美国宪法英文.docx

美国宪法英文.docx

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美国宪法英文

美国宪法（英文）

[日期：

2006-04-12]

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         THECONSTITUTIONOFTHEUNITEDSTATESOFAMERICA

March4,1789

Preamble

WethepeopleoftheUnitedStates,inordertoformamoreperfectunion,establishjustice,insuredomestictranquility,provideforthecommondefense,promotethegeneralwelfare,andsecuretheblessingsoflibertytoourselvesandourposterity,doordainandestablishthisConstitutionfortheUnitedStatesofAmerica.

ArticleI

Section1.AlllegislativepowershereingrantedshallbevestedinaCongressoftheUnitedStates,whichshallconsistofaSenateandHouseofRepresentatives.

Section2.TheHouseofRepresentativesshallbecomposedofmemberschoseneverysecondyearbythepeopleoftheseveralstates,andtheelectorsineachstateshallhavethequalificationsrequisiteforelectorsofthemostnumerousbranchofthestatelegislature.

NopersonshallbeaRepresentativewhoshallnothaveattainedtotheageoftwentyfiveyears,andbeensevenyearsacitizenoftheUnitedStates,andwhoshallnot,whenelected,beaninhabitantofthatstateinwhichheshallbechosen.

Representativesanddirecttaxesshallbeapportionedamongtheseveralstateswhichmaybeincludedwithinthisunion,accordingtotheirrespectivenumbers,whichshallbedeterminedbyaddingtothewholenumberoffreepersons,includingthoseboundtoserviceforatermofyears,andexcludingIndiansnottaxed,threefifthsofallotherPersons.TheactualEnumerationshallbemadewithinthreeyearsafterthefirstmeetingoftheCongressoftheUnitedStates,andwithineverysubsequenttermoftenyears,insuchmannerastheyshallbylawdirect.ThenumberofRepresentativesshallnotexceedoneforeverythirtythousand,buteachstateshallhaveatleastoneRepresentative;anduntilsuchenumerationshallbemade,thestateofNewHampshireshallbeentitledtochoosethree,Massachusettseight,RhodeIslandandProvidencePlantationsone,Connecticutfive,NewYorksix,NewJerseyfour,Pennsylvaniaeight,Delawareone,Marylandsix,Virginiaten,NorthCarolinafive,SouthCarolinafive,andGeorgiathree.

WhenvacancieshappenintheRepresentationfromanystate,theexecutiveauthoritythereofshallissuewritsofelectiontofillsuchvacancies.

TheHouseofRepresentativesshallchoosetheirspeakerandotherofficers;andshallhavethesolepowerofimpeachment.

Section3.TheSenateoftheUnitedStatesshallbecomposedoftwoSenatorsfromeachstate,chosenbythelegislaturethereof,forsixyears;andeachSenatorshallhaveonevote.Immediatelyaftertheyshallbeassembledinconsequenceofthefirstelection,theyshallbedividedasequallyasmaybeintothreeclasses.TheseatsoftheSenatorsofthefirstclassshallbevacatedattheexpirationofthesecondyear,ofthesecondclassattheexpirationofthefourthyear,andthethirdclassattheexpirationofthesixthyear,sothatonethirdmaybechoseneverysecondyear;andifvacancieshappenbyresignation,orotherwise,duringtherecessofthelegislatureofanystate,theexecutivethereofmaymaketemporaryappointmentsuntilthenextmeetingofthelegislature,whichshallthenfillsuchvacancies.

NopersonshallbeaSenatorwhoshallnothaveattainedtotheageofthirtyyears,andbeennineyearsacitizenoftheUnitedStatesandwhoshallnot,whenelected,beaninhabitantofthatstateforwhichheshallbechosen.

TheVicePresidentoftheUnitedStatesshallbePresidentoftheSenate,butshallhavenovote,unlesstheybeequallydivided.

TheSenateshallchoosetheirotherofficers,andalsoaPresidentprotempore,intheabsenceoftheVicePresident,orwhenheshallexercisetheofficeofPresidentoftheUnitedStates.

TheSenateshallhavethesolepowertotryallimpeachments.Whensittingforthatpurpose,theyshallbeonoathoraffirmation.WhenthePresidentoftheUnitedStatesistried,theChiefJusticeshallpreside:

Andnopersonshallbeconvictedwithouttheconcurrenceoftwothirdsofthememberspresent.

Judgmentincasesofimpeachmentshallnotextendfurtherthantoremovalfromoffice,anddisqualificationtoholdandenjoyanyofficeofhonor,trustorprofitundertheUnitedStates:

butthepartyconvictedshallneverthelessbeliableandsubjecttoindictment,trial,judgmentandpunishment,accordingtolaw.

Section4.Thetimes,placesandmannerofholdingelectionsforSenatorsandRepresentatives,shallbeprescribedineachstatebythelegislaturethereof;buttheCongressmayatanytimebylawmakeoraltersuchregulations,exceptastotheplacesofchoosingSenators.

TheCongressshallassembleatleastonceineveryyear,andsuchmeetingshallbeonthefirstMondayinDecember,unlesstheyshallbylawappointadifferentday.Section5.EachHouseshallbethejudgeoftheelections,returnsandqualificationsofitsownmembers,andamajorityofeachshallconstituteaquorumtodobusiness;butasmallernumbermayadjournfromdaytoday,andmaybeauthorizedtocompeltheattendanceofabsentmembers,insuchmanner,andundersuchpenaltiesaseachHousemayprovide.

EachHousemaydeterminetherulesofitsproceedings,punishitsmembersfordisorderlybehavior,and,withtheconcurrenceoftwothirds,expelamember.

EachHouseshallkeepajournalofitsproceedings,andfromtimetotimepublishthesame,exceptingsuchpartsasmayintheirjudgmentrequiresecrecy;andtheyeasandnaysofthemembersofeitherHouseonanyquestionshall,atthedesireofonefifthofthosepresent,beenteredonthejournal.

NeitherHouse,duringthesessionofCongress,shall,withouttheconsentoftheother,adjournformorethanthreedays,nortoanyotherplacethanthatinwhichthetwoHousesshallbesitting.

Section6.TheSenatorsandRepresentativesshallreceiveacompensationfortheirservices,tobeascertainedbylaw,andpaidoutofthetreasuryoftheUnitedStates.Theyshallinallcases,excepttreason,felonyandbreachofthepeace,beprivilegedfromarrestduringtheirattendanceatthesessionoftheirrespectiveHouses,andingoingtoandreturningfromthesame;andforanyspeechordebateineitherHouse,theyshallnotbequestionedinanyotherplace.

NoSenatororRepresentativeshall,duringthetimeforwhichhewaselected,beappointedtoanycivilofficeundertheauthorityoftheUnitedStates,whichshallhavebeencreated,ortheemolumentswhereofshallhavebeenincreasedduringsuchtime;andnopersonholdinganyofficeundertheUnitedStates,shallbeamemberofeitherHouseduringhiscontinuanceinoffice.

Section7.AllbillsforraisingrevenueshalloriginateintheHouseofRepresentatives;buttheSenatemayproposeorconcurwithamendmentsasonotherBills.

EverybillwhichshallhavepassedtheHouseofRepresentativesandtheSenate,shall,beforeitbecomealaw,bepresentedtothePresidentoftheUnitedStates;ifheapproveheshallsignit,butifnotheshallreturnit,withhisobjectionstothatHouseinwhichitshallhaveoriginated,whoshallentertheobjectionsatlargeontheirjournal,andproceedtoreconsiderit.IfaftersuchreconsiderationtwothirdsofthatHouseshallagreetopassthebill,itshallbesent,togetherwiththeobjections,totheotherHouse,bywhichitshalllikewisebereconsidered,andifapprovedbytwothirdsofthatHouse,itshallbecomealaw.ButinallsuchcasesthevotesofbothHousesshallbedeterminedbyyeasandnays,andthenamesofthepersonsvotingforandagainstthebillshallbeenteredonthejournalofeachHouserespectively.IfanybillshallnotbereturnedbythePresidentwithintendays（Sundaysexcepted）afteritshallhavebeenpresentedtohim,thesameshallbealaw,inlikemannerasifhehadsignedit,unlesstheCongressbytheiradjournmentpreventitsreturn,inwhichcaseitshallnotbealaw.

Everyorder,resolution,orvotetowhichtheconcurrenceoftheSenateandHouseofRepresentativesmaybenecessary（exceptonaquestionofadjournment）shallbepresentedtothePresidentoftheUnitedStates;andbeforethesameshalltakeeffect,shallbeapprovedbyhim,orbeingdisapprovedbyhim,shallberepassedbytwothirdsoftheSenateandHouseofRepresentatives,accordingtotherulesandlimitationsprescribedinthecaseofabill.

Section8.TheCongressshallhavepowertolayandcollecttaxes,duties,impostsandexcises,topaythedebtsandprovideforthecommondefenseandgeneralwelfareoftheUnitedStates;butallduties,impostsandexcisesshallbeuniformthroughouttheUnitedStates;

ToborrowmoneyonthecreditoftheUnitedStates

Toregulatecommercewithforeignnations,andamongtheseveralstates,andwiththeIndiantribes;

Toestablishauniformruleofnaturalization,anduniformlawsonthesubjectofbankruptciesthroughouttheUnitedStates

Tocoinmoney,regulatethevaluethereof,andofforeigncoin,andfixthestandardofweightsandmeasures;

ToprovideforthepunishmentofcounterfeitingthesecuritiesandcurrentcoinoftheUnitedStates

Toestablishpostofficesandpostroads;

Topromotetheprogressofscienceandusefularts,bysecuringforlimitedtimestoauthorsandinventorstheexclusiverighttotheirrespectivewritingsanddiscoveries;

ToconstitutetribunalsinferiortotheSupremeCourt;

Todefineandpunishpiraciesandfeloniescommittedonthehighseas,andoffensesagainstthelawofnations;

Todeclarewar,grantlettersofmarqueandreprisal,andmakerulesconcerningcapturesonlandandwater;

Toraiseandsupportarmies,butnoappropriationofmoneytothatuseshallbeforalongertermthantwoyears;

Toprovideand