语法专题一 名词1.docx
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语法专题一名词1
专题一 名词
分析近几年的高考试题我们可以看出高考在单项填空中对名词的考查主要体现在以下几个方面:
1.抽象名词的具体化
英语中的抽象名词属不可数名词的范畴,没有复数形式,也不能和不定冠词连用。
但当一些抽象名词表示具体概念时,既有复数形式,也可加不定冠词。
常见的这类词有:
success成功;成功的事或人
failure失败;失败的人或事
knowledge知识;一门知识
difficulty困难;难题
necessity必要性;必需品
beauty美;美人;美丽的东西
danger;危险危险的事情
pleasure快乐;快乐的事
Thoughhewasseriouslyinjured,thedoctorsaidhewasoutofdanger.(抽象)
Themanlookedroundcarefullyforhidden
dangers.(具体)
Theteacherlookedatwhatwashappeningingreatsurprise.(抽象)
Hiscomingbackatmidnightwasagreatsurprisetothefamily.(具体)
2.单复数含义不同的名词
英语中有些物质名词的单数和复数形式表示不同的含义。
常见的这类词有:
paper纸—papers论文
water水—waters水域
custom习惯—customs海关
manner方式—manners礼貌
look看—looks外貌;
time时间—times时代
wood木材—woods树林
sand沙子—sands沙滩
Asisknowntoall,bamboocanbemadeintopaper.
Wearesupposedtohandinourpapersattheendofthisterm.
3.作定语的名词
名词作定语时,通常表示中心词的用途、材料、时间、地点等。
silvercoins银元
peacetalks和谈
stonehouses石头房子
hearttrouble心脏病
bookshop书店
historyteacher历史教师
eveningschool夜校
flowershow花展
注意:
名词作定语一般用单数,但也有以下例外。
①用复数作定语。
sportsmeeting运动会
studentsreading-room学生阅览室
talkstable谈判桌
theforeignlanguagesdepartment外语系
②man,woman,gentleman等作定语时,其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。
amanworker—menworkers
awomanteacher—womenteachers
4.名词的双重所有格
“of+n.+-'s”为双重所有格结构,它和of所有格所表示的意义差别不大,但有时各有侧重。
双重所有格表示部分概念,of所有格表示所属关系。
试比较:
Thisisapictureofhisbrother's.这是他弟弟的一张照片。
(强调众多照片中的一张)
Thisisapictureofhisbrother.这是他弟弟的照片。
(强调照片上是他本人)
一般说来,当名词前有a(n),any,some,several,few,another及two,three等数字时,通常使用双重所有格。
5.短语中的名词
名词可以和动词、介词构成大量的固定短语,在这些短语中有的名词用单数,有的用复数,有的加冠词,有的不加冠词,对这部分内容同学们要特别留意。
catchsightof看见
taketurns轮流
makeanapologyto向……道歉
payattentionto注意
makefriendswith交朋友
makeaneffort努力
Canyousparemeafewminutes?
Iwanttohaveawordwithyou?
Thestudentsinourclasstookturnstolookaftertheoldman.
6.词义辨析
英语中有些名词的意思相同或相近,但在使用上有所差别,高考试题常常出现这类题目。
sight,view,scene,scenery都与“风景、景色”有关。
reward,award,prize都与“奖励、奖品”有关。
reason,cause,excuse,explanation都与“原因、解释”有关。
2013年高考英语试题-名词
(2013年高考英语分类解析分类整理及解析:
山东省魏桥中学英语组,原创解
【2013湖北】21.Poetrywrittenfromthe______oftheurbanyouthtendstorevealtheiranxietyoveralackofsenseofbelonging.
A.perspectiveB.priorityC.participationD.privilege析侵
【2013湖北】22.Carbondioxide,whichmakesa______betweenusandthesun,preventsheatfromgettingoutoftheatmosphereeasily,sotheearthisbecomingwarmer.
A.differenceB.comparisonC.connectionD.barrier
(2013年高考英语分类解析分类整理及解析:
山东省魏桥中学英语组,原创解析XX
【2013湖北】30.Anartistwhowasrecentlytravelingonaferrytothesouthernislanddiscovered______alonglostantiqueGreekvase.
A.atrandomB.bychanceC.inturnD.onoccasion(2必究
【2013江苏】33.Withinspirationfromotherfoodcultures,Americanfoodculturecantakea
forthebetter.
A.shareB.chanceC.turnD.lead013年高考英语分类解析分类【2013江西】22.WheneverImademistakes,theteacherpointedthemoutwith______.
A.curiosityB.satisfactionC.envyD.Patience
【2013辽宁】23.Theaccidentcausedsome______tomycar,butit’snothingserious.
A.harmB.injuryC.ruinD.damage(2013年高考英语分类解析【2013天津】7.WhileshewasinParis,shedevelopedaforfineart.
A.wayB.relationC.tasteD.Habit
【2013浙江】4.Astheworld’spopulationcontinuestogrow,the______offoodbecomesmoreandmoreofaconcern.
A.worthB.supplyC.packageD.List
【2013福建】23.Thefamousmusician,aswellashisstudents,_______toperformattheopeningceremonyofthe2012TaipeiFlowerExpo.
A.wereinvitedB.wasinvitedC.havebeeninvitedD.hasbeeninvited
【2013湖南】33.Theuniversityestimatesthatlivingexpensesforinternationalstudents________around$8,450ayear,which________aburdenforsomeofthem.
A.are;isB.are;areC.is;areD.is;is
【2013江苏】21.Generally,students’innermotivationwithhighexpectationsfromothers_________essentialtotheirdevelopment.
A.isB.areC.wasD.Were
2012年高考全国英语试题-名词
【2012全国卷II】⒚TheHarryPotterbooksarequitepopular;theyareingreat___
inthiscity.
A.qualityB.progressC.productionD.demand
【2012湖北】25.Thefurniture,withitsmodemstyleandbrightcolors,suitsmodemhousesandtheirgardens,butlooksinthegardenofatraditionalhome.
A.outofquestionB.outoforderC.outofsightD.outofplace
【2012湖北】29.Itisimportanttohaveyoureyesexaminedregularlytocheckforany
signofeyediseasethatmaynothaveany
A.symptomB.similarityC.sampleD.shadow
【2012湖北】30.TheofficerinsistedthatMichaeldidnotfollowthecorrect
inapplyingforavisa.
A.patternB.procedureC.programD.perspective
【2012福建】25.–Whydoyouchoosetoworkinaninternationaltravelagency?
--Well,youknow,Englishismy_______.Soitismybestchoice.
A.strengthB.talentC.abilityD.skill
【2012福建】26.Chinahasbeenpushingthereformofpublichospitals______allitscitizens.
A.inchargeofB.forthepurposeofC.inhonorofD.forthebenefitof
【2012山东】24.Myfirst____ofhimwasthathewasakindandthoughtfulyoungman.
A.expressionB.attentionC.satisfactionD.impression
【2012天津】3.Youareworkingtoohard.You’dbetterkeepa____betweenworkandrelaxation.
A.promiseB.leadC.balanceD.diary
【2012江西】29.You’dbetterwritedownthephonenumberofthatrestaurantforfuture_____.
A.purposeB.referenceC.progressD.memory
【2012四川】15.Hewillcometounderstandyoureffortssoonerorlater.It’sjustamatterof_____.
A.luckB.valueC.timeD.fact
【2012浙江】7.Your____asastudentwillbeexcellentifyoudevelopahabitofreflectingonhowyoulearn.
A.operationB.growthC.performanceD.character
【2012江苏】—CanIhelpyouwithit?
—Iappreciateyour______,butIcanmanageitmyself.
A.adviceB.questionC.offerD.idea
【2012江苏】29.—ThankGodyou’resafe!
—Isteppedback,just______toavoidtheracingcar.
A.intimeB.incaseC.inneedD.invain
2011年全国高考英语试题
名词
1.(2011·四川卷)13.Alwaysrememberputsuchdangerousthingsaslivesoutofchildren’s.
A.touchB.sightC.reachD.distance
2.(2011·江西卷)31.What’sthe_____,inyouropinion,ofhelpinghimifhedoesn’tmakeanefforttohelphimself?
A.sympathyB.themeC.objectD.point
3.(2011·湖北卷)21.“Tommy,run!
Bequick!
Thehouseisonfire!
”themothershouted,with______clearlyinhervoices.
A.nearB.rudenessC.regretD.panic
4.(2011·湖北卷)22.Givingupmyjobtogobacktofulltimecaudationwasabig________,butnowIknowitwasthebestdecisionIevermade.
A.projectB.commitmentC.competitionD.ambition
5.(2011·江苏卷)27.Teachershavetoconstantlyupdatetheirknowledgeinordertomaintaintheirprofessional___.
A.consequenceB.independenceC.competenceD.intelligence
6.(2011·浙江卷)18.Anyway,Ican'tcheathim-it'sagainstallmy________.
A.emotionsB.principlesC.regulationsD.opinions
7.(2011·山东卷)34.There’sa_____inourofficethatwhenit’ssomebody’sbirthday,theybringinacakeforusa
lltoshare.
A.traditionB.balanceC.concernD.relationship
8.(2011·福建卷)26.Thelackofeco-friendlyhabitsamongthepublicisthoughttobeamajorofglobalclimatechange.
A.resultB.causeC.warningD.reflection
2010名词
1.(安徽卷).Ihaven’tseenSarasinceshewasalittlegirl,andshehaschangedbeyond.
A.hearingB.strengthC.recognitionD.measure
2.(湖北卷).Thisrestauranthasbecomepopularforitswideoffoodsthatsuitalltastesandpockets.
A.divisionB.areaC.rangeD.circle
3.(湖北卷).Aftertheearthquake,thefirstthingthelocalgovernmentdidwastoprovideforthehomelessfamilies.
A.accommodationB.occupationC.equipmentD.furniture
4.(江苏卷).Thedoctorisskilledattreatinghearttroubleandneveracceptsanygiftfromhispatients,sohehasaverygood_____.
A.expectationB.reputationC.contributionD.civilization
5.(江西卷).Lastyearthenumberofstudentswhograduatedwithadrivinglicensereached200,000,a(n)of40,000peryear.
A.averageB.numberC.amountD.quantity
6.(山东卷).Thosewhosufferfromheadachewillfindtheyget______fromthismedicine.
A.reliefB.safetyC.defenseD.shelter
7.(天津卷).Jamestookthemagazinesoffthelittletabletomake_______forthetelevision.
A.roomB.areaC.fieldD.position
8.(浙江卷).Theschooladvisershelpyoutalkthroughyourproblemsbuttheydon'tgiveyouanydirect.
A.solutionB.targetC.measureD.function
2009名词
1.(江西卷23)The____________shoeswerecoveredwithmud,soIaskedthemtotakethemoffbeforetheygotinto__________car.
A.girl’s;Tom’s B.girls’;Toms’ C.girls’;Tom’s D.girl’s;Toms’
2.(天津卷1)I’mtryingtobreakthe_______ofgettinguptoolate
A.tradition B.convenience C.habit D.leisure
3.(山东卷29)-------Hesaysthatmynewcarisa____________ofmoney.
-------Don’tyouthinkthosewordsarejustsourgrapes?
A.lack B.load C.question D.waste
4.(陕西卷20)Formtheir________onthetopoftheTVTower,visitorscanhaveabetterviewofthecity.
A.stage B.position C.condition D.situation
5.(浙江卷6)Thesystemhasbeendesignedtogivestudentsquickandeasy tothedigitalresourcesofthelibrary.
A.access B.passage C.way D.approach
6.(福建卷29)TheWorldHealthOrganizationgaveawarningtothepublicwithoutanyKs5uwhenthevirusofH1N1hitMexicoinApril,2009. Ks5u
A.delay B.effort C.schedule D.considerationKs
7.(湖北卷25)Hikingbyoneselfcanbefunandgoodforhealth.Itmayalsobegoodfor
building.
A.respect B.friendship C.reputation D.character
8.(湖北卷26) A .Inourclass,whenthebellrangandtheteacherclosedhisbook,itwasa
for