同济大学英语试题.docx

同济大学英语试题.docx

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同济大学英语试题

同济大学2006年博士研究生入学考试试题

IVocabulary10%

Directions:

Thereare20incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenputavinthecorrespondingplaceontheAnswerSheet..

1.Howcanpersonalincometaxbeleviedto_____asmanyaspossiblewhileatthesametimeensuringStatefinancesdonotsuffertoomuch?

A.interestB.benefit

C.profitD.concern

2.Tofundthe____eventandalsopromotethemarketingvalueoftheNational

Games,theorganizingcommitteesetuptheMarketingDevelopmentDepartment

（MDD）.

A.beneficentB.expensive

C.costlyD.luxurious

3.Japaneseworkersstillputinanimpressive42hourseachweek,buttheyare______bytheSouthKoreansandSingaporeanswhospendanaverage46hoursat

thegrindstone.

A.outdoneB.outweighed

C.outrunD.outrivaled

4.Thisisanalarmingrealizationasnaturalresourcesandtheenvironmentarebeing

degradedand____atarecordpace.

A.wastedB.reconstructed

C.destructedD.reversed

5.Theelementsofnaturemustbereckonedwithinanymilitarycampaign.NapoleonandHitlerbothunderestimatedthe_____oftheRussianwinter.

A.severityB.consequence

C.influenceD.threat

6.Thecompany,EDS,issmartenoughto_____its90,000-personworkforceinto

independentmicroteamsthatworkdirectlywithindividualclientsoncreative

businesssolutions.

A.breakoutB.breakoff

C.breakfromD.breakdown

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7.Mostenvironmental____—fromclimatechangestofreshwaterandforesthabitatloss—havebecomemarkedlyworse.

A.symptomsB.highlights

C.indicatorsD.symbols

8.Whatwecallnatureis,_____,thesumofthechangesmadebyallthevarious

creaturesandnaturalforcesintheirintricateactionsandinfluencesuponeachother

andupontheirplaces.

A.incommonsenseB.fromasense

C.bythesenseD.inasense

9.Althoughthe"online"lifestylehasdominatedthemajorityofcityyouth,most

peopleintheremotecountrysidestillthinkInternetorsomethingis____totheir

life.

A.unconcernedB.irrelevantC.inseparableD.inaccessible

10.____near-perfectEnglishlanguageskills,thestudentswerekeentoexplore

everyaspectofAustralianculture,fromAussieeatingcustomstofamilyandstudent

life,popularculture,thenaturallandscapeandtheever-popularAustraliannative

animals.

A.PossessingB.AcquiringC.ApprehendingD.Interpreting

11.Telephonessavethefeetandendlessamountsoftime.Thisisduepartlytothefactthatthetelephoneserviceissuperbhere,____thepostalserviceislessefficient.

A.whereB.since

C.thatD.whereas

12.Theboardofdirectorshavealreadydiscussedthesubject____intheprevious

meetingsandtheywillhandleitinallitsaspects.

A.inplaceB.atlengthC.onendD.offandon

13.Reflectingonourexploration,wealsodiscoveredthatpeoplewillexploitthenewness,vagueness,andbreadthoftheinformationMarketplacetosupporttheirwishesandpredilections,____theymaybe.A.whatsoeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.which

14.TheWorldBankistakingstepsto____itslendingtoreducingpovertyinthe

ThirdWorldCountries.

A.orientB.tailor

C.adaptD.adjust

15.Totalinvestmentsforthisyearreached$56million,andtoputthisinto____

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investmentsthisyearwilldoublethosemadein1997.

A.sightB.vision

C.perspectiveD.horizon

16.Theyearof776B.C.isconsideredtobethefoundingdateoftheOlympicGamesinancientGreece.TheGameslastedmorethan11centuries____theywere

bannedin393A.D.

A.whenB.after

C.asD.until

17.Asdidhis____SigmundFreud,AlbertEinstein,andHenryFord,ThomasEdisonprofoundlytransformedtheWesternWorld.

A.contemporariesB.part-owners

C.companionsD.accomplices

18.Inaworldwhereinformationisaflood—____toeveryone,andwherenothingissecretorproprietary—theonlyorganizationsandmanagerswhowillthrivearethosewhocanquicklywadeintothewater,harnesswhattheyneed,andthenaddvaluetoitthroughspeedy,innovativebusinessdecisions.

A.acceptableB.available

C.accessibleD.attainable

19.Thecarpollutes,butadvancesinfuelqualityandefficiency,andinmicroprocessedenginetechnology,haveradicallycut____.

A.releasesB.emissions

C.poisonsD.contamination

20.Ifhumansuseuptoomuchsoil-whichtheyhaveoftendoneandare

doing-thentheywillstarvedowntothecarryingcapacityoftheirhabitat.

Thisisnature's"indifferent"____.

A.flexibilityB.justice

C.plasticityD.sensibility

II.ReadingComprehension50%

Directions:

ReadthefollowingpassagesandchoosefromthechoicesmarkedA,B,CandDthatbestcompleteoranswerthequestionsaftereachpassage.Thenputa^inthecorrespondingplaceontheAnswerSheet..

PassageOne

Throughoutthehistoryoflife,speciesoflivingcreatureshavemadeuseofchemicalenergybytheslowcombinationofcertainchemicalswithoxygenwithintheircells.Theprocessisanalogoustocombustion,butisslowerandmuchmoredelicatelycontrolled.Sometimesuseismadeofenergyavailableinthebodiesofstrongerspeciesaswhenaremorahitchesarideonasharkorahumanbeinghitches

anoxtoaplough.

Inanimatesourcesofenergyaresometimesusedwhenspeciesallowthemselvestobecarriedormovedbywindorbywatercurrents.Inthosecases,though,theinanimatesourceofenergymustbeacceptedattheplaceandtimethatithappenstobeandintheamountthathappenstoexist.

Thehumanuseoffireinvolvedaninanimatesourceofenergythatwasportableandcouldbeusedwhereverdesired.Itcouldbeignitedorextinguishedatwillandcouldbeusedwhendesired.Itcouldbekeptsmallorfedtillitwaslarge,andcouldbeusedinthequantitiesdesired.

Theuseoffiremadeitpossibleforhumanbeings,evolutionarilyequippedformildweatheronly,topenetratethetemperatezones.Itmadeitpossibleforthemtosurvivecoldnightsandlongwinters,toachievesecurityagainstfire-avoidingpredators,andtoroastmeatandgrain,thusbroadeningtheirdietandlimitingthedangerofbacterialandparasiticinfestation.

Humanbeingsmultipliedinnumberandthatmeantthereweremorebrainstoplanfutureadvances.Withfire,lifewasnotquitesohand-to-mouth;andtherewasmoretimetoputthosebrainstoworkonsomethingotherthanimmediateemergencies.

Inshort,theuseoffireputintomotionanacceleratingseriesoftechnologicaladvances.

About10000yearsago,intheMiddleEast,aseriesofcrucialadvancesweremade.Theseincludedthedevelopmentofagriculture,herding,cities,pottery,metallurgy,andwriting.Thefinalstep,thatofwriting,tookplaceintheMiddleEastabout5000yeayearsago.

Thiscomplexofchangesstretchingoveraperiodof5000yearsintroducedwhatwecallcivilization,thenamewegivetoasettledlife,toacomplexsocietyinwhichhumanbeingsarespecializedforvarioustasks.

Tobesureotheranimalscanbuildcomplexsocietiesandcanbecomposedofdifferenttypesofindividualsspecializedfordifferenttasks.Thisismostmarkedinsuchsocialinsectsasbees,ants,andtermites,whereindividualsareinsomecasesphysiologicallyspecializedtothepointwheretheycannoteat,butmustbefedbyothers.Somespeciesofantspracticeagricultureandgrowsmallmushroomgardens,whileothersherdaphids;stillotherswaronandenslavesmallerspeciesofants.And,ofcourse,thebeehiveandtheantortermitecolonyhavemanypointsofanalogywiththehumancity.

Themostcomplexnonhumansocietiesthoseoftheinsects,are,however,theresultofinstinctivebehaviour,theguidelinesofwhicharebuiltintothegenesandnervoussystemsoftheindividualsatbirth.Nordoesasanynonhumansocietymakeuseoffire.Withinsignificantexceptions,insectsocietiesarerunbytheenergyproducedbytheinsectbody.

Itisfair,then,toconsiderhumansocietiesasbasicallydifferentfromothersocietiesandtoattributewhatwecallcivilizationtohumansocietiesonly.

21.WhichofthefollowingisNOTstatedinthepassage?

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A.Theprocessofspecies'makingchemicalenergyissimilartotheprocessof

combustion.

B.Theprocessofspecies'makingchemicalenergyislesscomplicatedthanthe

processofcombustion.

C.Fireisaportable,inanimatesourceofenergy.

D.Mansometimesmakesuseofenergyavailableinthebodiesofstrongerspecies.

22.Fromthepassageweknow___.

A.firemadehumanbeingsfreefrombacterialandparasiticinfestation

B.fireenabledhumanbeingstodealwithimmediateemergenciesmoreefficiently

C.firemadesomeanimalsfrightened

D.firehelpedhumanbeingschangetheireatinghabitscompletely

23.Judgingfromthecontext,thephrase"hand-to-mouth"（Para5）mostprobably

means____.

A.adventurousB.unhappyC.wanderingD.unstable

24.Thepointofsimilaritybetweenacomplex,humansocietyandacomplexbee

societyis___.

A.thedivisionoflaborB.theuseoffire

C.thedevelopmentofindustryD.thedevelopmentofawrittenlanguage25.Accordingtothepassage,insectsocieties___.

A.aregovernedbytheinstinctsofinsects

B.arenotfundamentallydifferentfromhumansocieties

C.arecomposedofindividualsofthesametype

D.areasnotwarlikeashumanbeings

PassageTwo

Modemtechnologymaynothaveimprovedtheworldallthatmuch,butitcertainlyhasmadelifenoisier.Unmuffledmotorcycles,blaringcaralarms,androvingboomboxescomefirst,second,andthirdonmylistofmostobnoxiousnoiseoffenders,buteveryonecouldcomeupwithhisownversionofauralhell—ifhecouldjustfindaquietspottoponderthematte