版高考英语一轮复习选修8Module5TheConquestoftheUniverse.docx
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版高考英语一轮复习选修8Module5TheConquestoftheUniverse
Module5TheConquestoftheUniverse
□leapn.□autonomousadj.□broadadj.□consultv.
□jointadj.□authorityn.□sympathyn.□whilstconj.
□Marsn.□swearv.□commitmentn.□arguablyadv.
□Jupitern.□avengev.□oughtv.□dramaticadj.
□Aldebarann.□lattern.□consistentadj.□invasionn.
□proben.□graspn.□faithn.□alienn.
□Saturnn.□gloryn.□rationaladj.□impactn.
□shuttlen.□divisionn.□dignityn.□inescapableadj.
□planetn.□airspacen.□prayv.□vanguardn.
□ultravioletadj.□motherlandn.□holyadj.□underwayadj.
□randomadj.□abstractadj.□acuteadj.□hysterian.
□backwardsadv.□foreseev.□stableadj.□newsflashn.
□knightn.□destinyn.□supremeadj.□mountingadj.
□tensionn.□aidn.□scholarn.
1．（2020·浙江卷）By9:
33a．m.,aburstofadditionaltrafficmightpushitto145seconds.一阵
2．（2020·江苏卷）AndtensofmillionsinAfricaandAsiacanseebecauseofthecommitmentWilsonmadetopreventingthepreventable.奉献
3．（2018·全国卷Ⅰ）Agraspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesisoneofthefirststepstocreatingroomsyou'lllovetolivein.理解力
4．（2018·江苏卷）Tomakemattersworse,Mothwasdiagnosed（诊断）withaseriousdisease.Therewasnocure,onlypainrelief.缓解；减轻
5．（2017·江苏卷）However,oneday,inthemusicclassthatwaspartofhisschool'sstandardcurriculum,hewasplayingidly（随意地）onthepianoandfounditeasytopickouttunes.曲调
[单词 拼写·运用]
核心单词
语境运用
1．historicadj.历史性的，有重大历史意义的
2．tunev．收看（电视）；收听（广播）
3．witnessv．目击，亲眼看见；亲身经历
4．burstv．爆炸
5．viewv．看，观察
6．decaden．十年
7．acknowledgev．承认；认为
8．deedn．行为
9．defeatn．失败
10．accusev．指责
11．sorrown．悲伤；悲痛
12．deliberatelyadv.蓄意地，故意地
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1．（2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ）However,herchildrenhavelearnedanimportantlessonwitnessing（witness）theirmotherearnherdegree.
2．（2020·全国卷Ⅱ）Thoseviewing（view）thequalityofAbbotHall'stemporaryexhibitionsmaybeforgivenforthinkingtheyareinacitygallery.
3．（2019·浙江卷）We'vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecades（decade）agowhenparentstendedtobemorestrict.
4．（2018·天津卷）Iknewweweregoingtowin,buttomydisappointmentwewere_defeated（defeat）．
5．Therearemanygooddeeds（deed）inourclass,indeedinthewholeschool.
派生单词
语境运用
1．accustomv．使习惯于→accustomedadj.习惯的
2．assumev．假定，假设→assumingconj.假定，如果→assumptionn．假定，假设
3．patientadj.耐心的n.病人→patiencen．耐心→patientlyadv.耐心地
4．advancev．&n．前进；进展→advancedadj.高级的，先进的
5．dependv．依靠；取决于→dependentadj.依赖的→dependencen．依赖，依靠→independencen．独立
6．reliefn．安慰；宽慰→relievev．安慰；宽慰
7．devotev．致力于→devotedadj.忠诚的→devotionn．忠诚
8．observev．观察→observationn．观察；监视
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1．Althoughthepatientwasoutofpatience,thenursewasstillpatientwithherworkanddiditpatiently.（patient）
2．Atfirst,AnnetotallydependedonJack,herhusband.Aftermanyyearsofstruggle,shegainedherindependenceandnowsheisdependentonherselftoleadanewlife.（depend）
3．Itwasfirstassumedthathewasthemurderer,butlateritturnedouttobeafalseassumption.（assume）
4．Withthehelpoftheadvancedtechnology,wecancompletethetaskinadvance.（advance）
5．Mr.Blackismydevotedfriend.Hedevoteshislifetodoingscientificresearch.Irespecthisdevotiontoscience.（devote）
[短语 理解·运用]
高频短语
语境运用
1．in_spite_of不管；尽管
2．at_the_very_beginning_of在……一开始
3．be_accustomed_to习惯于
4．accuse_sb.of_doing_sth.指责某人某事
5．pray_for祈望；祈求
6．make/have_an_impact_on对……有影响
选用左栏短语的适当形式填空。
Tomusedtobeabadboy.He①was_accustomed_todoingsomethingsthatheshouldn'thavedone.②In_spite_ofthefactthathe③was_accused_oflookingdownuponthedisabledpersoninpublic,heturnedadeafeartoit,which④madeabad⑤impact_ontheotherstudentsinhisclass.Afterhisheadteacher'spatientteaching,hebecameagoodboyfinally.
7．set_out开始做；着手进行
8．be_similar_to与……相似
9．a_series_of一系列的；一连串的
10．break_out爆发
11．（be）_aware_of意识到，明白
12．result_in导致，引起
13．make_it成功，及时到达
选用左栏短语的适当形式填空。
Tsunamis（海啸）are⑥a_series_ofhugewavescreatedbyanundergroundmovementsuchasearthquakeoravolcaniceruption.Atsunamicantravelhundredsofmilesperhourintheopenoceanandhitthelandwithhugewaves.Amovementoftheoceanfloor,causedbyearthquakes,mostoften⑦results_intsunamis.Ifatsunamioccursclosetoacoast,thefirstwavecouldreachthebeachinafewminutes,evenbeforeyou⑧are_aware_ofit.
[句式 辨识·运用]
教材原句背诵
句式仿写应用
1.seemtohavedonesth.似乎做了某事
BythetimetheChallengertookoffin1986,theworldseemedtohavelostitsfearandwonderattheamazingachievementofpeoplegoingupintospace.
这个名字好耳熟，好像我听老师提到过。
Thenamesoundssofamiliar.Iseem_to_have_hearditmentionedbymyteacher.
2.no＋比较级＋than...表示“和……一样不……”
Theworldwasinshock—maybetheyassumedthisspaceflightwouldbenomoredangerousthangettingonanaeroplane.
两个故事我都不喜欢，因为这个故事和那个故事一样无趣。
Ilikeneitherofthetwostories,forthisstoryisno_more_interesting_thanthatone.
3.as引导让步状语从句。
Incredibleasitmayseem,boththeobservationsofscienceandtheevidenceofoureyesleadtotheinescapableassumptionthat...
虽然这部手机很便宜，但因为过时了，很多人不愿意买它。
Cheap_as_this_mobile_phone_is,manypeoplerefusetobuyitbecauseit'soutofdate.
1．accustomedadj.习惯的；通常的，惯常的
（1）beaccustomedto（doing）sth.习惯于做某事（状态）
get/becomeaccustomedto（doing）sth.习惯于做某事（动作）
（2）accustomvt.使习惯于
accustomoneselfto（doing）sth.使自己习惯于（做）某事
takehisaccustomedseatbythefire坐在火炉旁他常坐的座位上
apersonaccustomedtohavingeighthours'sleepanight一个习惯每晚睡8小时的人
accustommyselftoallthenewrulesandregulations使自己适应所有新的规章制度
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①However,insteadofdevotingthemselvestotheirwork,theyfindthemselvesworkingtosupportthelifestyletowhichtheyhavesoquicklybecomeaccustomed（accustom）．
②Havinglotsofinterestingthingstodo,Ifinallygotaccustomedtoenjoying（enjoy）myschoollife.
③Tobreatheinmorefreshair,youmustaccustomyourselftogettingupearly.
[链接写作]——一句多译
我习惯于生活在乡村，总是觉得生活在城市很困难。
①Accustomed_to_living_in_the_country,Ialwaysfindithardtoliveinthecity.（过去分词短语作状语）
②Accustoming_myself_to_living_in_the_country,Ialwaysfindithardtoliveinthecity.（现在分词短语作状语）
2．assumev．假设，假定，认为；承担；假装
[高考原句·2019·江苏卷]Wearesofondofourhighintelligencethatweassumethatwhenitcomestobrainpower,moremustbebetter.
[一词多义]——写出下列句中assume的含义
①（2019·江苏卷）Weassumethatalargebrainmakeshugeadvantages.Itseemsobviousthatthesehavemadehumankindthemostpowerfulanimalonearth.假定
②Hepromisestoassumetheresponsibilityifthetaskcan'tbecompletedontime.承担
③Thelookofinnocencesheassumedhadusallfooled.假装
（1）assumethat...假定，认为……
itisassumed（that）...普遍认为……
assume...tobe...认为……是……；假定……是……
assumeduty/responsibility承担责任
（2）assumingthat假定……（作状语）
（3）assumptionn．假定，假设
assumehimtobeinnocentuntilheisprovedguilty
在他被证明有罪之前，假定他是无辜的
assumetheresponsibilityforit为此承担责任
assumingthatyouareright假定你是对的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①（2018·江苏卷）Trytounderstandwhat'sactuallyhappeninginsteadofactingontheassumption（assume）you'vemade.
②Assuming（assume）thatheisn'tthatlucky,whatshallwedotocomforthim?
③Hewaslivingunderanassumed（assume）name.
[链接写作]——词汇升级
普通表达：
Iftherewasn'tthehardworkofthedustmen,whatcanyouimagineourenvironmentwouldbe?
高级表达：
Assuming_（that）therewasn'tthehardworkofthedustmen,whatcanyouimagineourenvironmentwouldbe?
3．acknowledgev．承认；认为；感谢；告知收到
[一词多义]——写出下列句中acknowledge的含义
①（2019·全国卷Ⅱ）Heryearsofhardworkhavefinallybeenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated（提名）hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.承认，认可
②I'mgoingtoinviteyoutodinnerwithmetoacknowledgeyourfavor.感谢
③Thearmysentmeapostcardacknowledgingmyrequest.告知收到
④Almostallthepeoplepresentacknowledgedthathewasinnocent.认为
acknowledge＋that从句承认做了某事
acknowledge...as.../tobe...认为……是……（常用于被动语态）
Itiswidely/universallyacknowledgedthat...大家公认……
agenerallyacknowledgedfact公认的事实
beacknowledgedtobeamasterofPekingOpera被认为是京剧大师
beacknowledgedasamust seetouristattractioninChina被认为是中国必看的一个景点
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Withnosolidevidence,herefusedtoacknowledgethathehad_stolen（steal）thelady'spurse.
②MarkTwainisacknowledgedto_be（be）oneofthebestwritersinAmerica.
[链接写作]——完成句子
大家一致认为除非我们创造一个污染更少的世界，否则我们不可能看到更蓝的天空。
It_is_widely_acknowledged_thatwecanneverexpectabluerskyunlesswecreatealesspollutedworld.
4．accusesb.ofsth.指责/控告某人……
（1）accusesb.of（doing）sth.＝chargesb.with（doing）sth.控告/指责某人做某事
accusesb.forsth.为某事指责某人
accusesb.as指责某人为……
（2）theaccused被告
beaccusedofcausingtheaccident被指控造成了这次事故
beaccusedofpurposelymakingtrouble被指责故意找事
getaccusedfortheseriousconsequences由于严重的后果受到指控
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Theshopassistantwasdismissedasshewasaccusedofcheatingcustomers.
＝Theshopassistantwasdismissedasshewaschargedwithcheatingcustomers.
②Manoftenaccusesnatureforhisownmisfortune.
③Theaccused（accuse）wasdeclaredtobeinnocentbythecourtforlackofproof.
[链接写作]——句式升级
普通表达：
Thewomanwasaccusedofstealing1.2milliondollarsandshewastryingtofindherselfalawyer.
①高级表达：
Thewomanaccused_of_stealing_1.2_million_dollarswastryingtofindherselfalawyer.（过去分词短语作定语）
②高级表达：
Thewomanwho_was_accused_of_stealing_1.2_million_dollarswastryingtofindherselfalawyer.（定语从句）
5．（教材P69）Incredibleasitmayseem,boththeobservationsofscienceandtheevidenceofoureyesleadtotheinescapableassumptionthat...
尽管看起来不可思议，但科学观测以及我们肉眼看到的证据都必然会让我们做出一个设想……
[句型公式] 本句为主从复合句，Incredibleasitmayseem是由as引导的让步状语从句，其中Incredibleasitmayseem＝Although/Thoughitmayseemincredible。
as引导让步状语从句时，从句须倒装，其中as与though可互换。
其结构为：
（
升级会员 