinteraction反铁磁相互作用antiferromagneticsemiconductor反铁磁半导体anti-Stokesscattering反斯托克斯散射anti-timeorderedfunction,反时序函数anyon任意子aphelion近日点,远核点arealdensity面密度armchairnanotube扶手椅型纳米管arrayedwaveguidegratings阵列波导光栅artificialatom，人［工］构［造］原子artificialbarrier人工势垒artificialelment人造元素atomlaser原子凝射器atomoptics原子光学atomtrapping原子陷俘，原子捕获atomwaveguide原子波导atomicclock原子钟atomicdiffraction原子衍射atomicfountain原子喷泉atomicformfactor原子形状因子atomictime原子时attenuation衰减attosecondX-raypulse阿秒X射线脉冲

Augerprocess俄歇过程，又称Auger过程avalanchecounter雪崩计数器avalancheeffect雪崩效应avalanchephotodiodes,apd雪崩光电二极管azimuth方位角back-actionevasion非干扰[测量]backgroundradiation本底辐射，背景辐射backgroundtemperature本底温度,背景温度balancedhomodynedetection平衡零拍探测ballisticaggregate弹道聚集体ballisticaggregation弹道聚集ballisticelectroninjection弹道电子注入ballistictransport弹道输运ballistics弹道学bandbending带弯曲bandindex带指标bandofrotation-vibration振转[谱]带bandoffset带阶bandrepulsion带排斥bandtheory能带论bar巴（压强单位），杆

Barkhausennoise巴克豪森噪声，又称Barkhausen噪声barn巴恩（截面单位，10－24厘米2）barrier势垒barriercurvature势垒曲率barrierheight势垒高度barrierstate势垒态barriertunneling势垒隧穿base-centeredorthorhombiclattice底心正交格[子]baseline基线basematerial基质basemetal碱金属basisvector基矢beam束，梁beamdump束流捕集器beamfocusing束流聚焦behaviour行为，性能

Bellinequality贝尔不等式，又称Bell不等式bendresistance，弯曲电阻bentcrystal弯晶

Berryphase贝里相位，又称Berry相位βdecayβ衰变βradioactivityβ放射性βrayβ射线

βspectumβ谱βstabilitylineβ稳定线bevatron吉伏质子加速器（高能质子同步稳相加速器）bicriticalpoint双临界点bicrystaljunction双晶结bigbangmodel大爆炸模型binarydiffractiveopticalelement二元衍射光学元件bioastrophysics天体生物物理学biochip生物芯片bipolarjunctiontransistor双极[结]晶体管bitrate比特率blackness黑度blazeline闪耀角bleachingeffect漂白效应blob团迹，链滴

Blochelectron布洛赫电子，又称Bloch电子

Blochfrequency，布洛赫频率，又称Bloch频率

Blochoscillation，布洛赫振荡，又称Bloch振荡

Blochtheorem布洛赫定理，又称Bloch定理blockade阻塞

Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk[BTK]modelBTK模型body-centeredcubiclattice体心立方格[子]body-centeredorthorhombiclattice体心正交格[子]

Bogoliubov[-deGennes]equations博戈留波夫[－得简斯]方程，又称Bogoliubov[-deGennes]方程

Boltzmanndistribution玻尔兹曼分布

Boltzmanntransportequation，玻尔兹曼输运方程bond-angleorder键角有序bond-orientationalorder键取向有序bondpolarizability键极化性bondvalence键价boojum布经（超流氦3中的取向织构）bosonizationoffieldoperators场算符的波色化Braggpeak布拉格峰，又称Bragg峰Braggplane布拉格平面，又称Bragg平面Braggreflection布拉格反射，又称Bragg反射Braggreflectors布拉格反射器，又称Bragg反射器Braggwaveguide布拉格波导，又称Bragg波导breakjunction断裂结breathingmode呼吸模breeder增殖反应堆breakupreaction崩裂反应brightstate亮态brittleness脆性

bufferamplifier缓冲放大器buffergas缓冲气体bufferlayer,缓冲层burn-up燃耗

Büttikerformula,比特克公式，又称Büttiker公式buzzer蜂鸣器

C-15structureC-15结构C[a]esiumclock铯钟calorie卡【洛里】candle烛光candescence白热，又称白炽canonicalcommutationrelation正则对易关系canonicalvariable正则变量cantactangle接触角cantedspinorder倾斜自旋有序cantilever悬臂（原子力显微镜中的）canthotaxie眼角[式]排列（另文说明）carboncycle碳循环（恒星内部的）carbonnanotube碳纳米管carrier载流子carrierconcentration载流子浓度carrierdiffuse载流子扩散carrierreservoir载流子库Cartesiancoordinates笛卡儿坐标Cauchu-SchwarzinequalityCauchu-Schwarz不等式cavitydarkstate腔暗态cavitydumping腔倒空cavityquantumelectrodynamics腔量子电动力学cavityresonator[谐振]腔共振器14Cdating碳14测年celestialX-raysource宇宙X射线源centerofinversion反演中心centerofmoment矩心centralcollision中心碰撞center-of-massenergy质心系能量centrifuge离心机centrifugalseparation离心分离ceramic陶瓷chainfolding链折叠chainstatistics链统计学chalcogenide硫属化物channelwaveguide沟道波导chaossynchronization混沌同步chaoticcommunication混沌通讯

chaoticnoise混沌噪声characteristicimpedance特性阻抗characteristiccurve特征曲线charge-separatedplasma电荷分离等离子体（正负电荷在空间不同区域的等离子体）chargeimbalance电荷不平衡chargeordering电荷有序chargeparityeffect，电荷宇称效应chargequbit电荷量子比特（超导量子比特的一种）charge-phasequbit电荷-相位量子比特（超导量子比特的一种）chargereservoir电荷库chargestiffness电荷劲度（衡量外场作用下电荷被自由加速的难易程度）charge-spincoupling电荷自旋耦合（用于自旋电子学）chargestripephase电荷条纹相charge-to-massratio荷质比chargetransferinsulator电荷转移绝缘体chargetransfersalt电荷转移盐chargevelocity电荷速度（见于电荷－自旋分离现象）chargingenergy，充电能chemicalshift化学位移chiralliquidcrystal手征液晶chiralmolecule手征分子，又称手性分子chiralsymmetrybroken手征对称［性］破缺chirp啁啾chirpedGaussianpulse啁啾高斯脉冲chirpfilter啁啾滤波器，又称线性调频滤波器，或色散延迟线chopper斩波器circumlunarorbit环月轨道circumsolarorbit环日轨道circumterrestrialorbit环地轨道cis-lunarspace月地空间clad覆盖clamping箝位classicalfluid经典液体cleanlimit［干］净极限cleavedcouplingcavity解理耦合腔cloningfidelity克隆保真度closedshell满壳层，又称闭壳层，英文又称closureshellclusterstate簇态CNOcycle碳氮氧循环coalescence聚合,并合code1，［代］码；2，密码；3，符号coding编码codirectionalcoupling同向耦合coefficientofcorrelation关联系数

互补金属氧化物半导体

coefficientofelasticity弹性系数coexistenceline共存线（相图中的）coexistingphase共存相coherencefactor相干因子coherencelength，相干长度coherentatomicrecoil相干原子反冲coherentelectrontunneling相干电子隧道coherentpeak相干峰coherentphotoassociation相干光缔合coherentpopulationoscillation相干布居振荡coherentpopulationtrapping相干布居囚禁coherentpopulationtransfer相干布居迁移coherentstructure拟序结构coherentterahertzwaves相干太赫波coherenttransienteffects相干暂态效应coherenttrap相干捕获coldfinger冷头coldfusion冷聚变collectivecoordinate集体坐标collectivemode集体模collectivemotion集体运动collectivepinningmodel集体钉扎模型collinearphasematching共线相位匹配colloid胶体，胶质colloidalmetal胶体金属colorednoise色噪声colossalmagnetoresistance[CMR]庞磁电阻commensuratelattice公度格子compactstar致密星compensatedimpurity补偿杂质complementarymetaloxidesemiconductor[CMOS]complex1，复合体；2，络合物complexanalyticalsignaltheory复解析信号理论complex-conjugatepulses复共轭脉冲compliance1，柔度；2，顺度compositeFermion复合费米子compressionofultrashortpulses超短脉冲压缩compressor压缩器，压机concurrence并发纠缠,又称量子并发condensate凝聚体condensationenergy凝聚能condenser冷凝器conductancefluctuation,电导涨落conductancequantization电导量子化conductionelectron传导电子confinement1，约束（等离子）；2，限域（凝聚态）；3，禁闭（高能）congregatingeffect聚集效应conjugatevariable共轭变量conservationofangularmomentum角动量守恒conservationofcrystalmomentum晶体动量守恒conservativedislocationmotion保守位错运动（位错沿滑移面平行于Burgers矢量运动无净质量流）conservationofenergy能量守恒conservationlawofflux磁通守恒律conservationofmomentum动量守恒conservationofparticlenumber粒子数守恒contactangle接触角contactpotential接触势contactresistance接触电阻continuation延拓continuousgroup连续群contourline等值线contourmap等值线图contradirectionalcoupling反向耦合conventionalunitcell惯用单胞，简称单胞convergencefactor收敛因子conversionelectron内转换电子coolantmoderator载热减速剂cooperativediffusion合作扩散

Cooperon,库珀子

Cooperpairbox库珀对盒子coplanarwaveguide共面波导copolymer共聚物coreenergy芯能corenucleus核芯[核]correlatedspontaneousemission关联自发发射correlationexponent关联指数cosmicaerodynamics宇宙气体动力学cosmicage宇宙年龄cosmicconstant宇宙常量

cosmic[microwave]backgroundradiation[CMBR]宇宙[微波]背景辐射cosmicmicrowavebackground宇宙微波背景cosmicstring宇宙弦cosmochemistry宇宙化学，天体化学cosmologicalnucleosynthesis宇宙核合成cosmos宇宙co-tunneling共隧穿

Couetteflow库埃特流

Coulombblockade库仑阻塞Coulombgap库仑隙

Coulombinteraction库仑[相互]作用

Coulombisland库仑岛，又称单电子岛（singleelectronisland）Coulombpotential库仑势

Coulombrepulsion库仑斥力Coulombstaircase库仑台阶countertelescope计数器望远镜coupled-channelsmodel耦合道模型coupledmodetheory耦合模理论coupledwaveguides，耦合波导coupledwells耦合阱couplingenergy耦合能couplingstrength耦合强度covalentbond共价键creepwave蠕波，又称爬波criticalassembly[核反应堆]临界装置criticaldensity临界密度criticaldimension临界维度cross-phase-modulation交叉相位调制crossfield交叉场crossjunction,十字结crosstalkattenuation串扰衰减crystal-fieldsplitting晶[体]场劈裂crystallineanisotropy晶态各向异性crystalsymmetryclass晶体对称类cubiclattice立方格子cuprate铜氧化物curie居里（非国际制放射性活度单位）currentbias电流偏置currentoperator电流算符cutoffenergy，截止能量cyclone气旋cyclotroneffectivemass回旋有效质量D/Aconverter等于digitaltoanalogconverter数模转换器dampingradiation阻尼辐射darkcurrent暗电流darkenergy暗能量darkstate