茶文化旅游外文文献翻译.docx

茶文化旅游外文文献翻译.docx

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茶文化旅游外文文献翻译

文献出处：

JolliffeL,AslamMSM.Teaheritagetourism:

evidencefromSriLanka[J].JournalofHeritageTourism,2009,4（4）:

331-344.

原文

Teaheritagetourism:

evidence fromSri Lanka

LeeJolliffeandMohamedS.M.Aslam

Abstract

Withinthecontextof heritage tourism thisarticleexaminesthesupplycomponentsforthe tea-related tourism inthe tea-producingcountryof Sri Lanka,formerlyCeylon.The tourism contextin Sri Lanka isassessedanddespiteimpedimentstotourism developmentsome evidence isprovidedofanearlystageofdevelopmentoftea heritage tourism inthecountry.Thebenefitsofthisformof tourism tothe SriLankan tea economyareexploredandbarriersandthreatstoitsdevelopmentarereviewed.Thisismainlybasedonqualitativefieldstudiesof tea accommodations,tea factoryaccessand tea centreoperationsinthe tea-producinghillcountryof SriLanka.Fromthisinvestigationofthe tea-related tourism in Sri Lanka,themesforfurtherresearchonthedemandforthistypeof tourism areidentified.

Keywords:

SriLankatourism;teatourism;teaheritage;teaplantations;teafactories

Introduction

Thereisincreasedinterestinthevalueof heritage to tourism,fromthedemandsideintermsoftheimportanceof heritage tothemotivationsof tourists （Nyaupane,White,&Budruk, 2006）andonthesupplyside（Smith, 2003）creatinginterpretationsandrepresentationsof heritage andrelatedexperiencesforvisitors.Apostolakis （2003） examinedhowthesedemandandsupplyaspectsofheritage convergein heritage tourism toincorporateaspectsofauthenticity.Dutta,BanerjeeandHusain （2007） identifytheutilizationof heritage resourcesasvisitorattractionsitesasanimportanttrendintheexpandingdemandfor heritage tourism.

Thisphenomenaof heritage tourism isrecognizedascomplexandcontextuallydetermined（Timothy&Boyd, 2003）aswellasdiverse,illustratedbySmith （2003） asincludingdifferentsubsets,includingheritage tourism,arts tourism,creative tourism,urbancultural tourism,ruralcultural tourism,indigenouscultural tourism andpopularcultural tourism. Heritage tourism inruralareasincludes:

village,farmoragro-tourism;ecomuseums;culturallandscapes;nationalparks;andculinarytrails（Smith, 2003,p.37）.Such tourism canbeadevelopmenttoolforruralareas（MacDonald&Jolliffe, 2003）whereafocusonagri-tourism or heritage tourism canbeimplementedasaformofdevelopment.Inruralareas, tourism developmentisgenerallyacknowledgedtorequirecommunityparticipation（MacDonald&Jolliffe, 2003）.However,insomedevelopingcountrysituations,thisparticipationmaybehinderedbyoperational,structuralorculturalparticipationconstraints（Duttaetal., 2007）.Nonetheless,linkageswithagricultureandfood tourism strategies（Hall,Mitchell,&Sharples, 2003）havebeenacknowledgedasformsof tourism developmentinthesesituations.

Tourism in Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka,formerlyCeylon,isasmallisland（65,610squaremiles）intheIndianOceanoffthesoutheasterncoastofIndia,880 kmnorthoftheequator.Occupyingastrategicpositioninancientsearoutesforcenturiestravellershavebeenattractedtothenaturalandculturalresourcesofthistropicalisland.Thecountryexperiencesavarietyofclimatesandweatherconditionsthroughouttheyearwith14–27°CtemperaturesfromthehillcountrytolowlandsandsouthwestmonsoonandnortheastmonsoonrainsfromMaytoJulyandDecembertoJanuaryrespectively（EncyclopediaBritannica, 2004）.Therehavebeenanumberofthreatstothegrowthof tourism in Sri Lanka,notablyfromrecurringcivilconflictandthe2004Asiantsunami.Formanyyears tourism thushasnotbeenabletoflourish（SriLanka Tourism DevelopmentAuthority, 2007）.Cochraneindicates‘nootherdestinationhasbeenbesetbysucharangeoflong-lastingandseriouscrisesas Sri Lanka’.Inaddition,contemporary tourismdevelopmentissuesfor Sri Lanka includeconservationandpreservation,diversificationanddiversion,benefitsandcosts,constructionanddestruction,aswellasforwardandbackwardlinkages,as tourismlinkagesarepervasivewithintherelativelydiversifiedeconomy（Cochrane, 2008,p.79）.

Althoughrecognizedasatoolofsocio-economicdevelopment, tourism herecouldnoteffectivelycontributetosustainabledevelopmentduetopoorpolicyplanningandmismanagement（Aslam, 2004;Bandara, 2003）particularlywithinagriculture.Aftertheestablishmentofthe Tourism MasterPlanin1992（UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme（UNDP）&WorldTradeOrganization, 1993）thepoliciesandbehaviouroftheindustrystartedtomovetowardssustainabledevelopment,whichstimulatesandimprovesthelivingstandardsofthepeople,whilepreservingandconservingthenaturalfragileandmanmaderesources.Economic-orientedpolicyandbehaviourofdestinationsorhostsledtheindustry