百所名校届河北省衡水中学高三上学期七调考试英语试题解析版.docx

百所名校届河北省衡水中学高三上学期七调考试英语试题解析版.docx

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百所名校届河北省衡水中学高三上学期七调考试英语试题解析版

班级姓名准考证号考场号座位号

2018届河北省衡水中学高三上学期七调考试

英语

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第I卷（选择题）

一、阅读理解

A

NeilJordan,aconservationbiologist,hascomeupwithanovelmethodforprotectingcattlefromAfricanlions:

painteyesontheirbehinds.Thelionswillthinktheirintendedpreyhasseenthemandwillgiveup,sincethey’velosttheelementofsurprise.

Thispsychologicaltrickeryhasbeencalled“iCow”,whichisactuallynotasstrangeasitsounds.Theeye-likepatternsonbutterflywingsareknowntopreventpreyingbirdsandwoodcuttersinIndianforestswearmasksonthebacksoftheirheadswhenworkingtodiscouragehungrytigers.

TheinspirationfortheiCowstrategycamewhileJordanwasbasedinavillageinBotswana,whentwolionesseswerekilledbylocalfarmerstorevengetheircattle’sdeath.TheAfricanlionisavulnerablespecies,withnumbersdroppingfromover100,000inthe1990stoabout30,000today.Muchofthatdeclineisduetothesekindsofrevengefulkillingsbecausefarmershavenoeffectivestrategiesforprotectingtheirherds.

“Lionsarehuntersthatliketoattackbysurprise.Theymoveslowly,quietlyandcarefullytotheirprey,getcloseandjumponthemunseen,”hesaid.WhenJordanwaswatchingalionfollowanantelopeoneday,henoticedtheliongaveupthehuntoncetheantelopespottedit.

Sohejoinedoneofthelocalfarmersona10-weektrialstudy,paintingeyesonone-thirdofaherdof62cattle.Whenthecattlereturnedeachnight,theytookaheadcounttoseehowmanyhadsurvived.Onlythreecowswerekilledbylionsduringthisperiod-allwithoutthepaintedeyesontheirbehinds.Andallthepaintedcowssurvived.However,Jordanwarnedthatsofarthisisjustapromisingidea.HeisnowbackinBotswanaforamoreambitiousstudy,armedwithGPSdevicestobettermonitorthemovementofpredatorsandprey.

1．TheiCowstrategyisdesignedto.

A.killthelionsB.warnthepreysofdanger

C.identifythecattleD.scareoffanimalsthatkill

2．Whenhunting,lionsliketo.

A.giveuphalfwayB.hesitatetotakeaction

C.chasetheirpreysteadilyD.launchsurprisingattacks

3．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.TheiCowstrategyislikelytobringgreatbenefit.

B.Inthe10-weektrialstudymorecattlewerekilled.

C.Thefarmerswilltaketheirrevengeonmorelions.

D.Neilgotinspirationfrompatternsonbutterflywings.

B

Conformityinvolveschangingyourbehaviourto“fitin”or“goalong”withthepeoplearoundyou.Insomecases,thissocialinfluencemightinvolveagreeingwithoractinglikethemajorityofpeopleinaspecificgroup,orinvolvebehavinginaparticularwaytobeviewedas“normal”bythegroup.Actually,conformityissomethingthathappensregularlyinoursocialworld.Sometimeswe’reawareofourbehaviour,butinmanycasesithappenswithoutmuchthoughtorawarenessonourparts.Andeveninsomecaseswegoalongwiththingswedisagreewithorbehaveinwaysweknowweshouldn’t.

Therearecountlessexamplesofconformityinlife.Forinstance,ateenagerdressesinacertainstylebecausehewantstofitinwiththerestoftheteenagersinhissocialgroup.Awomanreadsabookforherbookclubandreallyenjoysit.Whensheattendsherbookclubmeeting,theothermembersalldislikethebook.Ratherthangoagainstthegroupopinion,shesimplyagreeswiththeothersthatthebookisterrible.

Whydoweconform?

Inmanycases,lookingtotherestofthegroupforcluesforhowweshouldbehavecanactuallybehelpful.Othersmighthavegreaterknowledgeorexperiencethanwedo,sofollowingtheirleadcanactuallybeinstructive.Andinsomecases,weconformtotheexpectationsofthegrouptoavoidlookingfoolish.Thistendencycanbecomeespeciallystronginsituationswherewearen’tquitesurehowtoact.Additionally,therearesomesituationswhereweconformjustinordertoavoidpunishmentsorgainrewards.

Therearemanyfactorsthatinfluenceconformity.Forexample,notknowinghowtoperformadifficulttaskmakespeoplemorelikelytoconform.Personalcharacteristicssuchasmotivationtoachieveandstrongleadershipabilitiesarelinkedwithadecreasedtendencytoconform.Andpeoplearemorelikelytoconforminsituationsthatinvolvebetweenthreeandfiveotherpeople.

4．Whatcanwelearnaboutconformityfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Actuallyitisrareforustoconform.

B.Blindconformityshouldbecriticized.

C.Sometimespeopletendtoconformunconsciously.

D.Conformitymeanschangingyourbehaviourreluctantly.

5．Whichofthefollowingisacaseofconformity?

A.Joiningacertainorganization.

B.Followingtheongoingfashion.

C.Sharingsomethingpersonalwithothers.

D.Givingupyourcreativeideascautiously.

6．Whenarewemostlikelytoconformaccordingtothetext?

A.Whenweareataloss.

B.Whenwearerejected.

C.Whenwefeelthreatened.

D.Whenwefeeluncomfortable.

7．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Conformitycannotbeavoidedbyanyone.

B.Conformityislinkedtothesizeofthegroup.

C.Conformityisanaturalresponsetochallenges.

D.Conformityisn’trelatedtoindividualdifferences.

C

Overadecadeago,scientistsalreadyrecognizedthepotentialsmartclothswithsensors（传感器）couldimprovewell-being.Nowadaystheindustryisstartingtotargetspecifichealthconditions.Oneexampleisdiabetes.Now,SirenCarehasdevelopedaninjury-detectingsockthatcouldhelppeoplewithdiabetespreventdisability.Earlydetectionisimportantinthisprocess.Sinceskinulcers（溃疡）areaccompaniedbyariseintemperature,studiesshowthatdetectingfootskintemperatureathomecouldsignificantlyreduceskinulcers.Basedonthis,Sirenproducedasockthatcanmeasurefoottemperatureinrealtime.

What’sspecialaboutSiren’sproductisthatthesensorsexistinthefabricofthesock.Theproductispoweredby“SirenSmart”,akindofelectronicyarn（纱线）.TheyweavetheyarnintoasockusingordinaryweavingmachinesandconnectthefinalproducttoaPCBbattery,whoselifetimeistwomonthsifuseddaily.Thesocksareonlyonwhenthey’reworn;theygointosleepmodewhenoff.

AlldatafromthesocksissenttotheSirenappusingBluetoothtechnology,sotheusercanknowtheconditionofhis/herfeetinrealtime.Theapplicationgivesfoothealthscoresand,whennecessary,warnstheusertoadjustactivityorseeahealthcareprofessional.

RanMa,thecompany’sCEO,explainsthesockcantelltheuserwhentoseeadoctor.Thesocksaremachine-washable,anddon’tneedtobecharged.Everysixmonths,theusergetsanewboxwithsevenpairsofsockstoreplacetheusedones.

SirenpresentedtheirproductthisyearinLasVegasandannouncedthatthey’replanningtostartshippingtheirsocksthissummer.Moreexcitingly,Sirenisalreadyplanningfutureapplicationsthatwillgobeyonddiabetescare.Anyway,assmartclothingbecomesaccessible,you’llbegintoseethishealthtechnologybecomemorecommon.

8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph1referto?

A.Theresultofthestudy.

B.Theproblemwithskins.

C.Thecauseofskinulcers.

D.Theimportanceofearlydetection.

9．WhatcanwelearnaboutSiren’ssmartsockfromthesecondparagraph?

A.Itcanbecharged.

B.Itissensitivetoskins.

C.Itssensorscanbeseen.

D.Itiscomfortabletowear.

10．Whatshouldbethefunctionofthesmartsock?

A.Itcuresitsuserofpossibleillness.

B.Itinformsitsuserofhis/herfoothealth.

C.Itassistsitsusertomakeaquickerrecovery.

D.Ittestsitsuser’sphysicalstrengthinrealtime.

11．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthesmartclothingindustry?

A.Ithasabrightfuture.

B.Itisaprofitableindustry.

C.Itisreadilyavailable.

D.Ithaswidelyapplied.

D

Scientistshavefoundlivingorganismstrappedincrystals（晶体）thatcouldbe50,000yearsold.

Theorganismswerefoundinahot,butbeautifulcavesysteminNaica,Mexico.Theseancientlifeformscanbeseenonlywithamicroscope.PenelopeBoston,wholeadstheAstrobiologyInstituteatNASA,thespaceagencyoftheUnitedStates,saystheancientmicrobeswereabletolivebyeatingmineralssuchasiron.

ShespokeaboutthediscoveryrecentlyatameetingoftheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScience.Ifthefindingsareconfirmed,theywillshowhowmicrobescansurviveinextremeconditions.Fortydifferentkindsofmicrobesandsomeviruseswerefoundintheundergroundarea.Thegeneticstructuresoftheseorganismsare10percentdifferentfromthoseoftheirnearestrelatives.

ThecavesinNaicaare800kilometersdeep.Theywereonceusedformininglead.Beforetheminersbeganworkinginthecaves,theareawasseparatedfromthesurfaceandtheoutsideworld.SomeofthecavesareasbigasthelargereligiouscentersbuiltduringEurope’sMiddleAges.Therearecrystalscoveringthewalls.Thecavesaresohotthatscientistsmustwearspecialclothingtokeepcool.Theclothingkeepsthecrystalssafefromhumangerms（病菌）orotherdamage.Bostonsaidtheresearcherscouldonlyworkforabout20minutesatatimebeforetheyhadtogotoaroomthatwas38degreesCelsiustocooldown.

NASAofficialswouldnotletBostonshareherfindingswithscientificexpertsbeforelastweek’sannouncement.Soscientistscouldnotsaymuchaboutthefindings.ButNorineNoonan,abiologistwiththeUniversityofSouthFlorida,saidshebelievedthem.“Whyarewesurprised?

”Noonanasked.“Asabiologist,Iwouldsaylifeonearthisextrem