argument1.docx

argument1.docx

《argument1.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《argument1.docx（17页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

argument1

2.Sevenyearsago,homeownersinnearbyBrookvillecommunityadoptedasetofrestrictiononhowthecommunity’syardsshouldbelandscapedandwhatcolorstheexteriorsofhomesshouldbepained.Sincethen,averagepropertyvalueshavetripledinBrookville.InordertoraisepropertyvaluesinDeerhavenAcres,weshouldadoptourownsetofrestrictionsonlandscapingandhousepainting.

（1）.AthresholdassumptionuponwhichtherecommendationreliesisthatBrookvillehomeownersimplementedBrookville’srestrictionsinthefirstplace.

（2）.EvenassumingthatBVhomeownersimplementedtheserestrictions,thecommitteereliesontheadditionalassumptionthatthiscourseofactionwasresponsiblefortheincreaseinBVpropertyvalues.

（3）.EvenassumingthatBV’srisingpropertyvaluesareattributabletotheimplementationoftheserestrictions,thecommitteefailstoconsiderpossibledifferencesbetweenBVandDHthatmighthelptobringaboutadifferentresultforDH.

4.Ofthetwoleadingrealestatefirmsinourtown-AdamsRealtyandFitchRealty-Adamsisclearlysuperior.Adamshas40realestateagents.Incontrast,Fitchhas25,manyofwhomworkonlypart-time.Moreover,Adams’revenuelastyearwastwiceashighasthatofFitch,andincludedhomesalesthataveraged$16800,comparedtoFitch’s14400.HomeslistedwithAdamssellfasteraswell:

tenyearsago,IlistedmyhomewithFitchandittookmorethanfourmouthstosell;lastyear,whenIsoldanotherhome,IlisteditwithAdams,andittookonlyonemouth.Thus,ifyouwanttosellyourhomequicklyandatagoodprice,youshoulduseAdams.

（1）.Theauthorprovidesnoevidencethatthequalityofarealestatefirmisdirectlyproportionaltothenumberofitsagentsorthenumberofhoursperweekthatitsagentswork.

（2）.Theauthoroverlooksthepossibilitythatlastyear’ssalesvolumeamountedtoanaberration,andthatinmostotheryearsAdamshasactuallysoldfewerpropertiesthanFitch.

（3）.ThefactthattheaveragesalespriceofhomesoldbyAisgreaterthantheaveragepriceofahomesoldbyFshowsonlythatthehomesthatAsellsaremorevaluableonaveragethantheonesthatFsells,notthatAismoreeffectiveinsellinghomesthanF.

（4）.ThedisparitythatittookFconsiderablylongertoselloneoftheauthor’shomesthanittookAtosellanotheroneofherhometenyearearliercouldbeexplainablebyotherplausiblefactors.

15.Over80percentoftherespondentstoarecentsurveyindicatedadesiretoreducetheirintakeoffoodcontainingfatsandcholesterol,andtodaylow-fatproductsaboundinmanyfoodstores.SincemanyofthefoodproductscurrentlymarketedbyOldDairyIndustriesarehighinfatandcholesterol,thecompany’ssalesarelikelytodiminishgreatlyandtheirprofitswillnodoubtdecrease.WethereforeadviseOldDairystockholderstoselltheirsharesandotherinvestorsnottopurchasestockinthiscompany.

（1）Theexcerptfailstoassuremethatthesurveyresultsaccuratelythedesiresofmostconsumers,orthattheresultsaccuratelypredicttheconsumerbehavior.

（2）Thefactthatlow-fatfoodsareinabundantsupplyinfoodstoresdoesnotnecessarilyindicateanincreasingdemandforlow-fatdairyproductsoradiminishingdemandforhigh-fatdairyproducts.

（3）Evenassuminganindisputableconsumertrendtowardpurchasingmorelow-fatdairyproductsandfewerhigh-fatdairyproducts,thenewsletterconcludestoohastilythatODprofitswilldeclineasaresult.

16.Twoyearsagoourneighboringstate,Lucria,beganastatetheorytosupplementtaxrevenuesforeducationandpublichealth.Today,Lucriaspendsmoreperpupilthanwedo,andLucria’spublichealthprogramtreatsfarmorethanpeoplethanourstate’sprogramdoes.IfweweretoestablishastatelotteryliketheoneinL,theprofitscouldbeusedtoimproveoureducationalsystemandpublichealthprogram.Thenewlotterywoulddoubtlessbesuccessful,becauseasurveyconductedinourcapitalcityconcludesthatcitizensofIalreadyspendanaverageof$50perpersonperyearongambling.

（1）ThefactthatLnowspendsmorethanIperpupil,initself,lendsnosupporttotheargument.

（2）ThefactthatL’shealthprogramstreatmorepeoplethanI’sprogramslendsnosupporttotheargument.

（3）TheargumentunfairlyassumesthatthelotteryIhasbeenprofitable.

（4）ThefactthatI’sresidentsspend$50percapitaongamblingeachyearlendslittlesupporttotheargument.

17.Walnut’stowncouncilhasadvocatedswitchingfromEZDisposal（whichhashadthecontractfortrashcollectionservicesinWGforthepasttenyears）toABCWaste,becauseEZrecentlyraiseditsmonthlyfeefrom$2000to$2500amouth,whereasABC’sfeeisstill$20000.Butthetownismistaken;weshouldcontinueusingEZ.EZcollectstrashtwiceaweek,whileABCcollectsonlyonce.Moreover,EZ-whichlikeABC,currentlyhasafleetof20trucks-hasorderedadditionaltrucks.Finally,EZprovidesexceptionalservice;80percentofrespondentstolastyear’stownsurveyagreedthattheyweresatisfiedwithEZ’sperformance.

（1）ThefactthatEZcollectstrashtwiceasmuchasABCissignificantonlyifthetownwouldbenefitfromanadditionalcollectioneachweek.

（2）ThefactthatEZhasorderedmoretrucksprovideslittleinitselfaboutwhichservicewouldbethebetterchoiceforWG.

（3）ThemerefactthatmostrespondentstoarecentsurveyconsideredEZ’sservicesatisfactoryprovideslittlesupporttotheauthor’srecommendation.

22.Overthepastfiveyears,thepopulationofSteelCityhasincreasedbymorethan20percent,andfamilyincomesinSteelcityhavenrisenmuchfasterthanthenationalaverage.Nationwidesalesofhousespricedabove$15000haveincreasedmorethanhavesalesoflower-pricedhouses.Suchdataindicatethatweshouldmakechangesinourbusinesstoincreasecompanyprofits.First,weshouldbuildfewerlow-pricedhousesthanwedidlastyearandfocusinsteadonbuildinghousesdesignedtosellatabove$15000.Second,weshouldhireadditionalworkerssothatwecanbuildalargertotalnumberofhousesthanwedidlastyear.

1.BycitingSteelCity’spopulationincreaseinordertoargueforastep-upinhomeconstruction,thespeakerreliesoncertainunsubstantiateddemographicassumption.

2.BycitingSteelCity’sfast-risingfamily-incomeleveltosupporttherecommendation,thespeakerreliesonothertenuousassumptions:

Onesuchassumptionisthatarearesidentsinterestedinbuyingnewhomescanaffordhomespricedover$15000.

3.Evenifthisfirmbuildsandcansellexpensivehomesaccordingtothepresident’sproposal,thefirm’sprofitswouldnotnecessarilyincreaseasaresult.

24.Inordertoreducecosts,weshouldclosesomeofourexistingsmallassemblyplantsandbuildalargecentralplant.Grandviewwouldbeanideallocationforthisnewplant.First,ofthelocationsthatwehaveconsidered,GVhasthelargestadultpopulation,sothatwewillbeabletostaffourplantquicklyandeasily.SincetheaveragewageearnedbyworkersinGVislessthanthatintheotherlocations,weshouldbeabletokeepproductioncostslow.Last,asaninducementforustobuildthere,GV’stowncouncilhasofferedtoallowustooperateforthefirstthreeyearswithoutpayingcitytaxes.

1.ThefactthatGV’sadultpopulationislargerthanthatofanyotherlocalesunderconsiderationisscantinitselftoassertthatGVwouldbethebestlocationforVT.

2.ThefactthattheaverageearningoftheGv’sworkersarecomparativelylowdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatVTcouldminimizeitslaborcostsbyemployingGVresidents,asthepresidentsuggests.

3.AfinalproblemwiththeargumentinvolvesGV’swillingnesstoforegopaymentofpropertytaxesforthefirstthreeyears.

27.IthasbeentomyattentionthatSparks,themanufacturingcompanythatjustmovedintoourstate,isadvertisingjobopeningsatsalariesthataretwiceashighasthosepaidtoourexperiencedassembly-lineworkers.SomeofouremployeeshavealreadylefttoworkforSparks.Inordertokeepourbeststaff,wemustpaythemsalariesequaltothoseSparkspaysitsemployees.Otherwisewewillcontinuetoloseemployeesinthefuture,becauseSparksmuststafftheadditionalnewplantsthatitplanstobuildinthestate.

1.ThememodoesnotindicatewhatkindsofjobsSparksisnowadvertising-theonesforwhichsalariesaretobetwicethosepaidtoAutomate’sassembly-lineworkers.

2.ThepresidentassumesthatthereasonwhysomeAutomateworkershavedefectedtoSparksisthatSparkshasofferedthemhighersalaries.

3.Thepresident’sargumentrestsonetheadditionalassumptionsthatthenumberofdefectorsissignificantandthatthesedefectorsarevaluabletoAtomate.

4.ThemerefactthatSparksplanstobuildadditionalnewplantsinthestateamountstoscantevidencethatAuwillcontinuetolosevaluableemployeesunlessitraisestheirsalaries.

140.Datingherseventeenyearsasaprofessorofbotany,PThasprovedherselftobewellworthherannualsalaryof$50000.Herclassesareamongthelargestattheuniversity,demonstratingherpopularityamongstudents.Moreover,themoneyshehasbroughttotheuniversityinresearchgrantshasexceededhersalaryineachofthelasttwoyears.Therefore,inconsiderationofPT’sdemonstratedteachingandresearchabilities,werecommendthatshereceivea$10000raiseandapromotiontoDepartmentChairperson;withoutsucharaiseandpromotion,wefearthatPTwillleaveELMforanothercollege.

1.TheassumptionthatthepopularityofPT’sclassesisattributabletohereffectivenessasateacheroverlooksotherpossiblereasonsforthepopularityoftheseclasses.

2.Themerefact