语言学教程复习题与答案胡壮麟版1.docx

语言学教程复习题与答案胡壮麟版1.docx

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语言学教程复习题与答案胡壮麟版1

语言学教程复习题与答案（胡壮麟版第一章）

ChapterI  IntroductionI.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:

1.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.

2.Linguisticsstudiesparticularlanguage,notlanguagesingeneral.

3.Ascientificstudyoflanguageisbasedonwhatthelinguistthinks.

4.Inthestudyoflinguistics,hypothesesformedshouldbebasedonlanguagefactsandcheckedagainsttheobservedfacts.

5.Generallinguisticsisgenerallythestudyoflanguageasawhole.

6.Generallinguistics,whichrelatesitselftotheresearchofotherareas,studiesthebasicconcepts,theories,descriptions,modelsandmethodsapplicableinanylinguisticstudy.7.

7.Phoneticsisdifferentfromphonologyinthatthelatterstudiesthecombinationsofthesoundstoconveymeaningincommunication.

8.Morphologystudieshowwordscanbeformedtoproducemeaningfulsentences.

9.Thestudyofthewaysinwhichmorphemescanbecombinedtoformwordsiscalledmorphology.

10.Syntaxisdifferentfrommorphologyinthattheformernotonlystudiesthemorphemes,butalsothecombinationofmorphemesintowordsandwordsintosentences.

11.Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageisknownassemantics.

12.Bothsemanticsandpragmaticsstudymeanings.

13.Pragmaticsisdifferentfromsemanticsinthatpragmaticsstudiesmeaningnotinisolation,butincontext.

14.Socialchangescanoftenbringaboutlanguagechanges.

15.Sociolinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosociety.

16.Modernlinguisticsismostlyprescriptive,butsometimesdescriptive.

17.Modernlinguisticsisdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar.

18.Adiachronicstudyoflanguageisthedescriptionoflanguageatsomepointintime.

19.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageasprimary,notthewrittenlanguage.

20.ThedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformancewasproposedbyF.deSaussure.

II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:

21. Chomskydefines“competence”astheidealuser’sk__________oftherulesofhislanguage.

22.Languereferstothea__________linguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunitywhiletheparoleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandapplicationoftherules.

23.D_________isoneofthedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguagewhichreferstothepheno广告网址nthatlanguageconsistsoftwolevels:

alowerlevelofmeaninglessindividualsoundsandahigherlevelofmeaningfulunits.

24.Languageisasystemofa_________vocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.

25.Thedisciplinethatstudiestherulesgoverningtheformationofwordsintopermissiblesentencesinlanguagesiscalleds________.

26.Humancapacityforlanguagehasag____basis,butthedetailsoflanguagehavetobetaughtandlearned.  

27.P____referstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.

28.Findingsinlinguisticstudiescanoftenbeappliedtothesettlementofsomepracticalproblems.Thestudyofsuchapplicationsisgenerallyknownasa________linguistics.

29.Languageisp___________inthatitmakespossibletheconstructionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.Inotherwords,theycanproduceandunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberofsentenceswhichtheyhaveneverheardbefore.

30.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthes____studyoflanguage.

III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.

31.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe______________.

A.prescriptive                    B.analyticC.descriptive                    D.linguistic32.Whichofthefollowingisnotadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?

A.Arbitrariness                    B.DisplacementC.Duality                      D.Meaningfulness

33.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageas____________.

A.primary     B.correct   C.secondary    D.stable

34.Inmodernlinguistics,speechisregardedasmorebasicthanwriting,because___________.A. inlinguisticevolution,speechispriortowriting

B. speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamountofinformationconveyed.C. speechisalwaysthewayinwhicheverynativespeakeracquireshismothertongue    

D. Alloftheabove

35.Ahistoricalstudyoflanguageisa____studyoflanguage.

A.synchronic                  B.diachronicC.prescriptive             D.comparative

36.Saussuretooka（n）__________viewoflanguage,whileChomskylooksatlanguagefroma________pointofview.

 A.sociological…psychological    B.psychological…sociological

 C.applied…pragmatic           D.semanticandlinguistic

37.AccordingtoF.deSaussure,____referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.

A.parole     B.performance    C.langue       D.Language

38.Languageissaidtobearbitrarybecausethereisnologicalconnectionbetween_________andmeanings.

A.sense         B.sounds   C.objects      D.ideas

39.Languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker.Thisfeatureiscalled_________,

A.displacement   B.duality   C.flexibility    D.culturaltransmission

40.Thedetailsofanylanguagesystemispassedonfromonegenerationtothenextthrough____,ratherthanbyinstinct.

A.learning   B.teaching   C.books     D.bothAandB

IV.Definethefollowingterms:

41.Linguistics     42.Phonology    43.Syntax      44.Pragmatics    45.Psycholinguistics   46.Language 47.Phonetics  48.Morphology  49.Semantics    50.Sociolinguistics    51.AppliedLinguistics52.Arbitrariness  53Productivity  54.Displacement      55.Duality    56.DesignFeatures57.Competence  58Performance    59.Langue        60Parole

V.Answerthefollowingquestionsascomprehensivelyaspossible.Giveexamples forillustrationifnecessary:

61.Languageisgenerallydefinedasasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedfor  humancommunication.Explainitindetail.

62.Whatarethedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage?

Illustratethemwithexamples.

63.Howismodernlinguisticsdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar?

64.Howdoyouunderstandthedistinctionbetweenasynchronicstudyandadiachronicstudy?

65.Whydoesmodernlinguisticsregardthespokenformoflanguageasprimary,notthewritten?

66.Whatarethemajordistinctionsbetweenlangueandparole?

67.Howdoyouunderstandcompetenceandperformance?

68.Saussure’sdistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleseemssimilartoChomsky’sdistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformance.Whatdoyouthinkaretheirmajordifferences?

69.Doyouthinkhumanlanguageisentirelyarbitrary?

Why?

I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:

 l.T    2.F    3.F    4.T    5.T    6.F    7.T  8.F    9.T    10.F    11.T  12.T  13.T  14.T  15.T  16.F  17.T  18.F    19.F  20.F

II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:

21.knowledge  22.abstract   23.Duality   24.arbitrary25.syntax   26.genetic  27.Parole    28.applied    29.productive  30.scientific（orsystematic）

III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.3l.C  32.D  33.C  34.D  35.B  36.A  37.C  38.B  39.A  40.D

IV.Definethefollowingterms:

41.  Linguistics:

Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.42.  Phonology:

Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedincommunicationiscalledphonology.43.  Syntax:

Thestudyofhowmorphemesandwordsarecombinedtoformsentencesiscalledsyntax.44.Pragmatics:

Thestudyofmeaningincontextofuseiscalledpragmatics.45.  Psycholinguistics:

Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetotheworkingsofmindiscalledpsycholinguistics.46.  Language:

Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.47.  Phonetics:

Thestudyofsoundswhichareusedinlinguisticcommunicationiscalledphonetics.48.  Morphology:

Thestudyofthewayinwhichmorphemesarearrangedtoformwordsiscalledmorphology.49.  Semantics:

Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageiscalledsemantics.50.  Sociolinguistics:

Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetosocietyiscalledsociolinguistics.51.  Appliedlinguistics:

Inanarrowsense,appliedlinguisticsreferstotheapplicationoflinguisticprinciplesandtheoriestolanguageteachingandlearning,especiallytheteachingofforeignandsecondlanguages.Inabroadsense,itreferstotheapplicationoflinguisticfindingstothesolutionofpracticalproblemssuchastherecoveryofspeechability.52.  Arbitrariness:

Itisoneofthedesignfeaturesoflanguage.Itmeansthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsandsounds53.  Productivity:

Languageisproductiveorcreativeinthatitmakespossiblethecon-structionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.54.  Displacement:

Displacementmeansthatlanguagecanbeusedtorefertothingswhicharepresentornotpresent,realorimaginedmattersinthepast,present,orfuture,orinfar-awayplaces.Inotherwords,languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker55.  Duality:

Thedualitynatureoflanguagemeansthatlanguageisasystem,whichconsistsoftwosetsofstructure,ortwolevels,oneofsoundsandtheotherofmeanings.56.  Designfeatures:

Designfeaturesrefertothedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguagethatdistinguishitfromanyanimalsystemofcommunication57.  Competence:

Chomskydefinescompetenceastheidealuser'sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage,58.  Performance:

performanceis