北京主城区高三英语期末试题阅读CD篇汇总.docx

北京主城区高三英语期末试题阅读CD篇汇总.docx

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北京主城区高三英语期末试题阅读CD篇汇总

2021海淀期末

C

Whatdoesitmeantoliveagoodlife?

Thisquestionhasbeendebatedforcenturies.Inthefieldof

psychology,twomainconceptsofthegoodlifehavebeenquitepopular:

Ahappylifefullofpleasureandpositiveemotions,andameaningfullifefullofpurposeandsacrifice.Butwhatifthesearen'ttheonlyoptions?

Inrecentyears,along-neglectedversionofthegoodlifehasbeenreceivinggreaterattention:

the

psychologicallyrichlife.Itisfullofcomplexmentalengagement,awiderangeofintenseanddeepemotions,anddiverse,novel,surprisingandinterestingexperiences.Sometimestheyareneitherpleasantnormeaningful.However,theyarerarelyboringormonotonous.

Afterall,bothhappyandmeaningfullivescanbecomemonotonousandrepetitive.Apersonwithasteadyofficejob,marriedwithchildren,maybesatisfiedandfindhisorherlifemeaningfulandstillbebored.Alsothepsychologicallyrichlifedoesn'tnecessarilyinvolveeconomicrichness.Forinstance,considerHesse'scharacterGoldmund,whohasnomoneybutpursuesthelifeofafreespirit.

Researchhasfoundpsychologicalrichnessisrelatedto,butpartiallydistinctfrom,bothhappyandmeaningfullives.Psychologicalrichnessisrelatedwithopennesstoexperienceandexperiencingbothpositiveandnegativeemotionsmoreintensely.Butisthepsychologicallyrichlifeonethatpeopleactuallywant?

Inanewstudy,Oishiandhiscolleaguesaskedpeopleinninecountriesthedegreetowhichtheyvalueapsychologicallyrichlife,ahappylifeandameaningfullife.Theyfoundmanypeople'sself-describedideallivesinvolvepsychologicalrichness.Whenforcedtochoosealife,however,themajoritychoseahappylifeandameaningfullife.Evenso,aminorityofpeoplestillfavoredthepsychologicalrichlife,rangingfrom6.7%oinSingaporeto16.8%inGermany.

Thesenumberswentupwhenthedesireforapsychologicallyrichlifewasmeasuredindirectly.Tounderstandwhatapersonwishestheirlivesmighthavebeen,itisimportanttoexplorewhatpeoplewishtheyhadavoidedintheirlives.Whenaskedwhattheyregretmostandwhetherundoingthiseventwouldhavemadetheirliveshappier,moremeaningfulorpsychologicallyricher,about28ofAmericanssaidundoingtheregrettableeventwouldhavemadetheirlivespsychologicallyricher.

Thesefindingssuggestthatwhilemostpeoplestrivetobehappyandhavemeaningintheirlives,asizablenumberofpeoplearecontentmerelylivingapsychologicallyrichexistence.

AsOishiandhiscolleaguesconclude,“Webelievethattakingthepsychologicallyrichlifeseriouslywilldeepenandenrichourunderstandingofwell-being.”.Attheendoftheday,thereisnoonesingularlyacceptablepathtothegoodlife.Youhavetofindapaththatworksbestforyou.

27.Accordingtothepassage,thepsychologicallyrichlife

A.meanslivingaluxuriouslife

B.involvesvariousintenseemotions

C.combinespleasurewithpurpose

D.emphasizesopennessandrepetition

28.WhatdoesOishi’sresearchindicate?

A.TheGermanspreferpsychologicalrichnesstoahappylife

B.Undoingregrettableeventshasenrichedmanypeopleslives

C.Ahiddendesireforpsychologicalrichnessexistsamongsomepeople

D.Peoplewithpsychologicalrichnesstendtodescribetheirlivesasideal.

29.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat

A.purposeoutweighspleasureintermsofsignificance

B.thechoiceofagoodlifediffersfrompersontoperson

C.apositivemindsethelpsusunderstandourwell-being

D.weshouldneverbecontentandalwaysstriveforthebest

30.Whatisthemainpurposeofthearticle?

A.TocomparedifferentconceptsofagoodlifeB.Toexplainhowtoliveapsychologicallyrichlife

C.Topersuadepeopletoattainpsychologicalrichness

D.Todrawattentiontoalessfamiliarversionofagoodlife

D

OnAugust28th,atapresentationovertheInternet,Mr.Muskshowedofftheprogressofhisfirm,Neuralink.ThehighlightwastheappearanceofGertrude,apigwithachipimplanted（植入）intoherbrain.

Readingthebrainselectricalsignals,atechniquecalledelectroencephalography（EEG）,startedover100yearsagoandisnowroutine.Itgenerallyinvolvesplacingnon-invasiveelectrodes（非侵入式电极）onthescalp（头皮）,thoughitsometimesrequirestheinvasiveinsertionwiresintothescalporthebrain.Non-invasiveEEGprovidesusefulinformation,andcanevenbeusedtodothingslikeplayingcomputergames.InvasiveEEGoffersmoreaccuratereadingsfromthenervecellsinthebrain,thoughatgreaterriskbecauseofthesurgeryinvolved.ThedeviceGertrudecarries,knowntechnicallyasabrain-computerinterface（接口）,carriesinvasivenessonestagefurtherbymakingtheEEGrecorderapotentiallypermanentimplant.

Alongwiththisimprovedinterface,Neuralinkhasbuiltarobotthatwillimplantit.Todoso,therobotfirsttakesahigh-resolutionscanoftherecipient'sbrainUsingthis,itisabletosewtheelectrodethreadsintoplacewithaprecisionthatavoidsanybloodtubesinthearea,whichreducestheriskofdamageduringsurgery.Therobotcanputtheinterfaceinplaceinlessthananhour.Generalanesthesia（麻醉）isnotneededfortheprocedure

Onechallengethefirmwantstotackleissendingelectricalsignalsintothebrain.Mr.Musksaysthiswillrequirearangeofinputsincludingdelicatestimulationandlargeamountsofcurrents.Thepointofdoingsowillbetoestablishtwo-waycommunications.Thiscouldallowentirelynewareasoftreatmenttobeexplored.Besidesepilepsy（癫痫）prevention,suchbrainstimulationmightalsoworktotreatdepression.Moreimportantinthelongrun.itisalsoessentialtoMusk’svisionofwidespreadengagementbetweenpeopleandmachines.This,hehopes,willresultinafuturewherememoriescanbedownloadedandstoredelsewhere,andhumanscanformarelationshipwithAIthatismutuallydependentandbeneficial.

Noteveryoneisimpressed.CriticsworrythatNeuralinkistoosecretive,andthatMrMusksvisionpromisesmorethanhecandeliver.Hedoes,though,havearecorddofdoingwhathesaysheisgoingto,despitethefactthatsometimesnotasrapidlyashesayshewill.Hemoreorlesssingle-handedlyintroducedbattery-electriccarstothemarketandhebuiltasuccessfulspace-rocketbusinessoutofnothing.Brainsarealotmorecomplicatedthancars,andeventhanrocketscience.ButdonotbetagainstthecomingintobeingatsomepointoftheMuskvisionofbrainsandcomputersworkingtogetherdirectly.

31.WhatcanwelearnaboutEEG?

A.EEGrequirestheinsertionofelectrodes

B.Non-invasiveEEGissuperiorinsafetyandspeed

C.InvasiveEEGfunctionsbetterinreadingnervecells.

D.EEGcanbeupdatedbyusingthebrain-computerinterface.

32.InParagraph3.theauthordescribestheimplantationtoshow______

A.theadvantagesofusingtherobot

B.thesimplicityoftheprocedure

C.theimprovementoftheinterface

D.thepossiblerisksofthesurgery

33.Accordingtothetext,___________

A.Muskachievesmoreinbrainstudythaninrocketscience

B.brainstimulationiscrucialforpeople-machineinteraction

C.newmethodsoftreatmenthavebeenresearchedandcreated

D.thefirmhasdifficultyfindingtherightkindofinputforbrains

34.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsMusk'svision?

A.Positive.

B.Negative.

C.Doubtful.

D.Neutral

答案：

27.B28.C29.B30.D31.C32.A33.B34.A

2021西城期末

C

Hundredsofpeopledieatseaeveryyearduetoshipandairplaneaccidents.Emergencyteamshavelittletimetorescuethoseinthewaterbecausetheprobabilityoffindingapersonalivefalldramaticallyaftersixhours.Beyondtidesandchallengingweatherconditions,unsteadycoastalcurrentsoftenmakesearchandrescueoperationsextremelydifficult.

NewinsightintocoastalflowsgainedbyaninternationalresearchteamledbyGeorgeHaller,ProfessorofNonlinearDynamicsatETHZurich,promisestoenhancethesearchandrescuetechniquescurrentlyinuse.Usingtoolsfromdynamicalsystemstheoryandoceandata,theteamhasdevelopedanalgorithm（算法）topredictwhereobjectsandpeoplefloatinginwaterwillgo.“Ourworkhasaclearpotentialtosavelives,”saysMattiaSerra,thefirstauthorofastudyrecentlypublishedinNatureCommunications.

Intoday’srescueoperationsatsea,complicatedmodelsofoceandynamicsandweatherforecastingareusedtopredictthepathoffloatingobjects.Forfast-changingcoastalwaters,however,suchpredictionsareofteninaccurateduetouncertainboundariesandmissingdata.Asaresult,asearchmaybelaunchedinthewronglocation,causingalossofprecioustime.

Haller’sresearchteamobtainedmathematicalresultspredictingthatobjectsfloatingontheocean’ssurfaceshouldgatheralongafewspecialcurves（曲线）whichtheycallTRansientAttractingProfiles（TRAPs）.Thesecurvescan’tbeseenwithoureyesbutcanbetrackedfrominstantoceansurfacecurrentdatausingrecentmathematicalmethodsdevelopedbytheETHteam.Thisenablesquickandpreciseplanningofsearchpathsthatarelesssensitivetouncertaintiesinthetimeandplaceoftheaccident.

IncooperationwithateamfromMIT,theETHteamtestedtheirnew,TRAP-basedsearchalgorithmintwoseparateoceanexperimentsnearMartha’sVineyard,whichisonthenortheasterncoastoftheUnitedStates.Workingfromthesamereal-timedataavailabletotheCoastGuard,theteamsuccessfullyidentifiedTRAPsintheregioninrealtime.Theyfoundthatbuoysandmanikins（浮标和人体模型）throwninthewaterindeedquicklygatheredalongtheseemergingcurves.“Ofseveralcompetingapproachestestedinthisproject,thiswastheonlyalgorithmthatconsistentlyfoundtherightlocation,”s