名词性从句 整理定稿.docx
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名词性从句整理定稿
名词性从句
在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句(NounClauses)。
名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连接词:
that,whether,if(不充当从句的任何成分)
连接代词:
what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.
连接副词:
when,where,how,why
一、主语从句
简单地说,主语从句就是句子的主语是由句子来充当的。
比如说:
那个答案是对的。
(Theanswerisright.)
“那个答案”是这句话的主语,而当把“那个答案”换成一句话时,这句话就可以称为“主语从句”。
所以来看这句话:
Whatyousaidisright.(那么whatyousaid是一个句子,现在来充当主语,所以这句话就被称为“主语从句”了。
)
二、宾语从句
简单地说,宾语从句就是句子的宾语是由句子来充当的。
比如说:
我知道你。
(Iknowyou.)
“你”是这句话的宾语,而当把“你”换成一句话时,这句话就可以称为“宾语从句”了。
所以来看这句话:
Iknow(that)youareright.(那么youareright是一个句子,现在来充当宾语,所以这句话就被称为“宾语从句”了。
)
怎么来判断宾语呢?
直接跟在动词(do)或是动词词组后面的成分就是宾语。
如:
speakEnglish这里English是做speak的宾语,换句话说speak是及物动词。
三、表语从句
简单地说,表语从句就是句子的表语是由句子来充当的。
比如说:
事实是正确的。
(Thefactisright..)
“正确的”是这句话的表语,而把“对的”换成一句话时,这句话就可以称为“表语从句”了。
所以来看这句话:
Thefactisthatheislying.(那么thatheislying是一个句子,现在来充当表语,所以这句话就被称为“表语从句”了。
)
怎么来判断表语呢?
直接跟在be动词或是连系动词(如seem,look等)之后的成分就是表语。
四、同位语从句
简单地说,同位语从句就是后面那句话是前面这个名词的具体的内容。
比如说:
我有个通知:
明天放假。
(Ihaveanoticethattomorrowisfree.)
这句话中,tomorrowisfree就是notice的具体的内容。
从句判断:
请指出下列分别是什么从句
1.Whetherhewillcomeisunknown.___________________
2.Idoubtwhetherhecanpasstheexam._________________
3.Idon’tknowwhatbooksthechildrencanread.__________________
4.Itisnotknownwhyhedidthis._______________________
5.Thathepassedtheexammadehisparentsveryhappy.____________________
6.Itlooksthatitisgoingtorain.________________________
7.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthematchistrue._______________________
8.Whatevercausedtheaccidenthasnotyetbeenfound.________________________
9.Howstrangeitisthatthechildrenaresoquite!
_____________________________
名词性从句考点归纳
一、名词性从句的语序
(1)名词性从句构成有两种:
a.That+陈述句
Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.
b.疑问词+句子的剩余成分
Thisiswhatwearelookingfor.
(2)疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述句语序,不能用一般疑问句语序。
他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。
Howwashesuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()
Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()
你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗?
Couldyoutellmewherehelives?
()
Couldyoutellmewheredoeshelive?
()
二、名词性从句连接词的选用
(1)that和what的选用
that和what都可引导所有的名词从句。
但是,what除起连接作用外,还在名词性从句中充当成分,可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。
而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用。
that/what
1._________hewantsisabook.2._________hewantstogothereisobvious.
3.Theresultis__________wewonthegame.4.Thisis________wewanttoknow.
5.Is________hetoldustrue?
6.Weshouldpayattentionto_________theteacherissaying.
7.Ihavenodoubt_________hewillcome.8.Ihavenoidea_________hedidthatafternoon.
(2)if和whether的选用
不能使用if的情况:
a.主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句
b.介词后的宾语从句
c.whethertodo做动词宾语不能用iftodo.
d.whetherornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.
e.从句用在句首作主语从句时,只能用whether,不能用if
if/whether
1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.
2._________wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.
3.We’reworriedabout_________heissafe.
4.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.
5.Idon’tknow__________ornotheiswell.
6.Thequestionis___________heshoulddoit.
7.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion_________theoldmanwillrecoversoon.
8.Idon’tknow_________togo.
三、同位语从句的引导和辨别
1.同位语从句的格式:
n.+连接词+从句
2.能接同位语从句的名词有:
advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等
3.连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用whether,what,when,where等来引导同位语从句。
that/whether/where/how
1.Ihavenoidea_________hecomesfrom.
2.Hecan’tanswerthequestion_________hegotthemoney.
3.Hegaveusmanysuggestions_________weshouldgetupearlierandtakemoreexercise.
4.Ihavenodoubt_________hewillwin.
5.Ihavesomedoubt_________hewillwin.
同位语从句还是定语从句?
1.Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed.____________
2.WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaagain._____________
1.Theinformationhasbeenannouncedthatmoregraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversity._________
2.Theinformationthatherevealedatthemeetingisofgreatvalue.____________
四.It做形式主语或形式宾语,that从句做真正主语或宾语的句型:
that从句做主语时,可以用it 来替换成以下几种结构表达。
(A)It is clear/obvious/apparent/certain/likely/true/surprising/necessary/important/strange that…
(B)It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder /anhonorthat ...
(C)It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested that …
(D)It seems/appears/happens(碰巧)/occurstosb.(某人突然想起) that…
that从句做宾语时,可以用it 来替换成以下几种结构表达。
(A)sbthink/find/feel/consider/makeit+adj+that从句
(B)sbthink/find/feel/consider/makeit+n(apity/shame)+that从句
(C)Ilike/dislike/love/hate/appreciate+it+if/when从句
1.____isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.
A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It
2.It’sobvioustothestudents_____theyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.
A.asB.whichC.whetherD.that
3.Ihate_____whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.
A.itB.thatC.thisD.them
4.________thattheyfoundanunusualplantintheforest.
A.ItissaidB.TheyaresaidC.ItsaidD.Itsays
五.疑问词+ever与nomatter+疑问词的区别:
●疑问词+ever既可以引导___________从句,又可以引导_________从句。
Whoeverbreakesthelawmustbepunished.
或:
Whoeverbreakesthelaw,hemustbepunished.
●nomatter+疑问词只能引导____________从句.
Nomatterwhobreaksthelaw,hemustbepunished.
Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.
总结:
区分它们最基本的依据是什么?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants.
A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever
2.____hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.
A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever
3.Itwasamatterof____wouldtaketheposition.
A.whoB.whoeverC.whomD.whomever
4.Sheisverydeartous.Wehavebeenpreparedtodo____ittakestosaveherlife.
A.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whoever
5.CouldIspeakto____isinchargeoftheInternationalSalesplease?
A.whoB.whatC.whoeverD.whatever
六.名词性从句中虚拟语气的使用情况
1、在表示“命令、建议、坚持、要求”的名词性从句中,要用“should+动词原形”形式,should可以省略。
(一坚持insist,二命令order,command,三建议suggest,advice,propose,四要求ask,demand,request,require)
e.g.Imadeasuggestionthathe(should)gothereatonce.
()从句
Isuggestedthathe(should)gothereatonce.
()从句
Thesuggestionwasthathe(should)gothereatonce.
()从句
2、在句型“It+is/was+adj.+主语从句”中,如果形容词是important,strange,natural,necessary等,从句谓语部分要用“should+动词原形”形式,should可以省略。
e.g.It’sstrangethathe(should)thinkso.
Itisnecessarythathe(should)gothereatonce.
1.Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent______atleastaforeignlanguage.
A.mastersB.shouldmasterC.masteredD.willmaster
2.Itwasorderedthatallthesoldiers_______tothefront(前线).
A.shouldsendB.mustbesentC.shouldbesentD.mustgo
3.Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussion_______.
A.beputoffB.wasputoffC.shouldputoffD.istobeputoff
七.引导名词性从句的连接词
连词的选用:
依据“缺什么补什么”原则确定正确的连词。
如果句子中缺主语,指人用who,指物用what;如缺宾语,指人用whom,指物用what;如缺时间状语用when;地点状语用where;原因状语用why;方式状语用how;定语用what或which;什么都不缺用that。
whether和if(是否),
1.我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。
________weshallholdoursportsmeetingisnotdecided.
2.我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。
Idon’tknow_________broketheglassyesterday.
3.我不知道他长的什么样子。
Ihavenoidea_________helookslike.
4.这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。
Thisis_________Ileftmyglasses.
5.It’snotimmediatelyclear____thefinancialcrisiswillsoonbeover.
A.sinceB.whatC.whenD.whether
6.Whenasked____theyneedmost,thekidssaidtheywantedtofeelimportantandloved.
A.whatB.whyC.whomD.which
7.Thelasttimewehadgreatfunwas___wewerevisitingtheWaterPark.
A.whereB.howC.whenD.why
8._______youdon'tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.
A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether
9.Goandgetyourcoat.It's____youleftit.
A.WhereB.thereC.herewhereD.wherethere
10.Thereason____hewaslatewas______hemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning
A.why,becauseB.why,thatC.for,becauseD.for,that
名词性从句高考真题
2013年
1.【2013北京】31.____makesthebooksoextraordinaryisthecreativeimaginationofthewriter.
A.ThatB.WhatC.WhoD.Which
2.【2013北京】33.Expertsbelievepeoplecanwastelessfoodbyshoppingonlywhenitisnecessary.
A.whyB.whereC.thatD.what
3.【湖南】28.Donotletanyfailuresdiscourageyou,foryoucannevertell____closeyoumaybetovictory.
A.howB.thatC.whichD.where
4.【2013江西】30._______oneofyoubreaksthewindowwillhavetopayforit.
A.WhoeverB.WhateverC.WhicheverD.Wherever
5.【2013山东】30.It’sgoodtoknow_____thedogswillbewellcaredforwhilewe’reaway.
A.whatB.whoseC.whichD.that
6.【陕西】20.Itremainstobeseenthenewlyformedcommittee’spolicycanbeputintopractice.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whether
7.【2013四川】6.______yousaidatthemeetingdescribesabrightfutureforthecompany.
A.WhenB.HowC.WhatD.That
8.【2013天津】15.IwanttotellyouisthedeeploveandrespectIhaveformyparents.
A.ThatB.WhichC.WhetherD.What
9.【2013新课标I卷】26.Policehavefoundappearstobethelostancientstatue.
A.whichB.whereC.howD.what
10.【2013浙江】16.Theonlywaytosucceedatthehighestlevelistohavetotalbelief______youarebetterthananyoneelseonthesportsfield.
A.howB.thatC.whichD.whether
11.【2013重庆】28.struckmemostinthemoviewasthefather’sdeeploveforhisson.
A.ThatB.ItC.Wh