5 gerunds and infinitives.docx

5 gerunds and infinitives.docx

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5gerundsandinfinitives

Unit5GERUNDSANDINFINITIVES

5-1Gerunds:

Introduction

SituationA:

gerundisusedasthesubjectofasentence.

（161）Playingtennisisfun.

SituationB:

gerundisusedastheobjectofaverb.

（162）Weenjoyplayingtennis.

SituationC:

gerundisusedastheobjectofapreposition.

（163）He’sexcitedaboutplayingtennis.

5-2UsingGerundsastheObjectsofPrepositions

SituationA:

agerundisfrequentlyusedastheobjectofvariousprepositions.Initsnegativeform,notprecedesagerund.

（164）Sueisinchargeoforganizingthemeeting.

（165）I’minterestedinlearningmoreaboutyourwork.

（166）WetalkedaboutnotgoingtoCanadaforourvacation,butfinallydecidedweshouldgo.

SituationB:

sometimes,agerundfollowsthewordto,whichisapreposition,notpartofaninfinitiveform

（167）Iamusedtosleepingwiththewindowopen.

（168）Sheisaccustomedtolivinginthenorthernareas.

（169）Ilookforwardtogoinghomenextmonth.

（170）Theyobjecttochangingtheirplansatthislatedate.

Exercise37:

Supplyanappropriateprepositionandverbform.

1.Aliceisn’tinterested____________（look）____________foranewjob.

2.Henryisexcited____________（leave）____________forIndia.

3.Youarecapable____________（do）____________betterwork.

4.Ihavenoexcuse____________（be）____________late.

5.I’maccustomed____________（have）____________abigbreakfast.

6.Therainpreventedus____________（complete）____________thework.

7.Fredisalwayscomplaining____________（have）____________aheadache.

8.Instead____________（study）____________,Margaretwenttoaballgamewithsomeofherfriends.

9.Thankyou____________（help）____________mecarrythepackagetothepostoffice.

10.Mrs.Grantinsisted____________（know）____________thewholetruth.

11.Heshowedushowtogettohishouse____________（draw）____________amap.

12.Youshouldtakeadvantage____________（live）____________here.

13.Laurahadagoodreason____________（go,not）____________toclassyesterday.

14.Allofthechildrenparticipated____________（cleanup）____________theclassroom.

15.Everyoneintheneighborhoodparticipated____________（search）____________forthelostchild.

16.IapologizedtoDiane____________（make）____________herwaitforme.

17.Ithankedtheflightattendant____________（bring）____________meacupofcoffee.

18.Wecongratulatedhim____________（win）____________theMarathonrace.

19.Theweatheristerribletonight.Idon’tblameyou____________（want,not）_________

____________togotothemeeting.

20.Whoisresponsible____________（wash）____________and（dry）____________thedishesafterdinner?

21.Inaddition____________（go）____________toschoolfull-time,Samhasapart-timejob.

22.Thestudentscomplained____________（havetodo）____________aheavyloadofhomeworkontheweekends.

23.Theangrylookonhisfacestoppedme____________（speak）____________mymind.

24.Whereshouldwegofordinnertonight?

Wouldyouobject____________（go）________

____________toanItalianrestaurant?

25.Themayormadeanotherpublicstatementforthepurpose____________（clarify）____________thenewtaxproposal.

26.Thethiefwasaccused____________（steal）____________awoman’spurse.

27.Billisn’tused____________（wear）____________asuitandtieeveryday.

28.ThejuryfoundMr.Adamsguilty____________（take）____________moneyfromthecompanyheworkedforand（keep）____________itforhimself.

29.I’mgoingtovisitmyfamilyduringtheschoolvacation.I’mlookingforward___________

（eat）____________mymother’scookingand（sleep）____________inmyownbed.

30.Alicetoldusthatshewastired____________（wash）____________thedisheseverynight.

31.Whatdoyoufeel____________（have）____________fordinner?

Doeschickenandricesoundgood?

32.Frankisanenvironmentalconservationistwhobelievesanimalsshouldbeprotectedfromhunters.Heobjects____________（kill）____________wildanimalsforsport.

33.Instead____________（ask）____________forhelponeacharithmeticproblem,youshoulduseyourbookandtrytofigureouttheanswersyourself.

34.Ilookforward____________（see）____________youthenexttimeI’mintown.I’llbesuretoletyouknowaheadoftimesothatwecanplantogettogether.

35.Pleasedon’targue____________（finish）____________yourhomework.Justdoit.

36.Marieisresponsible____________（lock）____________allthedoorsandwindowsand（make）____________sureallthelightsareturnedoffbeforesheleavesworkintheevening.

37.Mariospentallmonthpreparingforthetennismatch,butinspite____________（practice）____________formanyhourseachday,helostthematchtoIvan.

38.Becauseofthebombscare,noonewasallowedinthebuilding.Peoplewereprevented____________（open）____________thefrontdoorbyaguardwhowasstationedthere.

39.Unauthorizedpersonsareprohibited____________（enter）____________themilitarybase.

40.Thestudentsarestronglyopposed____________（receive）____________religiouseducationinthatschool.

5-3CommonVerbsFollowedbyGerunds

SituationA:

gerundsareusedastheobjectsofcertainverbs.

（171）Theyenjoyclimbingmountains.

（172）Joeisgoingtoquitsmoking.

（173）ItrytoavoidgoingshoppingonSaturdays.

VERB+GERUND:

enjoyquitavoidconsider

（giveup）（thinkabout）

appreciatefinishpostponediscuss

（getthrough）（putoff）（talkabout）

mindstopdelaymention

keepsuggest

（keepon）

Exercise37:

Makesentencesfromthegivenwords.

1.enjoy+listentomusic

_____________________________________________________________________

2.mind+openthewindow

_____________________________________________________________________

3.quit+eatdesserts

_____________________________________________________________________

4.finish+eatdinner

_____________________________________________________________________

5.stop+rain

_____________________________________________________________________

6.avoid+answermyquestion

_____________________________________________________________________

7.postpone+domywork

_____________________________________________________________________

8.delay+leaveonvacation

_____________________________________________________________________

9.keep+ask

_____________________________________________________________________

10.consider+getajob

_____________________________________________________________________

11.discuss+gotoamovie

_____________________________________________________________________

12.mention+gotoaconcert

_____________________________________________________________________

13.suggest+goonapicnic

_____________________________________________________________________

14.putoff+packhissuitcase

_____________________________________________________________________

15.talkabout+takeadayoff

_____________________________________________________________________

5-4CommonVerbsFollowedbyInfinitives

SituationA:

someverbsarefollowedimmediatelybyaninfinitive.Initsnegativeform,notprecedestheinfinitive.

（174）Ihopetoseeyouagainsoon.

（175）Hepromisednottobelateforthemeeting.

SituationB:

someverbsarefollowedbya（pro）nounandthenaninfinitive.Theseverbsarefollowedimmediatelybyaninfinitivewhentheyareusedinthepassive.

（176）Mr.Leetoldmetobehereatteno’clock.

（177）Thepoliceorderedthedrivertostop.

（178）Thedriverwasorderedtostop.

SituationC:

fiveverbs,includingask,expect,wouldlike,want,andneed,mayormaynotbefollowedbya（pro）nounobject.

（179）Iexpecttopassthetest.

（180）IexpectMarytopassthetest.

GroupA:

VERB+INFINITIVE

hopetopromisetoseemtoaskto

plantoagreetoappeartoexpectto

intendtooffertopretendtowouldliketo

decidetorefusetowantto

needto

GroupB:

VERB+（PRO）NOUN+INFINITIVE

tellsb.toinvitesb.torequiresb.toasksb.to

advisesb.topermitsb.toordersb.toexpectsb.to

encouragesb.toallowsb.toforcesb.towouldlikesb.to

remindsb.towarnsb.towantsb.to

needsb.to

Exercise38:

Restatethegivensentences.Choosethemostappropriatereportingverbinparentheses.Makeitactiveorpassiveasappropriate.IncludeanInfinitiveinthecompletionandanyothernecessarywords.

1.TheteachersaidtoJim,“WouldyougiveyourbooktoMary,please?

”

（ask,tell,order）

Theteacher____________________________________hisbooktoMary.

2.Thesignsaid,“Noparkinginthisarea.Violatorswillbetowedaway.”

（invite,warn,force）

Drivers____________________________________inthearea.

3.BeforeBobbywenttobed,hisfathersaid,“Don’tforgettobrushyourteeth.”

（invite,allow,remind）

BeforeBobbywenttobed,hisfather_________________________________histeeth.

4.Underthelaw,driversandallpassengersmustwearseatbeltswhileinamovingvehicle.

（encourage,require,permit）

Driversandpassengers____________________________________seatbeltswhileinamovingvehicle.

5.WhenIaskedthenurseaboutmyskinrash,shesaid,“Youshouldconsultadermatologist.”

（ask,permit,advise）

Thenurse____________________________________adermatologist.

6.Thefirechiefsaid,“Everyonemustleavethebuildingimmediately.”

（order,remind,allow）

Everyone____________________________________thebuildingimmediately.

7.Theinstructorsaidtothestudents,“Youwillh