5 gerunds and infinitives.docx

1、5 gerunds and infinitivesUnit 5 GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES5-1 Gerunds: IntroductionSituation A: gerund is used as the subject of a sentence. (161) Playing tennis is fun.Situation B: gerund is used as the object of a verb. (162) We enjoy playing tennis.Situation C: gerund is used as the object of a prep

2、osition. (163) Hes excited about playing tennis.5-2 Using Gerunds as the Objects of PrepositionsSituation A: a gerund is frequently used as the object of various prepositions. In its negative form, not precedes a gerund. (164) Sue is in charge of organizing the meeting. (165) Im interested in learni

3、ng more about your work.(166) We talked about not going to Canada for our vacation, but finally decided we should go.Situation B: sometimes, a gerund follows the word to, which is a preposition, not part of an infinitive form (167) I am used to sleeping with the window open. (168) She is accustomed

4、to living in the northern areas. (169) I look forward to going home next month. (170) They object to changing their plans at this late date.Exercise 37: Supply an appropriate preposition and verb form.1. Alice isnt interested _ (look) _ for a new job.2. Henry is excited _ (leave) _ for India.3. You

5、are capable _ (do) _ better work.4. I have no excuse _ (be) _ late.5. Im accustomed _ (have) _ a big breakfast.6. The rain prevented us _ (complete) _ the work.7. Fred is always complaining _ (have) _ a headache.8. Instead _ (study) _, Margaret went to a ball game with some of her friends.9. Thank y

6、ou _ (help) _ me carry the package to the post office.10. Mrs. Grant insisted _ (know) _ the whole truth.11. He showed us how to get to his house _ (draw) _ a map.12. You should take advantage _ (live) _ here.13. Laura had a good reason _ (go, not) _ to class yesterday.14. All of the children partic

7、ipated _ (clean up) _ the classroom.15. Everyone in the neighborhood participated _ (search) _ for the lost child.16. I apologized to Diane _ (make) _ her wait for me.17. I thanked the flight attendant _ (bring) _ me a cup of coffee.18. We congratulated him _ (win) _ the Marathon race.19. The weathe

8、r is terrible tonight. I dont blame you _ (want, not) _ to go to the meeting.20. Who is responsible _ (wash) _ and (dry) _ the dishes after dinner?21. In addition _ (go) _ to school full-time, Sam has a part-time job.22. The students complained _ (have to do) _ a heavy load of homework on the weeken

9、ds.23. The angry look on his face stopped me _ (speak) _ my mind.24. Where should we go for dinner tonight? Would you object _ (go) _ to an Italian restaurant?25. The mayor made another public statement for the purpose _ (clarify) _ the new tax proposal.26. The thief was accused _ (steal) _ a womans

10、 purse.27. Bill isnt used _ (wear) _ a suit and tie every day.28. The jury found Mr. Adams guilty _ (take) _ money from the company he worked for and (keep) _ it for himself.29. Im going to visit my family during the school vacation. Im looking forward _(eat) _ my mothers cooking and (sleep) _ in my

11、 own bed.30. Alice told us that she was tired _ (wash) _ the dishes every night.31. What do you feel _ (have) _ for dinner? Does chicken and rice sound good?32. Frank is an environmental conservationist who believes animals should be protected from hunters. He objects _ (kill) _ wild animals for spo

12、rt.33. Instead _ (ask) _ for help on each arithmetic problem, you should use your book and try to figure out the answers yourself.34. I look forward _ (see) _ you the next time Im in town. Ill be sure to let you know ahead of time so that we can plan to get together.35. Please dont argue _ (finish)

13、_ your homework. Just do it.36. Marie is responsible _ (lock) _ all the doors and windows and (make) _ sure all the lights are turned off before she leaves work in the evening.37. Mario spent all month preparing for the tennis match, but in spite _ (practice) _ for many hours each day, he lost the m

14、atch to Ivan.38. Because of the bomb scare, no one was allowed in the building. People were prevented _ (open) _ the front door by a guard who was stationed there.39. Unauthorized persons are prohibited _ (enter) _ the military base.40. The students are strongly opposed _ (receive) _ religious educa

15、tion in that school.5-3 Common Verbs Followed by Gerunds Situation A: gerunds are used as the objects of certain verbs. (171) They enjoy climbing mountains. (172) Joe is going to quit smoking. (173) I try to avoid going shopping on Saturdays. VERB + GERUND: enjoy quit avoid consider (give up) (think

16、 about) appreciate finish postpone discuss (get through) (put off) (talk about) mind stop delay mention keep suggest (keep on)Exercise 37: Make sentences from the given words.1. enjoy + listen to music_2. mind + open the window_3. quit + eat desserts_4. finish + eat dinner_5. stop + rain_6. avoid +

17、answer my question_7. postpone + do my work_8. delay + leave on vacation_9. keep + ask_10. consider + get a job_11. discuss + go to a movie_12. mention + go to a concert_13. suggest + go on a picnic_14. put off + pack his suitcase_15. talk about + take a day off_5-4 Common Verbs Followed by Infiniti

18、vesSituation A: some verbs are followed immediately by an infinitive. In its negative form, not precedes the infinitive. (174) I hope to see you again soon. (175) He promised not to be late for the meeting.Situation B: some verbs are followed by a (pro)noun and then an infinitive. These verbs are fo

19、llowed immediately by an infinitive when they are used in the passive. (176) Mr. Lee told me to be here at ten oclock. (177) The police ordered the driver to stop. (178) The driver was ordered to stop.Situation C: five verbs, including ask, expect, would like, want, and need, may or may not be follo

20、wed by a (pro)noun object. (179) I expect to pass the test. (180) I expect Mary to pass the test. Group A: VERB + INFINITIVE hope to promise to seem to ask to plan to agree to appear to expect to intend to offer to pretend to would like to decide to refuse to want to need to Group B: VERB + (PRO)NOU

21、N + INFINITIVE tell sb. to invite sb. to require sb. to ask sb. to advise sb. to permit sb. to order sb. to expect sb. to encourage sb. to allow sb. to force sb. to would like sb. to remind sb. to warn sb. to want sb. to need sb. toExercise 38: Restate the given sentences. Choose the most appropriat

22、e reporting verb in parentheses. Make it active or passive as appropriate. Include an Infinitive in the completion and any other necessary words.1. The teacher said to Jim, “Would you give your book to Mary, please?”(ask, tell, order)The teacher _ his book to Mary.2. The sign said, “No parking in th

23、is area. Violators will be towed away.”(invite, warn, force)Drivers _ in the area.3. Before Bobby went to bed, his father said, “Dont forget to brush your teeth.”(invite, allow, remind)Before Bobby went to bed, his father _ his teeth.4. Under the law, drivers and all passengers must wear seat belts

24、while in a moving vehicle.(encourage, require, permit)Drivers and passengers _ seat belts while in a moving vehicle.5. When I asked the nurse about my skin rash, she said, “You should consult a dermatologist.”(ask, permit, advise)The nurse _ a dermatologist.6. The fire chief said, “Everyone must leave the building immediately.”(order, remind, allow)Everyone _ the building immediately.7. The instructor said to the students, “You will h