牛津词汇辨析.docx

牛津词汇辨析.docx

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牛津词汇辨析

abide[V] +by 

acceptorobeysomething遵从；遵守：

Wehavetoabidebytherules. 过去式：

abided 

sbcan’tabidesb/sth 

cannottolerateapersonoridea不能容忍：

Ican’tabidethethoughtoflivingsoneartohisfamily. 旧时含义：

tolivewith居住 

过去式：

abode 

abode[N] 

adwelling,andisusedinthelegalphraseforsomeonewhoishomeless住所：

Apersonofnofixedabode. 常用于正式语境下，有时为幽默表达：

Myhumbleabode寒舍 

更为中性的替代词有：

residence,house,address 

ability[N] 

theskillandhumanpowertodosomething能力；本领；技能：

Heisanegotiatorofimmenseability. 

capacity[N] 

1.theabilitytoproducesomething,ortohaveatalentfordoingsomethingwhenreferringtoskill能力；才能 

区别在于ability指后天所学的，而capacity指先天具有的：

Hisabilityasanegotiatorwashelpedbyhiscapacityforrememberingfaces. 

2.themaximumamountthatcanbeproducedbyamachine产量；生产力：

Thisphotocopierhasthecapacitytoprintfiftypagesaminute. 

abnormal[ADJ] 

somethingthatdiffersfromwhatisconsiderednormal不正常的；反常的：

Manyconsiderthatglobalwarminghasresultedinabnormalweatherconditions. 

subnormal[ADJ] 

somethingbelowwhatisconsiderednormal比正常少的；低于正常的：

Manywintershadsubnormaltemperatures. 

abolish[V] 

toendordestroycustoms,practicesandinstitutionscompletely废除；取消：

Slaverywasabolishedbylawinthe19thcentury. 

extinguish[V] 

toputoutafire熄灭：

Threeweeksofheavyrainextinguishedtheforestfires. 

thefigurativemeaningoftodestroy“破灭”的形象说法：

Whenthetalksbrokedown,allhopeofpeacewasextinguished. 

形容词-extinct 

名词-extinction 

Referspecificallytoananimalorplantwhichnolongerexists特指动物或植物的灭绝 

abstract 

[N]asummaryofareportorpaperusuallyinabout250words摘要（通常在250字以内） 

[ADJ]existinginthoughtorjustasanidea抽象的，理论上的：

Enoughabstractthought:

givemeoneconcreteexample. 

adirectioninartandartisticexpression抽象派的 

[V]totakeaway,orremoveapartfromalargerentity抽取，提取，使分离：

Thehydropowerschememeantabstractingmillionsoflitresofwaterfromtheriver. 

作名词与形容词时，重读第一个音节；作动词时，重读第二个音节 

abstractedly[ADV] 

deepinthoughtandnotpayingattentiontowhatisgoingon心不在焉地，出神地：

Hewalkedrightpastme,gazingabstractedlyatthesky. 

abuse[N,V] 

poortreatmentorviolentandimproperuseofsomething虐待；滥用；妄用：

Hewasimprisonedafterbeingfoundguiltyofrepeatedchildabuse. 

alcoholabuse过度饮酒 

作名词时，abuse与juice押韵；作动词时与news押韵 

misuse[N,V] 

theuseofsomethingdishonestly,orforapurposethatitwasnotdesignedfor错用；误用；滥用：

UsingthatexpensiveBurgundytomakeagravyisaclearcaseofalcoholmisuse. 

作名词时，misuse与juice押韵；作动词时与news押韵 

academic 

[ADJ]mattersassociatedwithuniversityeducation学术的：

Academicstandards 

somethingthatiswithoutpracticalapplicationandofnoimmediaterelevance纯理论的；空谈的：

Wehavealreadywontheoverallcompetition,sothescoreofthismatchisacademic. 

[N]ateacherorresearcherinhighereducation大学教师 

scholarly[ADJ] 

seriousacademicstudy学术性的：

Histheorieshavebeenprintedinascholarlypaper. 

usedforapersonwhoisstudious,learnedorengagedinuniversityresearch勤奋好学的；有学术造诣的 

scholar[N] 

Alearnedperson,teacherorresearcherintheclassics,arts,andhumanities,orothernon-scientificdisciplines有学问的人；学者：

ShewasadistinguishedLatinscholar. 

theholderofascholarship奖学金获得者 

ARhodesScholar 

accept[V] 

1.toreceivesomething接受：

HewaspleasedtoaccepttheawardfromtheDesignCouncil 

2.toagreetosomethingwillingly同意：

Aftertwentyyearsthedirectoracceptedtheneedtomodernizethecompany. 

except 

[PREP]notincluding,oromittingsomething除……之外：

Exceptfortheteachertherestofthevillagerswereilliterate. 

[V]toleaveout把……排除在外 

access[N&V] 

1.entryoradmittance进入；进入权：

Thereisnorightofaccessforthepublic. 

2.toopenacomputerfile取得；获取（计算机数据）：

Shedouble-clickedandaccessedthefile. 

3.toreachorentersomething到达；进入 

形容词-accessible:

TheOpenUniversityhasmadeuniversityeducationaccessibletothegeneralpublic. 

excess[N&ADJ] 

somethingmorethanispermittedordesirable过多，过量：

Hehad20kilosofexcessbaggage. 

形容词-excessive:

Excessivedrinkingisverybadforyourhealth. 

accident[N] 

anunintentionalincidentthatresultsindamageorinjury事故；意外事件：

Therewasanotherseriousaccidentonthatroadlastnight. 

byaccident 

thesameas‘accidentally’or‘unintentionally’偶然地；意外地：

Itookthewrongcoathomebyaccident. 

mishap[N] 

anunluckyaccident不幸；小事故：

Deliverywasdelayedbyaminormishapinourfactory. 

mishap用来指不是很严重的事故 

disaster[N] 

asuddeneventorseriousaccidentthatresultsingreatdamageorlossoflife灾难；灾祸：

ThetraincrashwasoneofmanysuchdisastersinIndia. 

catastrophe[N] 

aneventthatresultsinwidespreadandoftensuddendamageorsuffering灾难；大祸；严重的不幸：

Theearthquakewasacatastropheforthewholenation. 

accommodation[N] 

aroomorbuildingwheresomeonecanliveorstay住处：

Studentaccommodationintownisalwayshardtofindatthebeginningofterm. 

不可数名词，注意双写’c’和’m’ 

[formalterm]asettlement,agreementorcompromise【正式】和解；协议：

Thetwosidescametoanaccommodation. 

在英式英语中，accommodation仅为单数形式 

accommodations[N] accommodation的复数形式，仅在美式英语中使用：

Thecostofovernightaccommodationsisincludedinthepriceoftheticket. 

achieve[V] 

toreachanobjectiveorstandard,especiallyoveraperiodoftime实现；取得；达到（尤指经过了一段时间）：

Hewasdelightedtohaveachievedhisambitionofbecomingarockstar. 

名词-achievement 

accomplish[V] 

thesameas‘achieve’,buthasanadditionalsenseofsuccessfullycompletingsomething成功完成；成功实现：

Theysafelyaccomplishedthetaskoffreeingthesoldiers. 

形容词-accomplished 

describesapersonwhodoessomethingwithgreatskill熟练的；才华高的；有造诣的：

Sheisanaccomplishedpianist. 

名词-accomplishment 

attain[V] 

toreachacertainstandard,andisthewordtousewhencomparisonormeasurementisinvolved达到某标准（用于涉及比较或大小尺寸）：

Sheattainedthehighestgradesinherfinalexams. 

名词-attainment 

不那么正式的替代词有get 

acid[ADJ] 

sharpintasteandtone酸的；酸味的；尖酸刻薄的：

Thestand-upcomedianhadanacidsenseofhumour. 

acidtest 

acrucialtrial决定性的考验：

Theacidtestiswhetherthesoftwarewillactuallywork. 

acrid[ADJ] 

unpleasantlybitterintasteorsmell辛辣的；刺激性的：

Theacridsmellcamefromtheburningbuilding. 

acridparting 

anangryandbitterdeparture愤愤不平地离开 

acknowledge[V] 

1.toconfirmthatsomethinghasbeenreceived确认收到：

Thecompanysentmealetteracknowledgingmycomplaint. 

2.torecognizeoracceptatruth承认（某事实）：

Shehasneveracknowledgedherresponsibilityinthismatter. 

3.‘acknowledge’isusedinformalcontextstomeantothank（正式）感谢：

IacknowledgethefinancialsupportfromtheResearchCouncil. 

名词-acknowledgement（acknowledgment） 

acknowledgements 

asectionofabookorreportinwhichtheauthorlistsorthanksthosewhohavemadeacontribution致谢 

admit[V] 

1.toacceptresponsibility承担责任：

Iadmitthatyourcomplaintisjustified. 

2.toenterorallowaccess允许进入：

Thisticketadmitsone. 

acoustic[ADJ] 

referstohearing,sound,orthescienceofsound声音的；听觉的 

acousticimage;acousticnerve;acousticguitar 

形容词-acoustical 

acousticalmeasurement;acousticalshadow 

美式英语中，acoustical与acoustic同义 

acoustics[N] 

1.thescienceofsound,when,likeotheracademicsubjectsendingin-ics,italwaystakesasingularverb声学（谓语动词常用单数形式） 

Acousticsisachallengingfield. 

2.theacousticpropertiesofaroomorabuildingandtakesapluralverb（房间或建筑的）传声效果，音响效果（谓语动词用复数形式） 

TheacousticsintheGreekamphitheatreareperfect. 

across[PREP&ADV] 

1.fromonesidetotheother从一边到另一边 

Weswamacrosstheriver. 

2.‘across’caneitherexpressmovementorposition既可表动作也可表地点 

TheplanetookusacrosstheAlps. 

Thepubisjustacrossthestreet. 

acrosstheboard 

asituationorchangethataffectsalllevels（形势或改变）影响全局 

Thesavingsmadebythecompanywillbringimprovementsacrosstheboard. 

above[PREP&ADV] 

1.atahigherlevelthansomethingelsewithouttouchingit在……上（不接触） 

WearenowabovetheAlps. 

‘above’stressesthedistanceorheight强调距离或高度 

Theplanewasjustabovethetrees. 

2.higherthanarateoranorm高于（某比率或某标准） 

Sheiswellaboveaverageinmathematics. 

over[PREP&ADV] 

1.thesameas‘above’,whenusedtodescribeapositionthatisatahigherlevel在……上（不接触） 

WearenowovertheAlps. 

2.higherthanaspecifiedfigure高于（某一具体数额） 

Everyoneover45willbenefitfromthenewlegislation. 

3.coveringthesurfaceofsomething盖在……上面 

Therewasathicklayerofsnowoverthehills. 

4.fromonesidetotheother,inasimilarwayto‘across’从一边到另一边 

Wewalkedoverthefield. 

act[N&V] 

1.asanoun,isusuallysomethingwhichiscarriedoutonce,oftenadeedsuchasacriminalact（一次性）的行动，如犯罪行动 

Theexplosionwasincorrectlydescribedasanactofterrorism. 

actofgod 

anaturaldisasterisoftencalledbywesterninsurancecompanies.自然灾害（西方保险公司的说法） 

2.inthelegalsense,an‘Act’iscapitalizedandmeansalawpassedbythelegislatureofacountry法令；法律 

3.asaverb,tobeginaprocessinresponsetoaparticularsituation开始行动；表现 

WhenmywindowswerebrokenforathirdtimeIrealizedthatIhadtoact. 

4.itcanalsomeantoperforminafilmorplay,ortopretend演出；扮演；假装 

Heactedasifheknewnothingaboutthedentinthecardoor. 

action[N] 

1.stressestheprocessinvolvedinanactthatistypicallydirectedtowardsadefinedaim（有目的的）行动（强调过程） 

Thehijackerswereovercomebythegovernment’spromptmilitaryaction. 

2.itmayalsorefertolegalproceedings诉讼 

Myclientisconsideringtakinglegalactionagainstyou. 

actual