施心远主编《听力教程》3第2版Unit11答案.docx

施心远主编《听力教程》3第2版Unit11答案.docx

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施心远主编《听力教程》3第2版Unit11答案

Unit11

SectionOneTacticsforlistening

Part1spotdictation

Giveyourchildthehappinesstrait

Happinessisbotha"state"anda"trait".Thestateofhappinessisa

（1）moodthatcomesandgoes.Ican

（2）induceitinmytwo-year-olddaughtersimplybymakinga（3）sillyface.

Thetraitofhappinessismore（4）stable.Iseeitinmydaughterwhenshegetsoutofbedwithasmile,eagerto（5）takeontheday.Evenwhenlifeisn'tsopleasant,shecansustainher（6）optimismandhopefulness.

Arecipeforahappydispositionthroughlifeisharderto（7）comeby,butresearchershaveidentifiedkey（8）ingredients.Byfocusingonthese,parentsaremorelikelytoraisechildrenwiththe（9）traitofhappinessbuiltintotheir（10）character.

1）Giveyourchildchoices.

2）Resisttheurgeto（11）spoil.Commonsensesuggeststhatpeoplewith（12）adequateincomesarehappierthanthose（13）without.Thekeywordis"adequate".Whatisimportantishavingenoughto（14）provideforbasicneedsandfeelingcontentwithwhatyouhave.

3）（15）Encouragebroadinterests.

4）Teachresilience*.Everyonehaswaysto（16）copewithbaddays.Achildshouldbetaughttofindsolaceinthingsthatwill（17）restorehissenseofwell-being.

5）（18）Promoteahappyhome.Oneofthebestwaystohelpachildfind（19）enduringhappinessisfortheparentsto（20）lookforitintheirownlives.

Part2ListeningforGist

Oldandyoung,singleandmarried,richandpoor-anyonecanbelonely,irrespectiveofthenumberoffriends,familyandsocialcontactstheyactuallyhave.Women,theelderly,theyoung,thesingleparent,thewidowedandtheunemployedaremostatrisk.

Youngmothersathomewithchildrenunderfiveareparticularlyvulnerabletolonelinessanddepressionbecauseofthetransitionfromworkingwifetohouseboundmother.Elderlypeople,particularlythosewhomovetoanewareaonretirement,maybeisolatedfromtheirfamiliesandfriends.Illness,disabilityandfearofgoingoutalonealsocombinetoturnmanypensionersintoprisonersintheirownhomes.Teenagers'naturalshynessandself-consciousnessmaymakethemawkwardinthecompanyoftheirpeersandtheoppositesex.Singleparentsfeelcutofffromacouple-orientatedsociety.Divorcecanbeshatteringtotheself-esteem.Withsomanysocialcontactsbeingmadethroughwork,unemploymentcanalsoleadtoloneliness.

Directions:

Listentothepassageandwritedownthegistandthekeywordsthathelpyoudecide.

1）Thispassageisaboutvariousreasonsforlonelinessanddepression.

2）Thekeywordsareyoungmothers,transition,workingwife,houseboundmother:

elderlypeople.isolated.illness.disability.fearofgoingoutalone:

teenagers.naturalshyness.self-consciousness:

singleparents.cutoff.acouple-orientatedsociety.divorce.self-esteem:

socialcontacts.work.unemployment.

SectionTwoListeningComprehension

Part1Dialogue

DeputyEditor

RayJones:

Youknow,alotofpeoplewhoreadnewspapershavenoideahowthey'reputtogether.

I'moftenaskedtotalktogroupsofpeopleaboutmywork,andit'sincrediblehowmanyofthemthinkeitherthatreporterswritetheheadlinesandtaketheirownpicturesor,conversely,thattheEditorwritesandprintseverythinginthepaper.Theyfailtorealizethatproducinganewspaperisreallyverymuchateameffort.

MaryKeen:

Ray,you'reDeputyEditoroftheEveningPost.Whatexactlydoesthatentail?

RayJones:

Well,theworkofaDeputyEditorvariesfrompapertopaperdependingontheEditor.

NotwoEditorsworkthesameway.Somedelegatealltheadministrationtoadeputy.Otherstakeonalltheadminthemselvesandconcentrateonthemanagementsideofrunningthenewspaperratherthanontheeditorialside.OurEditorhereisthesortwholikesgettinginvolvedintheeditorialsideofthepaper,sohe'lloftencome,sitdownwiththereportersandworkonastorywiththem.Butthenonceortwiceaweekhe'llleavethatandgetonwiththeadmin...

MaryKeen:

SowhatareyourresponsibilitiesasDeputy?

RayJones:

Isupervisethereporters,sportswritersandsub-editorsandtrytoseethateveryoneknowswhateveryoneelseisdoingsothatitallrunssmoothly.And,ofcourse,Ialsostandin*fortheEditorwhenhe'satmeetings,conferences,orwhatever.

MaryKeen:

AndwhatisRayJones'typicalworkingday?

RayJones:

Well,itstartsatabout7:

15,andthefirstthingIhavetodoistofindoutwhat'sgoingoninthenewsroom,whatarethebeststoriesoftheday,who'sgoingtocoverthem,andsoon.Quiteoftenit'snotimmediatelyobviouswhat'sgoingtobethefrontpagelead*,andthat'samajorheadacheatthestartoftheday.Oncethat'sbeensortedoutandI'vecheckedthatthere'snothingdistastefulorunethicalgoingintothepaper,thenIcomebacktomyofficetogetonwithmyDeputyEditortasks.

MaryKeen:

Whichare?

RayJones:

Takingcareofreaders'letters,forinstance,andeditingourMailbagcolumn.Thatcanbegreatfun-wehaveasplendidlyeccentricbunchofregularreaders,and,giventherightsubject,theyoftenproduceanextremelyentertainingandwell-writtensetofletters.Ofcourse,dealingwiththecorrespondencehasitstedioussideaswell-Ihavetoreadeveryletterweget,andsomeofthem,asyoucanimagine,areabitofapain.

MaryKeen:

Whatelsedoyouhavetodo?

RayJones:

IalsowritetheLeadercolumneachday.ThatmeansIhavetocompose300wordsonsomematterofpublicconcernexpressingthenewspaper'sopinion.Andsometimesthis,too,canbearealproblem.MorethanonceI'vefoundmyselfhalfanhourbeforethedeadlinewithnoideawhatmyopinionwasgoingtobeonwhatsubject.

MaryKeen:

Howdidyougetintojournalism,Ray?

RayJones:

Asanerrandboy,actually,attheageof15.IleftschoolwithnoqualificationsandwasluckyenoughtogetajobwiththeLiverpoolEcho,makingtea,polishingfloorsandsoon.AfterayearIbecameajuniorreporter.Ididtheusualsortoftrainingbyattendingday-releaseclasses,gainedsomemoreexperienceasareporterandthenwentfromtheEchototheBirminghamMailwhereIbecameasub-editor,andthenachiefreporter.I'vebeenonacoupleofotherpaperssincethemail-IwasNewsEditoronmylastpaper-andImovedtotheEveningPostthreeyearsago.

Directions:

Listentothedialogueandcompletethefollowinggrids.

A.RayJones'JobDescription

HisresponsibilitiesasaDeputyEditor

Supervisesthereporters,sportswritersandsub-editors;StandsinfortheEditorsometimes.

RayJones'typicalworkingday

Startsatabout7:

15,andfindsoutwhat'sgoingoninthenewsroom,whatarethebeststoriesoftheday,andwhat'sgoingtobethefrontpagelead.GetsonwiththeDeputyEditortasks.

Mailbagcolumn

Takescareofreaders'letters.Thatcanbegreatfun.Ofcourse,dealingwiththecorrespondencehasitstedioussideaswell.

Leadercolumn

Eachdaytherewillbeanarticleabout300wordsonsomematterofpublicconcern,whichexpressesthenewspaper'sopinion.

B.RayJones'CareerExperience

Newspaper

Time

Work

LiverpoolEcho

Attheageof15

Workedasanerrandboy,makingtea,polishingfloorsandsoon.

Afterayear

Becameajuniorreporter;gainedsomemoreexperienceasareporterbyattendingday-releaseclasses.

BirminghamMail

Becameasub-editor,andthenachiefreporter.

（Acoupleofotherpapers）

BecameNewsEditoronthelastpaper.

EveningPost

DeputyEditor

Part2passage

BuildingfriendshipswithYourYoungChildren

Severalyearsago,webeganconstructiononanewchurchbuilding.Inthebeginning,theworkmendugabigpitinthegroundandthentheybegantopourfootings.Footingsarecementpiersuponwhichtheentirebuildingrests.Theyarecrucialtothestrengthofthefinishedstructure.Afterthefoundationholeisdug,thefootingsmustbepouredquickly,beforethecompositionofthesoilischangedbythewind,air,orwater.

Inasimilarwayinthesebriefearlyyears,parentsofyoungchildrenhavethechallengingjoboflayingthefoundationthatwillsupportfamilyfriendshipsinlateryears.

Physicalaffectionandverbalaffirmationarenecessaryinlayingastrongfoundationforfriendship.Hug,hug,hug.Evenifyouwerenotraisedinahuggingfamily,hugyourkidsanyway.Theyneedthewarmthofphysicalcontactandsodoyou.

Say"Iloveyou"andsayitoften.Whenwetalkwithourchildren,it'smeaningfulifwelookthemintheeyes.Sosquatdowntotheirlevelwhenyoutrulywanttocommunicatewiththem,andletthemknowthatwhatyouaresayingtooneanotherisimportant.

Ayoungchildwilltrytomanipulateandbeincharge.Hewillattempttogethisownway.Whilethechildmaynotbeconsciouslytryingtocontrol,thisiswhatheisdoing.Awiseparentmustnotpermitthistohappen.Lettingachildmanipulateorcontrolputsanawful,unfairburdenonthechild.Firmdisciplinerelievesachildofthisburdenandbuildsrespectfortheparent.Whenachildrespectshisparents,hewillalsorespectothers.

Traditionanddisciplinearerelated,fortraditionbeginswitharegularlyscheduledeventandtherepetition,timeaftertime,ofthatevent.Discipline,too,istherepetitionofmanysmallactsuntiltheybecomeingrainedaspartofthewayinwhichachildrelatestotheworld.Smallchildrenneedaschedule—aroutine.Schedulesbuildconfidenceinchildrenbecausetheyknowwhattoexpectandwhentoexpectit.

Parentsofyoungchildrensometimesfeelmuchlikethoseworkers.Weworkandworkanddon'tseemuchprogress.Ormakeprogressinoneareaandthenhaveasetbackinanother.It'seasytoloseourp