牛津译林版八年级下英语第二次月考复习专题练习阅读表达精选教育文档.docx
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牛津译林版八年级下英语第二次月考复习专题练习阅读表达精选教育文档
牛津译林版八年级下英语第二次月考复习专题练习—阅读表达
唐宋或更早之前，针对“经学”“律学”“算学”和“书学”各科目，其相应传授者称为“博士”，这与当今“博士”含义已经相去甚远。
而对那些特别讲授“武事”或讲解“经籍”者，又称“讲师”。
“教授”和“助教”均原为学官称谓。
前者始于宋，乃“宗学”“律学”“医学”“武学”等科目的讲授者；而后者则于西晋武帝时代即已设立了，主要协助国子、博士培养生徒。
“助教”在古代不仅要作入流的学问，其教书育人的职责也十分明晰。
唐代国子学、太学等所设之“助教”一席，也是当朝打眼的学官。
至明清两代，只设国子监（国子学）一科的“助教”，其身价不谓显赫，也称得上朝廷要员。
至此，无论是“博士”“讲师”，还是“教授”“助教”，其今日教师应具有的基本概念都具有了。
（1）
课本、报刊杂志中的成语、名言警句等俯首皆是,但学生写作文运用到文章中的甚少,即使运用也很难做到恰如其分。
为什么?
还是没有彻底“记死”的缘故。
要解决这个问题,方法很简单,每天花3-5分钟左右的时间记一条成语、一则名言警句即可。
可以写在后黑板的“积累专栏”上每日一换,可以在每天课前的3分钟让学生轮流讲解,也可让学生个人搜集,每天往笔记本上抄写,教师定期检查等等。
这样,一年就可记300多条成语、300多则名言警句,日积月累,终究会成为一笔不小的财富。
这些成语典故“贮藏”在学生脑中,自然会出口成章,写作时便会随心所欲地“提取”出来,使文章增色添辉。
TherewasalittleboywhosenamewasPeter.Helivedinavillageclosetothesea.Thevillagersbuiltseawallstokeepseawaterfromthedoorsofthehouses.Butoncetheseawallsalmostputthevillageingreatdanger.
要练说，得练看。
看与说是统一的，看不准就难以说得好。
练看，就是训练幼儿的观察能力，扩大幼儿的认知范围，让幼儿在观察事物、观察生活、观察自然的活动中，积累词汇、理解词义、发展语言。
在运用观察法组织活动时，我着眼观察于观察对象的选择，着力于观察过程的指导，着重于幼儿观察能力和语言表达能力的提高。
Oneday,Peterwaswalkingonhiswaybackhomealongtheseawallwhenitbegantorain.Allofasudden,hesawaholeinthewall,fromwhichtheseawaterwasrunning.Petershoutedforhelpbecauseheknewtheholemeantthattheseawasmakingitswaythroughtheseawall,butnoanswercame.Herealizedheshoulddosomethingelseasquicklyaspossible,ortheseawatercouldbepouringoverthewholevillage.Hestartedtorushtowardshisvillage.Atthesametime,therainbecameheavierandheavier.
“师”之概念，大体是从先秦时期的“师长、师傅、先生”而来。
其中“师傅”更早则意指春秋时国君的老师。
《说文解字》中有注曰：
“师教人以道者之称也”。
“师”之含义，现在泛指从事教育工作或是传授知识技术也或是某方面有特长值得学习者。
“老师”的原意并非由“老”而形容“师”。
“老”在旧语义中也是一种尊称，隐喻年长且学识渊博者。
“老”“师”连用最初见于《史记》，有“荀卿最为老师”之说法。
慢慢“老师”之说也不再有年龄的限制，老少皆可适用。
只是司马迁笔下的“老师”当然不是今日意义上的“教师”，其只是“老”和“师”的复合构词，所表达的含义多指对知识渊博者的一种尊称，虽能从其身上学以“道”，但其不一定是知识的传播者。
今天看来，“教师”的必要条件不光是拥有知识，更重于传播知识。
Itwasgettingdark,butPeterrushedonandon.Hefeltcoldandhungry.Intherainstorm,hefelldownoverandoveragain.Manytimeshethoughtaboutgivingup,buthefoughton.Herememberedhisfather’swords,“Lotsofstrongmenhavemadeeveryefforttobuildthewallswhichcankeepthevillagesafefromdanger.Theseawallsarereallyimportant.”
要练说，得练听。
听是说的前提，听得准确，才有条件正确模仿，才能不断地掌握高一级水平的语言。
我在教学中，注意听说结合，训练幼儿听的能力，课堂上，我特别重视教师的语言，我对幼儿说话，注意声音清楚，高低起伏，抑扬有致，富有吸引力，这样能引起幼儿的注意。
当我发现有的幼儿不专心听别人发言时，就随时表扬那些静听的幼儿，或是让他重复别人说过的内容，抓住教育时机，要求他们专心听，用心记。
平时我还通过各种趣味活动，培养幼儿边听边记，边听边想，边听边说的能力，如听词对词，听词句说意思，听句子辩正误，听故事讲述故事，听谜语猜谜底，听智力故事，动脑筋，出主意，听儿歌上句，接儿歌下句等，这样幼儿学得生动活泼，轻松愉快，既训练了听的能力，强化了记忆，又发展了思维，为说打下了基础。
Finally,whentheboy’sfathersawhim,Peterhadbeenblackandblueallover.Theboytoldthevillagerswhathadhappenedtotheseawall.Theyrepaireditintime.“ThankGod!
Hesavedthevillage,”theypraisedPeter.Allthevillagerscalledhim“PetertheGuard”fromthenon.Peter’sparentswerereallyproudofhim!
1.WheredidPeterlive?
2.WhatdidPeterdofirstafterhesawaholeinthewall?
3.HowdidPeterfeelwhenherushedonandon?
4.WhotoldPeterabouttheimportanceoftheseawalls?
5.WhydidthevillagerscallPeter“PetertheGuard”?
（2）
IoftendreamedaboutPisawhenIwasaboy.IreadaboutthefamousbuildingcalledtheLeaningTowerof
Pisa.ButwhenIreadthewordPisa,Iwasthinkingofpizza.Ithoughtthistowerwasaplacetobuypizza.Itmustbethebestplacetobuypizzaintheworld,Ithought.
ManyyearslaterIfinallysawtheLeaningTower.IknewthenthatitwasPisaandnopizza.Buttherewasstillsomethingspecialaboutitforme.Thetowergotitsnamebecauseitre
allydidleantooneside.Somepeoplewanttotrytofixit.Theyareafraiditmayfalloverandtheydon’tlikeitleansoverthecity.
Idonotthinkit’sagoodideatotrytofixit.Thetowerprobablywillnotfalldown.Itis600yearsold.Whyshouldanythinghappentoitnow?
And,ifyouaskme,Ilikewhatitlookslike.Tomeitisaveryhumankindofleaning.Nothingisperfect.Itseemstosay.
Andwhocares?
Whydopeoplewantthingstobeperfect?
Imperfectthingsmaybemoreinteresting.Let’stakethetowerinPisa.Whyisitsofamous?
Therearemanyotherolder,morebeautifultowersinItaly.ButPisatoweristhemostfamous.Peoplecomefromallovertheworldtoseeit.
AnswereachofthefollowingquestionsinNoMoreThan6Words.
1.Whatisthispassageabout?
2.Whatdidthewriterusetothink?
3.HowoldistheLeaningTowerofPisa？
4.WhereistheLeaningTowerofPisa?
5.WhydoesthewriterliketheLeaningTowerofPisa?
（3）
Therewasamanwhohadalittleboythathelovedverymuch.Everydayafterworkthemanwouldcomehomeandplaywiththelittleboy.Hewouldalwaysspendallofhisfreetimeplayingwiththelittleboy.
Onenight,whilethemanwasatwork,herealizedthathehadsomeworktodofortheevening,andhecouldn’tplaywithhislittleboy.Buthewantedtogivetheboysomethingtokeephimbusy.Thenhesawamagazinewithalargemapoftheworldonthecover.
Hegotanidea.Heremovedthemap,andthentore（撕）itupintosmallpieces.Thenheputallthepiecesinhispocket.Whenhegothome,thelittleboywasreadytoplaywithhisdad.Themansaidhehadworktodoandcouldn'tplayjustnow,buthetookoutallthepiecesofthemapandspread（撒）themonthetable.Hesaiditwasamapoftheworld,andbythetimehecouldputitbacktogether,hisworkwouldbefinished,andtheycouldthenplay.
Abouthalfanhourlatertheboycametothemanandsaid,"Okay,it'sfinished.Canweplaynow?
"Themanwassurprised,saying,"That'simpossible.Let'sgosee."Andsureenough,therewasthepictureoftheworld;allputtogether,everypieceinitsplace.Themansaid,"That'samazing!
Howdidyoudothat?
"Theboysaid,"Itwassimple.Onthebackofthepagewasapictureofaman.WhenIputthemantogetherthewholeworldfellintoplace."
1.Howdidthemanalwaysspendhisfreetimeafterwork?
2.Whywasn’tthemanabletoplaywiththeboyonenight?
3.Whatdidthemantellhissontodobeforehewenttowork?
4.Howmuchtimedidtheboyspendputtingthemapoftheworldbacktogether?
5.Whatdoyouthinkoftheboy?
（请自拟一句话回答）
（4）
WilliamHenryHarrison,theninthpresidentoftheU.S,wasborninasmalltown.Whenhewasaboy,hewasveryquietandshy.Becausehewassoquiet,everyonethoughtthathewasn'tbright（聪明）.
Thepeopleinthetownoftenputanickel（五分币）andadime（一角银币）beforehimandaskhimwhichtochoose.Healwayschosethenickelandtheylaughed.
Onedayawomanfeltsorryforhim.Sheasked,"Whydoyounevertakeadimeandalwayschooseanickelinstead?
Doyouknowanickelisworth（值…钱）muchlessthanadime?
"
"CertainlyIknowit,"Williamansweredslowly."ButifIchoosethedime,theywillnotaskmetochoosethemanymore.
1.WhenWilliamHenryHarrisonwasaboy,whatwashelike?
2.Whydidpeopleinthetownthinkthathewasn’tbright?
3.WhydidpeoplelaughatWilliamHenryHarrison?
4.DidWilliamHenryHarrisonknowanickelwasworthmuchlessthanadime?
5.WhatdoyouthinkofWilliamHenryHarrison?
（5）
“Mum,Ihateyou.Idon’tneedanewschoolbagorclothes.I’mnotafraidofbeinghitbyyou.Ionlywantyoutocomeback.”
WhenChenJiuyingreadherdaughter’sletter,shecouldn’thelpcrying.Chenandherhusbandarenowworkingfarawayfromtheirhometown.Theirdaughter,XiaoLi,islookedafterbyhergrandparents.LikeChen,manymigrantworkers（外来务工人员）aredreamingaboutabetterlife,sotheyhavetoleavetheirchildrenbehind.
Accordingtoasurvey,therearenowabout61millionleft-behindchildren（留守儿童）inpoorareasinChina.Thishasbroughtaboutmanyproblems.Thesechildrencarelittleaboutothers.Theydonotdowellatschool.Theyloseconfidence.
Luckily,manyChinesearenowthinkingaboutthelifeoftheleft-behindchildrenandactionshavebeentakentohelpsolvetheproblem.
AcharityeventtookplaceinBeijingbeforeChildren’sDay.Itsaim（目的）wastoraisesocialawareness（意识）ofleftbehindchildren.Theeventwasheldtoraisemoneyfrombusinessesandthepublictoprepare“lovebags”.Insidethebags，thesearethingsforchildren,includingbooks,torches,andenvelopes（信封）andstampssothatchildrencanwritetotheirparents.
TheeventwasstartedbyChenWeihong,atelevisionhostinChina.“Theleftbehindchildrendon’thaveenoughparentalloveandfamilycare.Theyneedtobeintouchwiththeirparents.Wehopeourlovebagswillhelpthemcommunicatewiththeirparents,andmakethemhappier,”hesaid.
根据上面短文的内容回答问题。
1.WhoislookingafterXiaoLi?
_____________________________________________________________________
2.HowmanyleftbehindchildrenarethereinpoorareasinChinaaccordingtoasurvey?
_____________________________________________________________________
3.Haveactionsbeentakentohelpsolvetheproblem?
_____________________________________________________________________
4.WhydidChenWeihongstartthecharityevent?
_____________________________________________________________________
5.Whatcanchildrendowithenvelopesandstamps?
_____________________________________________________________________
（6）
ItwasearlyeveningonSeptember14th.GlenJames,ahomelessmanwaspassingbyastoreinBostonwhenhehappeneduponablackbag.Toseewhosethebagis,Glenopeneditonlytofindthatitwasfilledwithmoney—$2,400incashandalmost$40,000intravelerschecks,aswellas,apassportandotherpapers.
Whileotherpeopleinsimilarsituationswouldhavebeentempted（引诱）,Glenwhohasbeenhomelesssince2019,didnoteventhinktwice.Heshowedthebagtoapoliceofficer,andthepoliceofficergaveitbacktoaChinesetouristwhohadreporteditlost.WhatGlendi
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