大学英语六级考试真题及答案.docx

大学英语六级考试真题及答案.docx

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大学英语六级考试真题及答案

2008年12月大学英语六级考试真题

PartIWriting（30minutes）

Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledHowToImproveStudent'sMentalHealth?

.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

1.大学生的心理健康十分重要

2.因此，学校可以……

3.我们自己应当……

HowToImproveStudent'sMentalHealth?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.

Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].

Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

SupersizeSurprise

Askanyonewhythereisanobesityepidemicandtheywilltellyouthatit’saldowntoeatingtoomuchandburningtoofewcalories.Thatexplanationappealstocommonsenseandhasdominatedeffortstogettotherootoftheobesityepidemicandreverseit.Yetobesityresearchersareincreasinglydissatisfiedwithit.Manynowbelievethatsomethingelsemusthavechangedinourenvironmenttoprecipitate（促成）suchdramaticrisesinobesityoverthepast40yearsorso.Nobodyissayingthatthe“bigtwo”–reducedphysicalactivityandincreasedavailabilityoffood–arenotimportantcontributorstotheepidemic,buttheycannotexplainitall.

Earlierthisyearareviewpaperby20obesityexpertssetoutthe7mostplausiblealternativeexplanationsfortheepidemic.Heretheyare.

1.Notenoughsleep

Itiswidelybelievedthatsleepisforthebrain,notthebody.Couldashortageofshut-eyealsobehelpingtomakeusfat?

Severallarge-scalestudiessuggesttheremaybealink.Peoplewhosleeplessthan7hoursanighttendtohaveahigherbodymassindexthanpeoplewhosleepmore,accordingtodatagatheredbytheUSNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurvey.Similarly,theUSNurses’HealthStudy,whichtracked68,000womenfor16years,foundthatthosewhosleptanaverageof5hoursanightgainedmoreweightduringthestudyperiodthanwomenwhoslept6hours,whointurngainedmorethanwhosewhoslept7.

It’swellknownthatobesityimpairssleep,soperhapspeoplegetfatfirstandsleeplessafterwards.Butthenurses’studysuggeststhatitcanworkintheotherdirectiontoo:

sleeplossmayprecipitateweightgain.

Althoughgettingfiguresisdifficult,itappearsthatwereallyaresleepingless.In1960peopleintheUSsleptanaverageof8.5hourspernight.A2002pollbytheNationalSleepFoundationsuggeststhattheaveragehasfallentounder7hours,andthedeclineismirroredbytheincreaseinobesity.

2.Climatecontrol

Wehumans,likeallwarm-bloodedanimals,cankeepourcorebodytemperaturesprettymuchconstantregardlessofwhat’sgoingonintheworldaroundus.Wedothisbyalteringourmetabolic（新陈代谢的）rate,shiveringorsweating.Keepingwarmandstayingcooltakeenergyunlessweareinthe“thermo-neutralzone”,whichisincreasinglywherewechoosetoliveandwork.

Thereisnodenyingthatambienttemperatures（环境温度）havechangedinthepastfewdecades.Between1970and2000,theaverageBritishhomewarmedfromachilly13Cto18C.IntheUS,thechangeshavebeenattheotherendofthethermometerastheproportionofhomeswithairconditioningrosefrom23%to47%between1978and1997.Inthesouthernstates–whereobesityratestendtobehighest–thenumberofhouseswithairconditioninghasshotupto71%from37%in1978.

Couldairconditioninginsummerandheatinginwinterreallymakeadifferencetoourweight?

Sadly，thereissomeevidencethatitdoes-atleastwithregardtoheating.Studiesshowthatincomfortabletemperaturesweuselessenergy.

3.Lesssmoking

Badnews:

smokersreallydotendtobethinnerthantherestofus,andquittingreallydoespackonthepounds,thoughnooneissurewhy.Itprobablyhassomethingtodowiththefactthatnicotineisanappetitesuppressantandappearstoupyourmetabolicrate.

KatherineFlegalandcolleaguesattheUSNationalCenterforHealthStatisticsinHyattsville,Maryland,havecalculatedthatpeoplekickingthehabithavebeenresponsibleforasmallbutsignificantportionoftheUSepidemicoffatness.Fromdatacollectedaround1991bytheUSNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurvey,theyworkedoutthatpeoplewhohadquitinthepreviousdecadeweremuchmorelikelytobeoverweightthansmokersandpeoplewhohadneversmoked.Amongmen,forexample,nearlyhalfofquitterswereoverweightcomparedwith37%ofnon-smokersandonly28%ofsmokers.

4.Geneticeffects

Yourschancesofbecomingfatmaybeset,atleastinpart,beforeyouwereevenborn.Childrenofobesemothersaremuchmorelikelytobecomeobesethemselveslaterinlife.Offspringofmicefedahigh-fatdietduringpregnancyaremuchmorelikelytobecomefatthantheoffspringofidenticalmicefedanormaldiet.Intriguingly,theeffectpersistsfortwoorthreegenerations.Grandchildrenofmicefedahigh-fatdietgrowupfateveniftheirownmotherisfednormally-soyoufatemayhavebeensealedevenbeforeyouwereconceived.

5.Alittleolder…

Somegroupsofpeoplejusthappentobefatterthanothers.SurveyscarriedoutbytheUSnationalcenterforhealthstatisticsfoundthatadultsaged40to79werearoundthreetimesaslikelytobeobeseasyoungerpeople.Non-whitefemalesalsotendtofallatthefatterendofthespectrum:

Mexican-Americanwomenare30%morelikelythanwhitewomentobeobsess,andblackwomenhavetwicetherisk.

IntheUS,thesegroupsaccountforanincreasingpercentageofthepopulation.Between1970and2000theUSpopulationaged35to44grewby43%.theproportionofHispanic-Americansalsogrew,fromunder5%to12.5%ofthepopulation,whiletheproportionofblackAmericansincreasedfrom11%to12.3%.thesechangesmayaccountinpartfortheincreasedprevalenceofobesity.

6.Maturemums

Mothersaroundtheworldaregettingolder.intheUK,themeanageforhavingafirstchildis27.3,comparedwith23.7in1970.meanageatfirstbirthintheUShasalsoincreased,risingfrom21.4in1970to24.9in2000.

Thiswouldbeneitherherenorthereifitweren’tfortheobservationthathavinganoldermotherseemstobeanindependentriskfactorforobesity.ResultsfromtheUSnationalheart,lungandbloodinstitute’sstudyfoundthattheoddsofachildbeingobeseincrease14%foreveryfiveextrayearsoftheirmother’sage,thoughwhythisshouldbesoisnotentirelyclear.

MichaelSymondsattheUniversityofNottingham,UK,foundthatfirst-bornchildrenhavemorefatthanyoungerones.Asfamilysizedecreases,firstbornsaccountforagreatershareofthepopulation.In1964,Britishwomengavebirthtoanaverageof2.95children;by2005thatfigurehadfallento1.79.IntheUSin1976,9.6%ofwomanintheir40shadonlyonechild;in2004itwas17.4%.thiscombinationofoldermothersandmoresinglechildrencouldbecontributingtotheobesityepidemic.

7.Likemarryinglike

Justaspeoplepairoffaccordingtolooks,sotheydoforsize.Leanpeoplearemorelikelytomarryleanandfatmorelikelytomarryfat.Onitsown,likemarryinglikecannotaccountforanyincreaseinobesity.Butcombinedwithothers—particularlythefactthatobesityispartlygenetic,andthatheavierpeoplehavemorechildren—itamplifiestheincreaseformothercauses.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A）Effectsofobesityonpeople’shealth

B）Thelinkbetweenlifestyleandobesity

C）Newexplanationsfortheobesityepidemic

D）Possiblewaystocombattheobesityepidemic

2.IntheUSNurse’HealthStudy,womenwhosleptanaverageof7hoursanight_______.

A）gainedtheleastweight

B）wereinclinedtoeatless

C）foundtheirvigorenhanced

D）werelesssusceptibletoillness

3.Thepopularbeliefaboutobesityisthat___________.

A）itmakesussleepy

B）itcausessleeploss

C）itincreasesourappetite

D）itresultsfromlackofsleep

4.Howdoesindoorheatingaffectourlife?

A）itmakesusstayindoorsmore

B）itacceleratesourmetabolicrate

C）itmakesusfeelmoreenergetic

D）itcontributestoourweightgain

5.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheeffectofnicotineonsmokers?

A）itthreatenstheirhealth

B）itheightenstheirspirits

C）itsuppressestheirappetite

D）itslowsdowntheirmetabolism

6.WhoaremostlikelytobeoverweightaccordingtoKatherineFergal’sstudy?

A）heavysmokers

B）passivesmokers

C）thosewhoneversmoke

D）thosewhoquitsmoking

7.AccordingtotheUSNationalCenterforHealthStatistics,theincreasedobesityintheUSisaresultof_______.

A）thegrowingnumberofsmokersamongyoungpeople

B）therisingproportionofminoritiesinitspopulation

C）theincreasingconsumptionofhigh-caloriefoods

D）theimprovinglivingstandardsofthepoorpeople

8.AccordingtotheUSNationalHeart,LungandBloodInstitute,thereasonwhyoldermothers’childrentendtobeobeseremains__________.

9.AccordingtoMichaelSymonds,onefactorcontributingtotheobesityepidemicisdecreaseof___________.

10.Whentwoheavypeoplegetmarried,chancesoftheirchildrengettingfatincrease,becauseobesityis_____________.

PartIIIListeningComprehension（35minutes）

SectionA

Directions:

Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestions