新外延版高中英语必修一U4讲义.docx
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新外延版高中英语必修一U4讲义
Unit4Friendsforever
SectionI
一.重点词汇
Point1prefer
教材P38》Howdoyouprefertomakefriends?
你宁可怎样交朋友?
用法详解
常见搭配:
_________________________________.与……相比更喜欢……;宁愿……,而不愿……
_________________________________宁可做……也不做……
归纳拓展preferv.____________________n.[C,U]喜爱;偏爱;偏好。
常见搭配:
haveapreferenceforsth.偏爱某物;特别喜爱某物
givepreferencetosb./sth.给某人/某物以优惠/优待
inpreferenceto而不是
语法填空
(1)Ipreferstayingathome________goingoutbecausetheweatherissobad.
(2)Peopledevelopapreference__________aparticularstyleoflearningatanearlyageandthese__________(prefer)affectlearning.
Points2.advance
教材P38》Thankstoadvancesintechnology,howwemakefriendsandcommunicatewiththemhaschangedsignificantly.多亏科技的进步,我们交朋友以及与他们交流的方式已经发生了巨大的变化。
用法详解
(1)n.进步,进展;前进,行进。
常见搭配:
_____________________________在……方面取得进展
________________________预先,事先
_______________________.在……前面;(发展上)超前
(2)v.前进,行进;发展,进步;促进,推动。
常见搭配:
advanceon/towards朝(向)……前进
Agroupofstudentsareadvancingtowardsourschoollibrary.
Nottoadvanceistogoback.[谚]不进则退。
归纳拓展
相关词语积累:
advancedadj.advancen.进步;前进advancementn.发展,前进;
先进的;高级的vi.前进vt.促进(工作、社会阶级等的)提升
语法填空
(1)Ihaveworkedhereasatypistforaboutayear,andI'dliketohaveachanceof________(advance).
(2)(2020·北京海淀区期中)Therewillbeadiscount(折扣)onthecostofthe6-weekEnglishcourseifyoupay__________advance.
(3)(2020·湖南长沙一中月考)Chinaisbuildingtheworld'slargestearthquakealertsystemandit'spossiblythemost___________(advance).
Points3enable
教材P39》Thedigitalagealsoenablesustofindpeoplewhoshareourinteressuchascollectingmodelcarsorplayinganunusualinstrument.数字时代还让我们可以找到兴趣相投的人,比如收集汽车模型或演奏某种罕见乐器。
用法详解
enablev.使可能,使发生。
常见搭配:
_________________________.使某人能做某事
归纳拓展
[反]disablen.使丧失能力;使不能运转
特别提醒
enable是由“前缓en-+able(adj.)”构成的动词。
有些形容词或名词前加前级en-或后级-en可以变成动词,表示“使变得……”。
语法填空
(1)Trainingwillenableyou__________(find)ajob.
(2)Asenseofhumor_________(enable)himtogetalongwellwithothers.
(3)(2020·河北辛集中学段考)Technologicaldevelopmentsallthroughtheyearshaveenabledus_________(do)morewithlesseffort.
(4)(2020·辽宁五校期末联考)Inthepastfewweeks,to___________(courage)studentsfortheOlympics,alargenumberofuniversitieshavebeguntoofferacademiccredits(学分).
Point4tendto
教材P39》Onsocialmediasites,peopletendtopostonlypositiveupdatestomakethemappearhappyandfriendly.在杜交媒体网站上,人们往往只会将正面的最新信息展现出来,让他们看起来很快乐、很友好。
用法详解
(1)往往会;倾向于
(2)照料,照管(=attendto)(此时tend/attendto中的to为介词且可以省略
Aparenttellsmethatsheisalwaysgettingupthroughoutthenighttotendtothbaby.
归纳拓展
相关词语积累:
tendv.往往会;倾向,趋向;照管,照料—_____________________n.倾向;趋势
haveatendencytodosth.有做某事的倾向
eg:
Shehadatendencytotalkfastwhenshewasnervous
语法填空
(1)(2020·江苏扬州期末)Somepeopletend_________(lose)tempersoeasilythatevenalittletroublecanmakethemflyoffthehandle.
(2)Thereisagrowing__________(tend)forpeopletoworkathomeinsteadofinoffices.
(3)Occupiedwithroutineofficetasks,shehadnotimetotend___________herchildren.
二.句式剖析
Pattern1教材P38>Whatiftheonlywayofgettingnewsfromfarfriendswaswritinglettersthattookagestobedelivered?
如果写信是从远方的友那里获取消息的唯一途径,且信要很久才能送达又会怎么样呢?
考点提炼
Whatif...?
(1)Whatif...?
用于提出假设时,意思是“假若……怎么办?
”“要是……会怎样?
”。
其后的句子可以用陈述句语气,也可以用虚拟语气。
Whatifshefindsoutthatyou'velostherbook?
WhatifIshouldfallsickandnotbeabletowork?
(2)Whatif...?
表示邀请或建议时,意思是“如果……怎么样?
”如果……如何?
Whatifyoujoinusforlunch?
归纳拓展
与what相关的其他句式:
Guesswhat?
你猜怎么着?
Sowhat?
那又怎么样?
Whatfor?
为何?
What'sup?
(=What'sthematter?
)怎么啦?
Whatdoyouthinkof...?
你认为……怎么样?
Whatabout...?
(=Howabout...?
)……怎么样?
Pattern2教材P39>AsAristotlesaid,noonewouldchoosetolivewithoutfriends,evenifhehadallothergoods.正如亚里士多德所说的那样,没有人会选择没有朋友的生活,即使他拥有一切。
考点提炼
as引导的非限制性定语从句★
as可用作关系代词,引导非限制性定语从句;
as指代整个主句的内容,意为“正如”;
(1)as在从句中可做主语或宾语;
as引导的定语从句可位于主句前面、中间或后面,一般用逗号与主句隔开。
Asisknowntoall,theearthmovesaroundthesun.
(2)as引导非限制性定语从句时常用于以下搭配:
asisknowntoall众所周知(=asweallknow)
asyoucansee如你所见
aseverybodyknows正如每个人所了解的那样
ashasbeensaidbefore如前所述
asisoftenthecase这是常有的事
asmaybeimagined可以想象得出
aswasexpected正如预料的那样
Asisknowntoall,PekingUniversityisoneofthetopuniversitiesinChina.众所周知,北京大学是中国的顶尖大学之一。
Asisoftenthecase,wearesometimestoobusytodiscoverthebeautyofnature.我们有时太忙了,以至于没有发现大自然的美,这是常有的事。
语法填空
(1)Thenumberofsmokers,__________isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.
(2)(2020·山东济南期末)__________isknowntoall,Chinahasthelargestpopulationintheworld.
SectionII
一.重点词汇
Point1comfort
教材P42》oneglassofcomfort一杯安慰
用法详解
(1)n.[U]舒适,安逸;安慰,慰籍;令人感到安慰的人(或事物):
[U]舒适的设施(或条件)。
常见搭配:
incomfort舒适
Itisacomforttodosth.做……是件令人安慰的事。
(2)vt.安慰,抚慰;宽慰
相关词语积累:
comfortn./vt.—discomfortn.不适/vt.使不舒服—comfortableadj.—comfortablyadv.
||
uncomfortableadj.uncomfortablyadv.
用comfort的适当形式填空
(1)1putsomepinebranchesintothebaskettomakethisnestsafeand___________.
(2)(2020·天津六校期中联考)Beingseparatedfromyourfamilyandfriends,thoughitmaycauseshort-term____________,doesn'thavetobeaspainfulasitseems.
(3)Mygrandma,livingseparatelyinthecountry,isjustcontenttosit__________infrontofTVeachevening,happytowatchtraditionalChineseoperaprograms.
Point2patience
教材P42》twodropsofpatience两滴耐心
用法详解
patiencen.耐心,忍耐力。
常见搭配:
be/runoutofpatiencewith...对……失去耐心
losepatiencewith...对.....失去耐心
withpatience耐心地
归纳拓展
1.用patience的适当形式填空
(1)(2020·天津和平区期末)Onlybyincreasingthenumberofdoctorsby50%canthe_________betreatedproperlyinthishospital.
(2)(2020·广东肇庆检测)Heistheonlyteacherthatusuallyhelpsmewith________.NowI'mgoodatmath.
(3)Mostpeoplewhohavemedicalappointmentsareexpectedtoarriveearlyandtowait____________fortheirdoctortoexaminethem.
(4)Rapidlynoddingyourheadcanleavetheimpressionthatyouare_________andtooeagertoaddsomethingtotheconversation.
Point3anxious★
教材P42》theabilitytowaitwithoutbecominganxiousorangry.等待而不变得焦虑或愤怒的能力.
用法详解
anxiousadj.焦虑的,不安的;令人焦虑的;渴望。
常见搭配:
_______________________________为某事担心/忧虑
_______________________________为某人担心
_______________________________.(=beeagerfor/keenonsth.)渴望某物
________________________________.渴望做某事
beanxiousthat...渴望……(从句谓语用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略)
语法填空
(1)(2018·江苏卷改编)AccordingtoLifeinLikes,aschildrengrew,theybecamemoreanxious__________(get)morepublicapproval(认可).
(2)(2020·江苏宿迁期末)Ithasbeenpointedoutthatwhatplaysavitalroleindrivingawayone's__________(anxious)isone'ssweetchildhoodmemories.
(3)Jackstillcan'thelpbeinganxious__________hisjobinterview.
Point4besetin★
教材P44》Theshortstory"AfterTwentyYears"issetinNewYorkonacold,darknight.短篇小说《二十年后》以纽约的一个寒冷漆黑的夜晚为背景。
用法详解
besetin意为“以……为背景;以……为场景;被安置在”。
归纳拓展
set构成的其他短语:
setoff出发,动身;引发,激起;(使炸弹等)爆炸
“开始”类setout动身,启程(+for+地点);开始,着手(+todosth.)
setabout开始,着手(+doingsth.)
set“设立,树立”类setup设立;建立,创建;安排
setsb.agoodexample/setagoodexampletosb.
为某人树立好榜样etaside留出(钱或时间);把……放到一旁
其他setaside留出(钱或时间);把……放到一旁
setdown写下,记下(相当于writedown);让某人下车
setback使推迟,耽误
语法填空
(1)(2018·北京卷改编)NowMrAndersonhasset________anonlinecampaigntoraisemoneyforMrSmithandotherhomelesspeopleinthearea,whichbyyesterdayhadreceived$8,000.
(2)Wesetout_________(paint)thewholehousebutfinishedonlythefrontpartthatday.
(3)Armedwiththeinformationyouhavegathered,youcansetabout_________(prepare)yourbusinessplan.
(4)Youhadbetterset________sometimeeverydayforsportssothatyoucankeepyourselfenergetic.
(5)RalphW.Emersonwouldalwaysset_________newideasthatoccurredtohim.
(6)Manyboysweresetting__________fireworksinthestreet.
Point5fortune
教材P44》ThenextmorningIwastostartfortheWesttomakemyfortune.我准备第二天早上动身前往西部发财。
用法详解
(1)n.[C]大笔的钱,巨款。
常见搭配:
_____________________________发财,发迹
(2)n.[U]命运,运气;幸运。
常见搭配:
havethegood/badfortunetodo...有幸/不幸做……
seekone'sfortune寻找发迹的机会
归纳拓展
相关词语积累:
1.用fortune的适当形式填空
(1)(2020·四川眉山诊断)Jamie,Ican'ttellyouhow________IfeltwhenIreceivedmylostwalletsentbyyou!
(2)(2018·全国卷Ⅱ改编)________,afterabriefstayinhospital,Benwaswellenoughtobeallowedtoleaveandlaterthefamilymetupfordinner.
(3)—I'mreallydepressed(沮丧)aftersomanyfailures.Ican'tseeanyhope.
—Cheerup!
Anopportunityliesbehindevery_________!
(4)(2020·福建厦门外国语学校期中)Heworkedveryhard,tryingtopassthedrivingtestatthesecondattempt(尝试),but_________,hefailedagain.
Point6distance
教材P44》...fromwhatdistancewemighthavetocome.……不管我们要从多远的地方来。
用法详解
(1)n.距离;远方;遥远。
常见搭配:
_______________________________在远处
at/fromadistance离一段距离;从远处
at/fromadistanceof...从......远的地方(of后跟具体的距离)
Icanseelightsinthedistance.
Hisoilpaintinglooksbetteratadistance.
(2)n.冷淡,疏远。
常见搭配:
keepsb.atadistance同某人疏远;对某人冷淡;与某人保持一定距离
keepone'sdistance(from...)(与……)保持距离;疏远
归纳拓展
相关词语积累:
distancen.更高;远—______________adj.遥远的;—_____________adv.远地;冷淡地,远亲关系地
bedistantfrom...离......远
语法填空
(1)—Canyouseetheman________thedistance?
—Yes,Ican.HeismyneighborMrSmith,whoisdifficulttogetalongwithbecausehealwayskeepseveryone_________adistance.
(2)Wecouldseenothinginthethickfog________adistanceoffivemetres,sowegotlost.
(3)Hishousestandsonahillandcanbeseenfroma_________oftwomileswhilemyhouseistenmiles_________fromhis,andourtwofamiliesare_________related.(distant)
Points7.8oughtto;workout
教材P44》Wefiguredthatintwentyyearseachofusoughttohaveourdestinyworkedou