1124第四单元学生预习材料.docx

1124第四单元学生预习材料.docx

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1124第四单元学生预习材料

Languagetoolbox

Part1Warm-upQuestions:

☐1.Howhastheenvironmentchangedinyourmemory?

GivesomeExamples.

☐2.What’stheglobalsituationofenvironmentaldegradationandwhatmightbethemaincausesforit？

☐3.Haveyoueverparticipatedinanyenvironmentalprojectsoractivities？

☐4.Whatdoyouthinkofpeople’sawarenessofenvironmentalprotection?

☐5.Whatdoyouworrymostaboutthefutureoftheenvironment？

Part2GroupDiscussion:

☐TalkaboutthepolicyofHongkong’smanagementofMSW（municipalsolidwaste）accordingtothewastehierarchy.

☐Talkaboutlowcarbonemissionandthepracticalmeasurestoleadalowcarbonlifestyle.

☐Discussaboutthejointeffortsforthesystematiceco-environmentaldevelopment!

Directions:

Readthematerialsanddiscusstheabovetopics.

Part3VocabularyforVCR:

Part4AcademicActivities:

InternationalAcademicConference（I）

Conference--RelatedWords

☐Openingceremony,Closingceremony

☐keynotespeech主题发言

☐plenarysession全体会议

☐Postersession论文展示

☐Panelsession专题讨论会

☐Discussion/Question&answersession

☐Fieldtrip考察活动

☐Reception/banquet招待晚宴

☐Calledtoorderbythepresidingofficer

主持人致辞

☐Rollcall点名

☐Announcementofquorum宣布大会决议

☐Reading/approvaloftheminutesofthepreviousmeeting宣读（通过）前期会议纪要

☐Relatedmatters相关事宜

☐Unfinishedbusiness未尽事宜

☐Appointmentsandremoval任命及离任

☐Adjournment[ə'dʒɜ:

nmənt]休会

Speechesatconferences

☐Openingremarks

☐Closingremarks

☐Keynotespeeches

☐Academicspeech--presentation

Assignment:

☐You’resupposedtoprepareakeynotespeechrelatedtoyourareaforaninternationalconference.

Passage1

CarbonFootprint

Acarbonfootprinthashistoricallybeendefinedas"thetotalsetofgreenhousegas（GHG）emissionscausedbyanorganization,event,productorperson."Thenanewdefinitionissuggestedas"Ameasureofthetotalamountofcarbondioxide（CO2）andmethane（CH4）emissionsofadefinedpopulation,systemoractivity,consideringallrelevantsources,sinksandstoragewithinthespatialandtemporalboundaryofthepopulation,systemoractivityofinterest.Calculatedascarbondioxideequivalent（CO2e）usingtherelevant100-yearglobalwarmingpotential（GWP100）."

Greenhousegasescanbeemittedthroughtransport,landclearance,andtheproductionandconsumptionoffood,fuels,manufacturedgoods,materials,wood,roads,buildings,andservices.Forsimplicityofreporting,itisoftenexpressedintermsoftheamountofcarbondioxide,oritsequivalentofotherGHGs,emitted.MostofthecarbonfootprintemissionsfortheaverageU.S.householdcomefrom"indirect"sources,i.e.fuelburnedtoproducegoodsfarawayfromthefinalconsumer.Thesearedistinguishedfromemissionswhichcomefromburningfueldirectlyinone'scarorstove,commonlyreferredtoas"direct"sourcesoftheconsumer'scarbonfootprint.

Anindividual's,nation's,ororganization'scarbonfootprintcanbemeasuredbyundertakingaGHGemissionsassessmentorothercalculativeactivitiesdenotedascarbonaccounting.Oncethesizeofacarbonfootprintisknown,astrategycanbedevisedtoreduceit,e.g.bytechnologicaldevelopments,betterprocessandproductmanagement,changedGreenPublicorPrivateProcurement（GPP）,carboncapture,consumptionstrategies,andothers.Severalfreeonlinecarbonfootprintcalculatorsexist,withatleastonesupportedbypubliclyavailablepeer-revieweddataandcalculationsfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley'sCoolClimateNetworkresearchconsortium.

（FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia）

Passage2

Therapidriseinthenumberofenvironmentalprotestspointstotwoconflictingtendencies:

citizens'awakeningenvironmentalawarenessandsomelocalauthorities'obsessionwitheconomicgrowth,evenifitcomesatthecostoftheenvironment.

ThestatisticsreleasedbyanenvironmentalexpertatalecturehostedbytheStandingCommitteeoftheNationalPeople'sCongressonFridayshowthatthenumberofproteststriggeredbyenvironmentalconcernshasbeenincreasingby29percentannuallysincethelate1990s.ThelatestonewasinNingbo,EastChina'sZhejiangprovince,wherepeopleprotestedagainsttheproposedexpansionofapetrochemicalplantlatelastweek.

Giventhecentralauthorities'repeatedemphasisonchangingthecountry'sdevelopmentmodeandthesustainabilityofthecountry'seconomicgrowth,aswellascitizens'strongreservationsaboutenvironmentallyriskyindustrialprojects,localgovernmentsneedtochangetheirmentalityaboutgrowth.

Toomanylocalgovernmentsarestillpreoccupiedwithgrossdomesticproduct,theconcernresidentshavedemonstratedaboutthedownsidesofthispreoccupationshouldserveasareminderthatthequalityofgrowthismoreimportantthanquantity.

Theconflictsthathavearisenbetweenresidentsandlocalgovernments,someofwhichhaveevendevelopedintoriots,showthatsomelocalleadersstillneedtoacquaintthemselveswiththenotionthatresidents'righttoahealthyenvironmentmustbeadequatelyrespected.

Onceresidentstaketothestreetsorresorttootherextremeactionsinordertomaketheirvoicesheard,localleadersshouldfirstreflectonhowtheyhavefailedthem,insteadofaccusingthecitizensofdamagingsocialstability.

LeadersofShifang,SouthwestChina'sSichuanprovince,recalledthattheriotinJulycouldhavebeenavoidedhadthelocalgovernmentmademoretransparenttheentireprocessfortheplanningofthecopperplantandhadmorecommunicationwithresidents.

Topreventsuchincidents,governmentsatalllevelsneedtoincreasetheirgoverningtransparencyandshowproperconcernforpeople'sinterestswhendrawinguptheirdevelopmentplans.

Bydoingthistheywillbeabletoplaytheirpartinthenecessarytransformationoftheeconomicgrowthmode.

（FromChinaDaily10/29/2012page8）

Passage3

ACalltoAction

Tocontinueordieout?

That'sthequestionfacingtheKyotoProtocol,whichsetsbindingemissionreductiontargetsfordevelopedcountries,asthefirstphaseoftheprotocolwillcometoanendonDecember31.Thefateofthe15-year-oldKyotoProtocolwillbedecidedbyparticipatinggovernmentsattheongoingUNClimateChangeConferenceinDoha,Qatar.

TheDohaconferenceshouldprioritizetheimplementationofpreviousconsensus,whichincludescompletingnegotiationsonthe2007BaliActionPlan,adoptingandimplementingalegallybindingsecondcommitmentperiodoftheKyotoProtocolandofferingsupporttodevelopingcountriesintermsoffunding,technologytransferandcapacitybuilding,saidXieZhenhua,ViceChairmanoftheNationalDevelopmentandReformCommissionofChina,ataconferenceunveilingadocumenttitledChina'sPoliciesandActionsforAddressingClimateChange2012inBeijingonNovember21.

Thornyproblems

ThesecondcommitmentperiodoftheKyotoProtocolappearedtohavebeensettledattheDurbanconferencelastyear,butissuesrelatedtoitsimplementationwillbeheatedlydiscussedattheDohaconference,saidSuWei,China'schiefclimatechangenegotiator,inaDohamediabriefing.

AccordingtoaUNpressrelease,keyissuesundertheKyotoProtocolthatmustbedecidedinclude:

thelengthofthesecondcommitmentperiodandhowtoconverttargetsintoso-called"quantifiedemissionlimitationandreductionobjectives"—theunitsofbindingreductioncommitments,aswellashowtocarryoverunusedemissioncreditsofeconomiesintransitionintothesecondphaseoftheprotocol.

Itwillbeverydifficulttosetamechanismaimingtoraiseemissionreductiontargetsfordevelopedcountriesinthenextfewyears,Susaid.

AttheDohaconference,governmentsalsoneedtodecidewhichelementsoftheBaliActionPlanhavebeenachieved,whatadditionaldecisionscanbetakenandwhichelementsmayneedtobefurtheraddressed.

Unresolvedissuesincludehowtoapplytheprincipleof"commonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilities,"howtomanageintellectualpropertyrightsinthetransferoftechnology,andhowtoavoidsettingtradebarriersinthenameofcopingwithclimatechange,saidSu.

NegotiationsontheDurbanPlatformwillsparkafiercedebate.LastyearinDurban,governmentsdecidedtoreachauniversalclimatechangeagreementcoveringallcountriesfrom2020,tobeadoptedby2015.ThiswasacompromisecomingoutoftheextendedhoursofdebateattheDurbanconference.

SomecountrieshavemovedawayfromtheBaliActionPlannegotiationsandswitchedtheirfocustotheDurbanPlatform,whichstartedthisyear,accordingtotheClimateChangeGreenPaper2012releasedbytheChineseAcademyofSocialSciencesonNovember21.

ConsensusonsomebasicconceptsandprinciplesoftheDurbanPlatformshouldbereachedattheDohaconference,Susaid.

Ifdevelopedcountriestrytomaketheplatformabrand-newtableforclimatetalksinwhichtheprincipleof"commonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilities"isvoid,thosemoveswillgoagainsttheconsensusreachedattheDurbanconference,hesaid.

Fundingconcernswillpresentanotherproblem.AccordingtotheCopenhagenAccordin2009,developedcountriesshouldraiseUS$30billionfrom2010to2012asfast-startfinance."Thefast-startfinancewillbeduebytheendof2012,and2013isstillunfunded,"saidSu.

Highexpectations

Therelentlessamountofcarbonemissionsreleasedbydevelopedcountriesintheirindustrializationprocessoverthepast200yearshaveraisedthedensityofgreenhousegases,whichisthemaincauseofclimatechange.Thus,theyshouldshouldermajorresponsibilities,Susaid.

"Whilesustainabledevelopmentandpovertyeradicationremainurgentchallengesandoverridingprioritiesinourdev