学术英语理工类课后题答案.docx
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学术英语理工类课后题答案
学术英语理工类课后题答案
Reading:
Text1
1.Matchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.
1g2a3e4b5c6d7j8f9h10i
2.CompletethefollowingexpressionsorsentencesbyusingthetargetwordslistedbelowwiththehelpoftheChineseinbrackets.Changetheformifnecessary.
1symbolic2distributed3site4complex5identify
6fairly7straightforward8capability9target10attempt
11process12parameter13interpretation14technical
15range16exploit17networking18involve
19instance20specification21accompany22predictable23profile
3.Readthesentencesinthebox.Payattentiontothepartsinbold.
9Cunning10vulnerability
11criminal12patches13sinister14daunting15replicate
16malicious17spirals18secure19blur20stem
21disrepute22sophisticated23harness24recipient25convert
3.Readthesentencesinthebox.Payattentiontothepartsinbold.
NowcompletetheparagraphbytranslatingtheChineseinbrackets.Youmayrefertotheexpressionsandthesentencepatternslistedabove.
Thereisevidence（有证据表明）
sohasthenumberofhackers（黑客的数量也有很大增长）
areoftenreferredtoas（往往被称之为）
compromiseyourcomputer（损坏你的计算机）
captureyourinformation（获取你的信息）
accessyourcomputer（进入你的计算机）
4.TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromText2intoChinese.
1看似无害的编程错误可能被利用，导致电脑被侵入，为电脑病毒和蠕虫的繁衍提供温床。
2当一个软件漏洞被发现，黑客可以将它变成一个侵入点，从而造成极大的破坏。
在这之前，往往需要争分夺秒地利用正确的软件补丁来防止破坏的发生。
3最简单的钓鱼骗局试图利用迅速致富的伎俩诱使诈骗目标寄钱。
但网络骗子们也变得越来越狡猾，最近的陷阱是通过发送客户服务的电子邮件让用户进入假银行或商业网站，并在那里请他们“重新输入”他们的账户信息。
4间谍软件与垃圾邮件和钓鱼网络一起，构成了三个令人生厌的互联网害虫。
尽管有些程序可以通过入侵软件漏洞从而进入电脑，但这些有害而秘密的程序通常会随着其他免费的应用软件侵入到计算机系统中。
5尽管因特网已经彻底改变了全球通讯，但是对于那些利用网络力量实现罪恶目的的人和那些负责阻止这些网络犯罪的人来说，他们之间的较量才刚刚开始。
Reading:
Text3
1.Matchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.
1f2d3e4j5i6h7b8a9g10c
2.CompletethefollowingexpressionsorsentencesbyusingthetargetwordslistedbelowwiththehelpoftheChineseinbrackets.Changetheformifnecessary.
1irrespective2betailored3prone4opt5maximum
6coded7provision8catered9check10ready-made
11modified12on-demand13whereabouts14Hazardous15incurred
16applicable17developer18onoffer19host20nominal21certified22automated23outage24sync25backup26minimal27mobile
3.Readthesentencesinthebox.Payattentiontothepartsinbold.
NowcompletetheparagraphbytranslatingtheChineseinbrackets.Youmayrefertotheexpressionsandthesentencepatternslistedabove.
Irrespectiveofwhether（不管）
saveusersthetrouble（使用户避免这样的麻烦）
caterstotheneedsof（迎合了需求）
forthepurposeof（其目的就是）
4.TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromText3intoChinese.
1云计算可定义为一种按次付费模式，这种模式可以根据要求迅速得到计算机分配的可靠资源，用户很少需要自己进行管理。
2由于云计算可以用来不断提供资源，因此当你需要扩充计算机容量时就不需要去买硬件，就不会因为用电去冷却计算机设备而产生更多的二氧化碳。
3这意味着他们不需要开车到办公地点。
这就可以省去燃料费，减少二氧化碳排放，从而保护了环境。
4万一断电，客户可以在电脑再启动时使用和主机同步的备份。
5除此之外，云计算还不容易受到黑客入侵和分布式拒绝服务的攻击，因为攻击者不知道数据的位置。
Reading:
Text4
1.Matchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.
1c2e3a4i5g6b7d8f9j10h
2.CompletethefollowingexpressionsorsentencesbyusingthetargetwordslistedbelowwiththehelpoftheChineseinbrackets.Changetheformifnecessary.
1analogy2compatible3Distribute4implement5activated6static
7aggregated8clone9innovative10replacement11crashed
12compromised13mine14substantial15asset16centralize17facilities
18loose19monitor20integrate21derived22update23download
24upgrade25licensed26differential27install28minimum29in-house30crucial
3.Readthesentencesinthebox.Payattentiontothepartsinbold.
NowcompletetheparagraphbytranslatingtheChineseinbrackets.Youmayrefertotheexpressionsandthesentencepatternslistedabove.
remainswideopen（有很大的前景）
isderivedfromthewayinwhich（来自这样一个方法）
becomescrucial（非常重要）
willbesubstantiallyreduced（会大大降低）
4.TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromText4intoChinese.
1这个术语来自于因特网往往呈现为网络图的方法。
2目前云计算技术涉及一个数据中心的存在，这个中心能够为全世界用户提供服务。
3这就减少了由于没有硬件，如手提电脑带来的影响。
4虚拟化可以使一个损坏的云端服务器迅速找到替代品而不造成大的损失或破坏。
5云技术还处于起步阶段，更多新的优点会不断被发现。
III.LectureListening
Listening:
Lecture1
1.TohelpcomputeruserstobeawareoftheethicalusesofcomputersandtheInternet.
2.BecausemoreandmorepeoplehavestartedusingcomputersandtheInternet.
3.NumberEight.
4.NumberNine.
5.Respectandfairness.
6.Lecture1addressesthetopic“howacomputeruseravoidsbeingaconsciousorunconscioushacker”whileText1and2dealwiththewayhackers“getinside”acomputerandelectronicthreatsacomputerfaces.
7.TenCommandmentsofComputerEthics.
Lecture1Computerethics8
Goodmorning.DidanyonehearthenewsabouttheteenagerinNewYorkwhohackedintoabank’sdatabaseandstoleabout30,000creditcardnumbersovertheweekend?
Hackingisrelatedtocomputerethics.Computerethicsdealswiththeproperuseofinformationtechnology,suchascomputersandtheInternet.Byproperuse,Imeansociallyresponsibleuse.We’llfirsttalkaboutwhatethicalbehaviorisandthenhowthisappliestocomputeruse.
Ethicsisaboutrightandwrongoritdealswithmoraljudgment,withwhatisacceptableorunacceptabletodo.Nowwelearnideasaboutwhatisrightandwrongfromourfamilies,ourfriends,andfromtheculturewelivein.Becauseofdifferencesinourbackgrounds,wemaynotalwaysagreeonwhatisrightandwrong.
However,forourdiscussiontoday,IwilldefineforyouwhatImeanbyanethicalaction.Anethicalactionissomethingsomeonedoesthatbenefitssomeoneanddoesn’thurtanyone.So,forexample,ifyouseeamandropsomemoneyandyoupickthemoneyupandgiveittohim,thisisanethicalaction.Ontheotherhand,ifyoupickupthemoneyanddon’tgiveitbacktotheman,thisbenefitsyou,buthurtstheman.Thisisnotanethicalaction.
Nowwhataboutcomputers?
WhataretheethicalboundariesforusingcomputersandInternet?
Mostpeopleagreethatitiswrongtostealfromastore.Wouldtheyalsosayit’swrongtocopymusicfilesfromtheInternet?
Or,totakeanotherexample,mostpeopleagreethatitiswrongtoopenanenvelopeandreadalettertosomeoneelse.Wouldtheyalsosayit’swrongtoreadsomeoneelse’semail?
Inthepastdecadeorso,manymorepeoplehavestartedusingcomputersandtheInternet,sotheseissueshavebecomeimportant.In1992,theComputerEthicsInstitutewasfoundedintheUnitedStates.Thisisaresearch,education,andpolicystudygroupwhosegoalistoincreaseawarenessoftheethicalissuesthatarelikelytocomeupastechnologydevelops.OneconcepttheComputerEthicsInstitutehasdevelopedistheTenCommandmentsofComputerEthics.TheserulesareimportantguidelinestheInstitutethinksallcomputerusersshouldfollow.NowsomeofyoumaybefamiliarwiththeTenCommandmentsfromtheBible,like,uh,“Thoushaltnotkill.”or“Thoushalthonorthyfatherandthymother.”TheTenCommandmentsofComputerEthicshavebeenwritteninthesamestyleoflanguageusedintheTenCommandmentsfromtheBible.Forexample,theyusethephrase“Thoushaltnot”,“Thoushaltnot”means“don’t”or“youshouldn’t”.
Let’slookateachcommandmentorrule.
Thefirstcommandmentsays:
Thoushaltnotuseacomputertoharmotherpeople.Simpleenough,right?
NumberTwo:
Thoushaltnotinterferewithotherpeople’scomputerwork.Iinterpretthistomeandon’tuseacomputerinanywaythatwillaffectorchangetheworksomeoneelseisdoing.Don’tmoveoreditsomeoneelse’sfileswithouttellingthem.
NumberThree:
Thoushaltnotsnoopinotherpeople’sfiles.Tosnoopmeanstotrytofindoutsomethingwithoutanotherpersonknowingit.Ifyoulookatsomeoneelse’sfilesonthecomputerorreadtheiremail,you’resnooping.Respectotherpeople’sprivacy.
NumberFour:
Thoushaltnotuseacomputertosteal.TherearesituationsontheInternetinwhichyouhavetodecideifyouarestealingornot,likedownloadingmusicfiles,asImentionedearlier.
NumberFive:
Thoushaltnotuseacomputertosaythingsthatareuntrue.Itisuptoyoutobetruthfulinyourwebsite,inyoure-business,andinyouremail.
NumberSix:
Thoushaltnotusesoftwareforwhichyouhavenotpaid.Inotherwords,ifthesoftwareisfreeontheInternet,it’sokaytodownloadanduseit.However,itisnotokaytocopysoftwarefromafriend,becauseyoudidn’tpayforit.
NumberSeven:
Thoushaltnotuseotherpeople’scomputerresourceswithouttellingthem,orwithoutpayingthem.Forexample,youshouldn’tusesomeoneelse’scomputer,password,orInternetconnectionwithoutaskingthemfirst.
NumberEight:
Thoushaltnotappropriatesomeoneelse’sideas.Appropriatemeanstotakewordssomeoneelsewroteandsaythey’reyours.Uh,forexample,youhavetowriteareportforschool.IfyoucopyatermpaperfromtheInternetandhanditin,you’rebreakingtherule.CopyingevenafewsentencesofftheInternetandpresentingthemasyourownisbreakingtherule.
NumberNine:
Theninthcommandmentsays:
Thoushaltthinkaboutthesocialconsequencesoftheprogramyouarewriting.Now,thisappliesmostlytocomputerprogrammers.Socialconsequencesmeanshowtheprogramyou’rewritingmightaffectothersinsociety.Couldhackerspossiblyuseyourprogramtoillegallygainaccesstoacomputersystem?
Skillfulhackerscanhackintobanksandintocreditcardcompanies;theycanalteraccountsandstealmoney.Theycanalsocreatevirusesthatcancausebillionsofdollarsofdamageworldwide.
NumberTen,Thetenthcommandmentsays:
Thoushaltalwaysuseacomputerinwaysthatarerespectfulofothers.Forexample,sendingunfriendlyemailtosomeoneoraboutsomeoneorcreatingwebsiteswithnegativemessagesareexamplesofbreakingthisrule.
OK,theComputerEthicsInstitutehassenttheseguidelinestomanylargecompaniesandtoschoolsa
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