冀教版初中英语必备知识.docx

1、冀教版初中英语必备知识冀教版初中英语必备知识重点短语leave for 前往（某地）give a talk 作演讲/报告 take care of / look after照顾，照料 look up（在词典/字典）.查询 look for 寻找 look over（医生等）仔细检查 Look out/take care/be careful 小心 ！give advice to 给.提建议hand in 交上as soon as 一.就. be scared of 害怕enjoy oneself /have fun/have a good time过得愉快 not.until.直到.才.be

2、good at/ do well in 擅长. /在.做的好 fall off 摔下来 get off下（车，船.）get on 上（车，船.）be/become interested in 对.感兴趣 make into把.制成.be made of/from 由.制成 be used for被用来做.slow down 减速 be proud of因.而骄傲/自豪 protect. from.保护.不受.的侵害keep/stop/prevent.from doing.阻止.以免发生某事because of 因为 make friends with和.交朋友look like 看上去像 pl

3、ay a joke on和.开玩笑put on 穿上take off 脱下put up 支起/举起/建造put off 推迟/延期 put out 熄灭be famous for/as以.闻名regard as把.当作send for 派人去请/叫 be filled with/ be full of充满.take part in 参加 try on 试穿as long as只要turn on 打开turn off/ out 关掉 turn up 放大；调高turn down 关小；调低 hear from收到.的邮件/信件 hear of听说 help sb with sth.帮助某人做某事

4、 be/get ready for为.做好准备be good for对.有益be bad for对.有害 grow up 成长/长大 up to 达到 ring up给.打电话 as well as 也/又give up 放弃 even if/though即使/纵然be able to/can 能/会 be over结束catch up with 跟上/赶上 fall behind落后/跟不上 be used for被用来干.be located in/on位于 get on/along well with与.相处很好think of想起/考虑 find out查明/发现 come up wi

5、th 发现/找到work out计算出/解决 wait for 等待 pay for为.付款 have success in/succeed in在.（方面）成功 work hard努力工作/学习fall ill/sick生病 come true实现go over复习/检查It is said that据说 agree with 同意be mad at/be angry with生.的气 belong to 属于 praise for因为（某事）表扬（某人）except for除.之外prefer to.更喜欢某事物 help oneself to 请随便吃点.devote oneself t

6、o sth/doing sth 致力于/献身于同音词father (父亲)- farther (较远,far的比较级) hear (听见)- here (这里) high (高)- hi (喂) eye (眼睛)- I (我) know (知道)- no (不) meat (肉)- meet (遇见) one (一) - won (获胜,win的过去式) our (我们的)- hour (小时) pear (梨)- pair (一对;一双) sea (海)- see (看见) son (儿子)- sun (太阳) their (他们的)- there (那里) weak (弱的)- week

7、(星期) weather (天气)- whether (是否) write (写)- right (对的;右) wear (穿;戴)- where (在哪里) whole (整个的)- hole (洞)反义词above 在.上 - below 在.下all 全部 - none 全无 answer 回答 - ask 询问 borrow借进 - lend借出/return归还best 最好的 - worst 最坏的 better 更好的 - worse 更坏的 both 两者都 - neither 两者都不 busy 忙碌的 - free 空闲的 buy 买- sell 卖cheap 便宜的 -

8、expensive/ dear 昂贵的 clean 干净的 - dirty 肮脏的 clever 聪明的 - foolish 愚蠢的 cold 寒冷的 - hot 炎热的 cry 哭- laugh 笑cool 凉爽的 - warm 温暖的careful小心的-careless粗心的 danger 危险 - safety 安全safe 安全的 - dangerous 危险的dark 黑暗的 - bright 明亮的 dry 干燥的 - wet 潮湿的 early 早的 - late 迟的 easy 容易的 - difficult/ hard 困难的；艰巨的 empty 空的 - full 满的

9、far 远的 - near 近的begin 开始- finish 结束first 最初的 - last 最后的 forget 忘记 - remember 记得 soft 软的 - hard 硬的 high 高的 - low 低的 inside 在里面 - outside 在外面 heavy 重的- light 轻的 noisy吵闹的 - quiet安静的old 旧的 - new 新的 old 年老的 - young 年轻的 possible可能的 -impossible不可能的 pass 通过；及格 - fail 未通过；不及格 poor 贫穷的 - rich 富裕的 pull 拉 - pus

10、h 推 plus加 - minus 减right 右边（的） - left 左边（的） right 正确的 - wrong 错误的same 相同的 - different 不同的 short 短的 - long 长的 short （个子）矮的 - tall （个子）高的 sleep 睡觉 - wake 醒来 small 小的 - big, large, great 大的 strong 强壮的 - weak 虚弱的 take 拿走 - bring 带来 thin 瘦的 - fat 胖的 thin 薄的 -thick 厚的 with 有 - without 没有 many许多-few几乎没有mor

11、e更多-less更少polite礼貌的-rude粗鲁的receive收到-send送/寄同义词(组)arrive in/at=get to=reach到达be fine=be well=be OK（身体）好be from=come from来自be in=be at home在家be away=be out=be not at home在外be busy doing sth.=be busy with sth.忙于做某事give sb a call=give sb a ring给某人打电话go on doing sth.=go on with sth.继续干某事hear from=receiv

12、e /have/ get a letter from收到某人的来信help sb with sth=help sb (to)do sth帮某人干某事look out=be careful=take care小心prefer.to=like better than更喜欢ring sb up=call sb打电话send for sb=ask sb to come派人去请take exercise=do sport做运动teach oneself=learn all by oneself自学walk to=go to .on foot步行a lot of=lots of/plenty of许多a

13、quarter past two=two fifteen 2:15 at times=sometimes有时at last=in the end=finally最后a moment ago=just now刚才at once=right now/away立刻/马上more than=over超过no longer=not.any longer=no more=not any more不再two and a half years=two years and a half两年半stay healthy=keep fit/healthy保持健康How do you like.?=What do yo

14、u think of.?你认为.怎么样？ one more =another (one)再一个 almost - nearly 几乎；差不多 answer-reply回答autumn-fall 秋天gift-present礼物grow-plant种clever - bright 聪明的expensive - dear昂贵的difficult - hard 困难的；艰巨的 easy - simple 容易的；简单的 famous - well-known 著名的helpful - useful 有益的；有用的 ill - sick 生病的 maybe - perhaps -probably可能；

15、大概 real - true 真正的；真实的 whether - if 是否名词复数1.-s apple 苹果 boy 男孩 key 钥匙 2.s,x,ch,sh-es bus 公共汽车class课；班级box箱子watch手表match比赛brush刷子 3.辅+yies city 城市country 国家 library 图书馆 family家庭 factory.工厂 baby婴儿 story故事century 世纪dictionary字典4.0-es hero 英雄 potato 马铃薯 tomato西红柿 5.O-s Photo照片 piano 钢琴 radio 收音机 zoo动物园k

16、ilo 千克6.f(e)ves Knife小刀 leaf 树叶 life 生命thief 小偷7.单复同形 Chinese 中国人 Japanese日本人 sheep 绵羊 deer 鹿 fish鱼8.词根变化man-men 男人 woman -women妇女 foot-feet脚 tooth-teeth 牙齿 child-children 小孩 mouse-mice 老鼠 9.部分变复数girl friend -girl friends 女朋友 10.全部变复数man teacher -men teachers 男教师 11. GermanGermans德国人12.不可数名词表数量a cup

17、 of tea 一杯茶 a piece of paper 一张纸three pieces of news 三条消息 five pairs of shoes 五双鞋 a bottle of water 一瓶水two glasses of milk 两玻璃杯牛奶形容词/副词的比较级和最高级1.-er/est clean tall cold low 2.e-r fine nice large late 3. 辅+yier/iest busy easy heavy happy healthy early 4.双写末辅+er/est big fat thin hot wet 5.more/most +多

18、音节或部分双音节形容词/副词 careful 小心的useful有用的 famous著名的 quickly 快地 slowly慢地 interesting有趣的 beautiful 美丽的 important 重要的 popular 流行的；受欢迎的6.不规则变化 good / wellbetter; best bad /badly/ illworse; worst little几乎没有less ;least many / muchmore; most farfarther; farthest (具体的远)/further ;furthest(抽象的远)基数词序数词1.-th four四 fo

19、urth 2.-h eight八 eighth 3. 去e-th nine 九ninth 4.vefth five五fifth twelve十二 twelfth 5.yieth twenty二十twentieth 还有thirty三十 forty 四十fifty 五十sixty 六十seventy 七十eighty 八十ninety 九十 6.特殊变化one一 first two二 second three 三third 7.twenty-one二十一twenty-first重要分数：二分之一 one/a half 三分之二 two thirds 四分之一one fourth/one(a)qu

20、arter 四分之三three fourths/three quarters人称代词 物主代词 反身代词主格 宾格 形容词性- 名词性-I me my mine myselfyou you your yours yourselfhe him his his himselfshe her her hers herselfit it its its itselfwe us our ours ourselvesyou you your yours yourselvesthey them their theirs themselves反身代词构成的短语1.enjoy oneself (过得愉快、玩得高

21、兴）)2.help oneself to(请随便吃点.) 3. teach oneself = learn by oneself (自学) 4.look after/take care of oneself (照顾自己) 5.hurt oneself (伤害自己) 6. leave one by oneself= leave one alone (把某人单独留下)7.devote oneself to (致力于)第三人称单数（简称：现单三）1.-s look play 玩 enjoy喜欢 2.s,x,ch,sh,o-es fix 修理；安装 watch观看 teach wash洗 wish希望

22、 do go 3.辅+yies study 学习 try 尝试 4.havehas现在分词1.-ing help帮助 read 2.去e(不发音)-ing have live 居住 write 3.双写末辅+ing get sit put cut run swim begin 4.ieying lie die过去式，过去分词（规则变化和不规则变化）A.规则变化1.-ed pant 种植 play 2.e-d live use 用 3.辅+yied study worry 担心 4.双写末辅+ed stop 停止 drop 掉下plan 计划B.不规则变化（见表）AAA 型cut cut cut

23、 切，割put put put 放set set set下沉；放置 fit fit fit合适 cost cost cost值（钱 ）read read read读 hurt hurt hurt伤害 shut shut shut 关闭ABB型buy bought bought 买think thought thought想；认为bring brought brought带来fight fought fought战斗；打/吵架teach taught taught 教catch caught caught捉住send sent sent送；寄 spend spent spent花费build b

24、uilt built建筑 lend lent lent 借出tell told told告诉sell sold sold 卖 sleep slept slept 睡 sweep swept swept扫pay paid paid支付lay laid laid 放置；产卵 feel felt felt 感觉；触摸find found found 发现；找到hear heard heard听见keep kept kept 保持leave left left 离开；留下lose lost lost失去say said said 说 dig dug dug 挖 get got got 得到have/h

25、as had had 有/吃hold held held 握住；举行make made made制造；使得 meet met met 遇见sit sat sat坐win won won赢shine shone shone发光；照射feed fed fed 喂养AB型beat beat beaten打ABA型 become became become 成为 come came come来 run ran run 跑ABC型am/is was been 是 are were been是 begin began begun 开始sing sang sung 唱swim swam swum游泳drin

26、k drank drunk 喝ring rang rung 响；打电话grow grew grown 生长；种植know knew known 知道；认识blow blew blown吹drive drove driven 驾驶draw drew drawn绘制；拉give gave given 给rise rose risen 升起take took taken 拿走show showed shown出示break broke broken 打破choose chose chosen选择speak spoke spoken 讲话do did done做fall fell fallen 跌；落

27、go went gone去see saw seen 看见wear wore worn 穿；戴eat ate eaten 吃fly flew flown 放；飞lie lay lain躺wake woke woken 醒来steal stole stolen 偷盗hide hid hidden 隐藏ride rode ridden骑；乘forget forgot forgotten 忘记write wrote written 写 情态动词只有过去式：can could能；会 may might可以；可能 will would 将；会shall should应该have/ has to had t

28、o不得不 must 必须 名词1.+er singer歌唱家teacher 教师 player比赛者 worker 工人 farmer农民 traveller旅行者 owner所有者 foreigner外国人 writer作者 driver 司机 winner 获胜者 runner赛跑者 swimmer游泳者 2.+or visitor 参观者 inventor发明者act表演 actor（男） 演员3.+ion invention发明 describedescription描写operate 动手术operation 手术4.+ing building建筑 training训练 meanin

29、g意思 warning警告 smoke smoking 吸烟 5.+ist artist美术家 science科学 scientist科学家 6.+ness illness疾病 busy business 商业；生意happy happiness幸福；愉快7.+ment development 发展 8.tce different difference 不同 confident confidence 自信 important importance重要 9.不规则变化：advise advice 建议proud pride 骄傲 high高的 height高度 weigh称.重量 weight重

30、量 long长的 length长度strong强壮的strength力量 succeed success 成功safe safety 安全friend朋友 friendship友谊diedeath 死 encourage鼓励courage勇气 law 法律 lawyer律师 choose choice选择decide decision决定speak speech 说话think思考thought思想 produce 生产product产品形容词1.+y cloudy多云的 windy 刮风的snowy 下雪的rainy 下雨的lucky幸运的 healthy健康的 noise noisy吵闹的

31、 sunny晴朗的 funny可笑的 2.+ful careful useful helpful有帮助的 peaceful和平的 thankful感激的 wonderful精彩的 colourful 艳丽的 successful成功的 painful病痛的 3.+ly friendly友好的 lovely 可爱的 lively 热闹的；有生气的 4.+ous dangerous 5.+ing/ed interesting interested exciting excited 兴奋的 6. a- alive活着的 asleep睡着的 awake清醒的 7.cet difference different 8. +ed wounded 受伤的 close closed 关着的 worry worried担忧的 pleased高兴的；满意的 9. +ern eastern东方的 western西方的 northern北方的 southern南方的 10.特殊变化 pride proud well good die dead enjoy enjoyable愉快的 open open person人personal个人的副词1.+ly clear清楚的 quick careful quiet real真的 final最后的softsoftly 2.y ily easy luck