考研英语阅读理解七.docx

考研英语阅读理解七.docx

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考研英语阅读理解七

考研英语阅读理解-（七）

（总分：

100.00，做题时间：

90分钟）

一、{{B}}SectionⅠReadingComprehension{{/B}}（总题数：

4，分数：

100.00）

Musicisamystery.Itisuniquetothehumanrace:

nootherspeciesproduceselaboratesoundfornoparticularreason.Ithasbeen,andremains,partofeveryknowncivilizationonEarth.Lengthsofbonefashionedintofluteswereinuse40,000yearsago.Anditengagespeople'sattentionmorecomprehensivelythanalmostanythingelse:

scansshowthatwhenpeoplelistentomusic,virtuallyeveryareaoftheirbrainbecomesmoreactive.

Yetitservesnoobviousadaptivepurpose.CharlesDarwin,in"'TheDescentofMan",notedthat"neithertheenjoymentnorthecapacityofproducingmusicalnotesarefacultiesoftheleastdirectusetomaninreferencetohisordinaryhabitsoflife."Then,whatisthepointofnmsic.StevenPinker,acognitivepsychologist,hascalledmusic"auditorycheesecake,anexquisiteconfectioncraftedtoticklethesensitivespotsofatleastsixofourmentalfaculties."Ifitvanishedfromourspecies,hesaid"therestofourlifestylewouldbevirtuallyunchanged."Othershavearguedthat,onthecontrary,music,alongwithartandliterature,ispartofwhatmakespeoplehuman;itsabsencewouldhaveabrutalizingeffect.

PhilipBall,aBritishsciencewriterandanavidmusicenthusiast,comesdownsomewhereinthemiddle.Hesaysthatmusicisingrainedinourauditory,cognitiveandmotorfunctions.Wehaveamusicinstinctasmuchasalanguageinstinct,andcouldnotridourselvesofit.Hegoesthrougheachcomponentofmusictoexplainhowandwhyitworks,usingplentifulexamplesdrawnfromarefreshinglywiderangeofdifferentkindsofmusic,fromBachtotheBeatles,andfromnurseryrhymestojazz.

Hisbasicmessageisencouraginganduplifting:

peopleknowmuchmoreaboutmusicthantheythink.Theystartpickinguptherulesfromthedaytheyareborn,perhapsevenbefore,byhearingitallaroundthem.Veryyoungchildrencantellifatuneorharmonyisnotquiterightandmostadultscandifferentiatebetweenkindsofmusiceveniftheyhavehadnotraining.

Musiciscompletely{{U}}suigeneris{{/U}}.Itshouldnottellanon-musicalstory;thelistenerwilldecodeitforhimself.Many,perhapsmost,peoplehaveexperiencedasuddenrushofemotiononhearingaparticularpieceofmusic;athrillorchill,asenseofexcitementorexhilaration,afeelingofbeingsweptawaybyit.Theymayevenbemovedtotears,withoutbeingabletotellwhy.Musicalanalystshavetriedhardtofindouthowthishappens,butwithlittlesuccess.Perhapssomemysteriesarebestpreserved.（分数：

25.00）

（1）.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthat

∙A.exceptmankindspeciesproducesoundswithspecificpurposes.

∙B.theearliestflutesweremadeofbones40,000yearsago.

∙C.people'sattentionismoreattentivelyattractedbymusic.

∙D.people'sbrainsgoinactiveinanenvironmentwithnomusic.

（分数：

5.00）

 A.

 B.

 C. √

 D.

解析：

（2）.TowhichofthefollowingstatementswouldStevenPinkermostprobablyagree?

∙A.Musicselvesnofacilityfortheformationofpeople'shabits.

∙B.Musicandexquisitedessertsharegreatsimilarities.

∙C.Theabsenceofmusicbringslittleeffecttohumanlife.

∙D.Musichelpstoerasethebrutalcharacteristicsinhuman.

（分数：

5.00）

 A.

 B.

 C. √

 D.

解析：

（3）.AccordingtoPhilipBall'sresearch,whichofthefollowingistrue?

∙A.Humanbeingsareborntobeprofessionalmusicians.

∙B.Thereexistnosharpdifferencesamongvarioustypesofmusic.

∙C.Peopleusuallylearnmusicbymeansofhearingaround.

∙D.Mankindpossesanaturalmusicinstinctandcan'twipeitoff.

（分数：

5.00）

 A.

 B.

 C.

 D. √

解析：

（4）.Thesaying"suigeneris"（Line1,Para.5）isclosestinmeaningto

∙A.unique.

∙B.touching.

∙C.overwhelming.

∙D.mysterious.

（分数：

5.00）

 A. √

 B.

 C.

 D.

解析：

（5）.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?

∙A.SoundsWonderful-TheScienceofMusic

∙B.MissionImpossible-TheMysteryofMusic

∙C.TouchingAlways-ThePowerofMusic

∙D.Anti-Brutalization-TheEffectofMusic

（分数：

5.00）

 A. √

 B.

 C.

 D.

解析：

Aspeopleinrichcountriesknowverywell,eatingtoomuchfoodandburningtoofewcaloriesiswhyasubstantialnumberofusareoverweightorobese.Now,however,aremarkablechangeinperspectivehascomefromthediscoverythatobesityactuallyprovidespeoplewithtemporaryprotectionfromtheharmfuleffectsoffat.

Theinsighthascomefromre-examiningthecommonassumptionthatfatnessitselfdrivesthedevelopmentofmetabolicsyndrome,whichiswhatcausessomuchoftheactualdamage.Thesyndromecomeswithamixtureoffife-threateningeffects,withcardiovasculardisease（diseasesrelatingtotheheartandbloodvessels）andtype2diabetesbeingamongthemostserious.Infact,itnowseemsthatbodyfatmaybeabarrierthatstopsmillionsofAmericansandfattycitizenselsewherefromgoingontodevelopthesyndrome.Andtherealdamageiscausedbytheinflammatoryeffectofhighlevelsoffatinthebloodstream.Andironically,it'sfatcellsthatprotectusfromthisbyservingastoxicdumps,lockingawaytherealvillainsofthemodemdiet.

Theproblemisthatthisprotectiononlylastssolong,untilthereissimplynomoreroominsidethefatcells.That'swhentheystarttobreakdown,leadingtoatoxicspillintothebloodstream.Thissetsoffaninflammatoryresponsethatcausesvariouskindsofdamagetobodytissues.Inthisway,everyexcesscalorietakespeopleclosertometabolicsyndrome.

Sowhatcanwedotostopasuperabundanceoffattriggeringthesyndrome?

Ofcoursethere'snosubstituteforahealthydietandexercise,butincitationtothiseffectseemtobeoflimiteduse.Aswithcigarettesandalcohol,ataxoncalories-pricingfoodsbytheirenergycontent-isincreasinglyseenasanother"lever"tochangebehaviourbymaltingobesitytoocostly.

Thenewresearchmayevensuggesttreatmentstocombatmetabolicsyndrome,suchasantiinflammatorydrugs.Onepromisingcandidateissalsalate,anarthritisdrugrelatedtoaspirin,andtheJoslinDiabetesCenterinBostonisnowconsideringlarge-scaletrials.

Whatmightbemorehelpful,though,issimplyawiderrecognitionthatfattyandsugaryfoodsaremoredirectlytoxicthanwehadassumed.Ideally,peopleshouldbeaswellinformedabouttheharmfuleffectsofwhattheyeatas,forexample,pregnantwomenareaboutdrinkingandsmoking.

Thereisaconsolation-youhaveyourfattissuetoprotectyouwhenyouconsumethatextraburgerorsweetenedsoda.Butnowyouknowtheperilsofpushingyourfriendlyfatcellsbeyondtheirnaturallimits.（分数：

25.00）

（1）.It'simpliedinthefirstparagraphthatthereasonsforobesityincludeovereatingand

∙A.lackingexercise.

∙B.absorbingfats.

∙C.keepingunhealthydiets.

∙D.burningcalories.

（分数：

5.00）

 A. √

 B.

 C.

 D.

解析：

（2）.FromParagraph2weknowthattherealvillainofactualdamagesis

∙A.fatcells.

∙B.metabolicsyndrome.

∙C.cardiovasculardisease.

∙D.bloodstreamfats.

（分数：

5.00）

 A.

 B. √

 C.

 D.

解析：

（3）.Theprotectivefunctionoffatcellsstopworkingonce

∙A.theircapacityreachesalimit.

∙B.toxinspillsintothebloodstream.

∙C.aninflammatoryresponseappears.

∙D.metabolicsyndromeisdeveloped.

（分数：

5.00）

 A. √

 B.

 C.

 D.

解析：

（4）.Theauthorindicatesinthetextthatobesitycanberestrictedby

∙A.puttingfat'sprotectivefunctiontofulluse.

∙B.unifyingpeople'sdietandexercisehabits.

∙C.raisingthepricesofcigarettesandalcohol.

∙D.manipulatingfoodpricesbytheircaloriecontent.

（分数：

5.00）

 A.

 B.

 C.

 D. √

解析：

（5）.Tocombatmetabolicsyndrome,theauthor'ssuggestionisto

∙A.developmoreanti-inflammatorydrugs.

∙B.askpeopletokeepawayfromfattyfood.

∙C.strengthentheawarenessoftheharmsoffattyfood.

∙D.protectpregnantwomenfromtobaccoandwine.

（分数：

5.00）

 A.

 B.

 C. √

 D.

解析：

Thetechnologyrevolutionmaybecomingtopoorcountriesviathemobilephone,notthepersonalcomputer,asitdidinrichones.AndjustastheInternetencouragedanentrepreneurialphilosophy,andwithitthecreationofafewtoomanydotcomfirms,Africa'ssurgeinmobile-phoneusemay{{U}}unleash{{/U}}thesamesortofbusinessenergy,buttailoredtolocalneeds.

Onesuchinitiativeisabouttobegin.TradeNet,asoftwarecompanybasedinAccra,Ghana,willunveilasimplesortofeBayforagriculturalproductsacrossadozencountriesinWestAfrica.Itletsbuyersandsellersindicatewhattheyareafterandtheircontactinformation,whichissenttoallrelevantsubscribersasanSMStextmessageinoneoffourlanguages.Interestedpartiescanthenreachothersdirectlytodoadeal.Listingoffersisfree,asisreceivingthetexts.TradeNetplanstoearnrevenuebyputtingadvertisementsinthemessages,thoughithopestheservicewillbecomesousefulthatrecipientswilleventuallywanttopay.Forthemoment,though,thecompanyisbusysigningupusersandswallowingthecostofsendingthemessages.

Mobile-phoneuseinsub-SaharanAfricaissoaring.Whereasonly10%ofthepopulationhadnetworkcoveragein1999,todaymorethan60%haveit,afigureexpectedtoexceed85%inthecomingyear,accordingtotheGSMAssociation,anindustrytradegroup.ThisprovidestheinfrastructureforbusinesseslikeTradeNettofunction.

TradeNetisthebrainchildofMarkDavies,aBritishdotcomtycoonwhogaveuptheratraceandwenttoAfricain2000.In2005,hestartedtheprototypeforTradeNetusingaround＄600,000ofhisownmoneyandabout＄200,000fromaidagencies.Anearlysetoftrialslastyeargeneratedasurplusoftrad