冀教版初中英语必备知识.docx
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冀教版初中英语必备知识
冀教版初中英语必备知识
重点短语
leavefor前往(某地)giveatalk作演讲/报告takecareof/lookafter照顾,照料lookup(在词典/字典)...查询lookfor寻找lookover(医生等)仔细检查Lookout/takecare/becareful小心!
giveadviceto给......提建议handin交上assoonas一......就......bescaredof害怕enjoyoneself/havefun/haveagoodtime过得愉快not...until...直到......才......begoodat/dowellin擅长....../在......做的好falloff摔下来getoff下(车,船...)geton上(车,船...)be/becomeinterestedin对......感兴趣makeinto把......制成......bemadeof/from由......制成beusedfor被用来做...slowdown减速beproudof因...而骄傲/自豪protect...from...保护...不受...的侵害keep/stop/prevent...fromdoing...阻止...以免发生某事becauseof因为makefriendswith和...交朋友looklike看上去像playajokeon和...开玩笑puton穿上takeoff脱下putup支起/举起/建造putoff推迟/延期putout熄灭befamousfor/as以...闻名regardas把...当作sendfor派人去请/叫befilledwith/befullof充满......takepartin参加tryon试穿aslongas只要turnon打开turnoff/out关掉turnup放大;调高turndown关小;调低hearfrom收到...的邮件/信件hearof听说helpsbwithsth...帮助某人做某事be/getreadyfor为...做好准备begoodfor对...有益bebadfor对...有害growup成长/长大upto达到ringup给...打电话aswellas也/又giveup放弃evenif/though即使/纵然beableto/can能/会beover结束catchupwith跟上/赶上fallbehind落后/跟不上beusedfor被用来干...belocatedin/on位于geton/alongwellwith与...相处很好thinkof想起/考虑findout查明/发现comeupwith发现/找到workout计算出/解决waitfor等待payfor为......付款havesuccessin/succeedin在......(方面)成功workhard努力工作/学习fallill/sick生病cometrue实现goover复习/检查Itissaidthat据说agreewith同意bemadat/beangrywith生......的气belongto属于praisefor因为(某事)表扬(某人)exceptfor除......之外preferto...更喜欢某事物helponeselfto请随便吃点......devoteoneselftosth/doingsth致力于/献身于同音词father(父亲)----farther(较远,far的比较级)hear(听见)---here(这里)high(高)---hi(喂)eye(眼睛)---I(我)know(知道)---no(不)meat(肉)---meet(遇见)one
(一)---won(获胜,win的过去式)our(我们的)---hour(小时)pear(梨)---pair(一对;一双)sea(海)----see(看见)son(儿子)---sun(太阳)their(他们的)---there(那里)weak(弱的)----week(星期)weather(天气)---whether(是否)write(写)---right(对的;右)wear(穿;戴)---where(在哪里)whole(整个的)---hole(洞)反义词above在...上--below在...下all全部--none全无answer回答--ask询问borrow借进-lend借出/return归还best最好的--worst最坏的better更好的--worse更坏的both两者都--neither两者都不busy忙碌的--free空闲的buy买--sell卖cheap便宜的--expensive/dear昂贵的clean干净的--dirty肮脏的clever聪明的--foolish愚蠢的cold寒冷的--hot炎热的cry哭-laugh笑cool凉爽的--warm温暖的careful小心的-careless粗心的danger危险--safety安全safe安全的--dangerous危险的dark黑暗的--bright明亮的dry干燥的--wet潮湿的early早的--late迟的easy容易的--difficult/hard困难的;艰巨的empty空的--full满的far远的--near近的begin开始--finish结束first最初的--last最后的forget忘记--remember记得soft软的--hard硬的high高的--low低的inside在里面--outside在外面heavy重的--light轻的noisy吵闹的-quiet安静的old旧的--new新的old年老的--young年轻的possible可能的-impossible不可能的pass通过;及格--fail未通过;不及格poor贫穷的--rich富裕的pull拉--push推plus加-minus减right右边(的)--left左边(的)right正确的--wrong错误的same相同的--different不同的short短的--long长的short(个子)矮的--tall(个子)高的sleep睡觉--wake醒来small小的--big,large,great大的strong强壮的--weak虚弱的take拿走--bring带来thin瘦的--fat胖的thin薄的-thick厚的with有--without没有many许多-few几乎没有more更多-less更少polite礼貌的-rude粗鲁的receive收到-send送/寄
同义词(组)
arrivein/at=getto=reach到达befine=bewell=beOK(身体)好befrom=comefrom来自bein=beathome在家beaway=beout=benotathome在外bebusydoingsth.=bebusywithsth.忙于做某事givesbacall=givesbaring给某人打电话goondoingsth.=goonwithsth.继续干某事hearfrom=receive/have/getaletterfrom收到某人的来信helpsbwithsth=helpsb(to)dosth帮某人干某事lookout=becareful=takecare小心prefer...to=likebetterthan更喜欢ringsbup=callsb打电话sendforsb=asksbtocome派人去请takeexercise=dosport做运动teachoneself=learnallbyoneself自学walkto=goto...onfoot步行alotof=lotsof/plentyof许多aquarterpasttwo=twofifteen2:
15attimes=sometimes有时atlast=intheend=finally最后amomentago=justnow刚才atonce=rightnow/away立刻/马上morethan=over超过nolonger=not...anylonger=nomore=notanymore不再twoandahalfyears=twoyearsandahalf两年半stayhealthy=keepfit/healthy保持健康Howdoyoulike...?
=Whatdoyouthinkof...?
你认为...怎么样?
onemore=another(one)再一个almost-nearly几乎;差不多answer-reply回答autumn-fall秋天gift-present礼物grow-plant种clever-bright聪明的expensive-dear昂贵的difficult-hard困难的;艰巨的easy-simple容易的;简单的famous-well-known著名的helpful-useful有益的;有用的ill-sick生病的maybe-perhaps-probably可能;大概real-true真正的;真实的whether-if是否
名词复数
1.-sapple苹果boy男孩key钥匙2.s,x,ch,sh-esbus公共汽车class课;班级box箱子watch手表match比赛brush刷子3.辅+y→iescity城市country国家library图书馆family家庭factory.工厂baby婴儿story故事century世纪dictionary字典4.0-eshero英雄potato马铃薯tomato西红柿5.O-sPhoto照片piano钢琴radio收音机zoo动物园kilo千克6.f(e)→vesKnife小刀leaf树叶life生命thief小偷7.单复同形Chinese中国人Japanese日本人sheep绵羊deer鹿fish鱼8.词根变化man---men男人woman---women妇女foot---feet脚tooth---teeth牙齿child---children小孩mouse---mice老鼠9.部分变复数girlfriend---girlfriends女朋友10.全部变复数manteacher---menteachers男教师11.German→Germans德国人12.不可数名词表数量acupoftea一杯茶apieceofpaper一张纸threepiecesofnews三条消息fivepairsofshoes五双鞋abottleofwater一瓶水twoglassesofmilk两玻璃杯牛奶
形容词/副词的比较级和最高级
1.-er/estcleantallcoldlow2.e--rfinenicelargelate3.辅+y→ier/iestbusyeasyheavyhappyhealthyearly4.双写末辅+er/estbigfatthinhotwet5.more/most+多音节或部分双音节形容词/副词careful小心的useful有用的famous著名的quickly快地slowly慢地interesting有趣的beautiful美丽的important重要的popular流行的;受欢迎的6.不规则变化good/well→better;bestbad/badly/ill→worse;worstlittle几乎没有→less;leastmany/much→more;mostfar→farther;farthest(具体的远)/further;furthest(抽象的远)
基数词→序数词
1.-thfour四→fourth2.-height八→eighth3.去e-thnine九→ninth4.ve→fthfive五→fifthtwelve十二→twelfth5.y→iethtwenty二十→twentieth还有thirty三十forty四十fifty五十sixty六十seventy七十eighty八十ninety九十6.特殊变化one一→firsttwo二→secondthree三→third7.twenty-one二十一→twenty-first
重要分数:
二分之一one/ahalf三分之二twothirds四分之一onefourth/one(a)quarter四分之三threefourths/threequarters
人称代词物主代词反身代词
主格宾格形容词性-名词性-
Imemyminemyself
youyouyouryoursyourself
hehimhishishimself
sheherherhersherself
itititsitsitself
weusouroursourselves
youyouyouryoursyourselves
theythemtheirtheirsthemselves
反身代词构成的短语
1.enjoyoneself(过得愉快、玩得高兴))2.helponeselfto(请随便吃点...)3.teachoneself=learnbyoneself(自学)4.lookafter/takecareofoneself(照顾自己)5.hurtoneself(伤害自己)6.leaveonebyoneself=leaveonealone(把某人单独留下)
7.devoteoneselfto(致力于)
第三人称单数(简称:
现单三)
1.-slookplay玩enjoy喜欢2.s,x,ch,sh,o-esfix修理;安装watch观看teachwash洗wish希望dogo3.辅+y→iesstudy学习try尝试4.have→has
现在分词
1.-inghelp帮助read2.去e(不发音)-inghavelive居住write3.双写末辅+inggetsitputcutrunswimbegin4.ie→yingliedie
过去式,过去分词(规则变化和不规则变化)
A.规则变化1.-edpant种植play2.e--dliveuse用3.辅+y→iedstudyworry担心4.双写末辅+edstop停止drop掉下plan计划
B.不规则变化(见表)
AAA型cutcutcut切,割putputput放setsetset下沉;放置fitfitfit合适costcostcost值(钱)readreadread读hurthurthurt伤害shutshutshut关闭ABB型buyboughtbought买thinkthoughtthought想;认为bringbroughtbrought带来fightfoughtfought战斗;打/吵架teachtaughttaught教catchcaughtcaught捉住sendsentsent送;寄spendspentspent花费buildbuiltbuilt建筑lendlentlent借出telltoldtold告诉sellsoldsold卖sleepsleptslept睡sweepsweptswept扫paypaidpaid支付laylaidlaid放置;产卵feelfeltfelt感觉;触摸findfoundfound发现;找到hearheardheard听见keepkeptkept保持leaveleftleft离开;留下loselostlost失去saysaidsaid说digdugdug挖getgotgot得到have/hashadhad有/吃holdheldheld握住;举行makemademade制造;使得meetmetmet遇见sitsatsat坐winwonwon赢shineshoneshone发光;照射feedfedfed喂养AB型beatbeatbeaten打ABA型becomebecamebecome成为comecamecome来runranrun跑ABC型am/iswasbeen是arewerebeen是beginbeganbegun开始singsangsung唱swimswamswum游泳drinkdrankdrunk喝ringrangrung响;打电话growgrewgrown生长;种植knowknewknown知道;认识blowblewblown吹drivedrovedriven驾驶drawdrewdrawn绘制;拉givegavegiven给riseroserisen升起taketooktaken拿走showshowedshown出示breakbrokebroken打破choosechosechosen选择speakspokespoken讲话dodiddone做fallfellfallen跌;落gowentgone去seesawseen看见wearworeworn穿;戴eatateeaten吃flyflewflown放;飞lielaylain躺wakewokewoken醒来stealstolestolen偷盗hidehidhidden隐藏rideroderidden骑;乘forgetforgotforgotten忘记writewrotewritten写
情态动词只有过去式:
cancould能;会maymight可以;可能willwould将;会shallshould应该have/hastohadto不得不must必须
名词1.+ersinger歌唱家teacher教师player比赛者worker工人farmer农民traveller旅行者owner所有者foreigner外国人writer作者driver司机winner获胜者runner赛跑者swimmer游泳者2.+orvisitor参观者inventor发明者act表演→actor(男)演员3.+ioninvention发明describe→description描写operate动手术→operation手术4.+ingbuilding建筑training训练meaning意思warning警告smoke→smoking吸烟5.+istartist美术家science科学→scientist科学家6.+nessillness疾病busy→business商业;生意happy→happiness幸福;愉快7.+mentdevelopment发展8.t→cedifferent→difference不同confident→confidence自信important→importance重要9.不规则变化:
advise→advice建议proud→pride骄傲high高的→height高度weigh称...重量→weight重量long长的→length长度strong强壮的→strength力量succeed→success成功safe→safety安全friend朋友→friendship友谊die→death死encourage鼓励→courage勇气law法律→lawyer律师choose→choice选择decide→decision决定speak→speech说话think思考→thought思想produce生产→product产品
形容词
1.+ycloudy多云的windy刮风的snowy下雪的rainy下雨的lucky幸运的healthy健康的noise→noisy吵闹的sunny晴朗的funny可笑的2.+fulcarefulusefulhelpful有帮助的peaceful和平的thankful感激的wonderful精彩的colourful艳丽的successful成功的painful病痛的3.+lyfriendly友好的lovely可爱的lively热闹的;有生气的4.+ousdangerous5.+ing/edinterestinginterestedexcitingexcited兴奋的6.a-alive活着的asleep睡着的awake清醒的7.ce→tdifference→different8.+edwounded受伤的close→closed关着的worry→worried担忧的pleased高兴的;满意的9.+erneastern东方的western西方的northern北方的southern南方的10.特殊变化pride→proudwell→gooddie→deadenjoy→enjoyable愉快的open→openperson人→personal个人的
副词
1.+lyclear清楚的quickcarefulquietreal真的final最后的soft→softly2.y→ilyeasyluck