英语高一英语阅读理解专题训练答案及解析.docx

英语高一英语阅读理解专题训练答案及解析.docx

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英语高一英语阅读理解专题训练答案及解析

（英语）高一英语阅读理解专题训练答案及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

WhatCocktailPartiesTeachUs

   You'reataparty.Musicisplaying.Glassesareclinking.Dozensofconversationsaredrivingupthedecibel（分贝）level.Yetamongallthosedistractions,youcantuneyourattentiontojustonevoicefrommany.Thisabilityiswhatresearcherscallthe“cocktail-partyeffect”.

   ScientistsattheUniversityofCaliforniainSanFranciscohavefoundwherethatsound-editingprocessoccursinthebrain—intheauditorycortex（听觉皮层）justbehindtheear,notinareasofhigherthought.Theauditorycortexboostssomesoundsandturnsdownotherssothatwhenthesignalreachesthehigherbrain,“it'sasifonlyonepersonwasspeakingalone,”saysinvestigatorEdwardChang.

   Thesefindings,publishedinthejournalNaturelastweek,explainwhypeoplearen'tverygoodatmultitasking—ourbrainsarewiredfor“selectiveattention”andcanfocusononlyonethingatatime.Thatinbornabilityhashelpedhumanssurviveinaworldbuzzingwithvisualandauditorystimulation（刺激）.Butwekeeptryingtopushthelimitswithmultitasking,sometimeswithtragic（悲剧的）consequences.Driverstalkingoncellphones,forexample,arefourtimesaslikelytogetintotrafficaccidentsasthosewhoaren't.

   Manyofthoseaccidentsaredueto“inattentionalblindness”,inwhichpeoplecan,ineffect,turnablindeyetothingstheyaren'tfocusingon.Themoreattentionataskdemands,thelessattentionwecanpaytootherthingsinourfieldofvision.Imageslandonourretinas（视网膜）andareeitherboostedorplayeddowninthevisualcortexbeforebeingpassedtothebrain,justastheauditorycortexfilterssounds,asshownintheNaturestudylastweek.“It'sapush-pullrelationship—themorewefocusononething,thelesswecanfocusonothers,”saysDianeM.Beck,anassociateprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofIllinois.

   StudiesoverthepastdecadeattheUniversityofUtahshowthatdriverstalkingonhands-freecellphonesarejustasinfluencedasthoseonhands-heldphonesbecauseitistheconversation,notthedevice,thatisdistractingtheirattention.Thosetalkingonanykindofcellphonereactmoreslowlyandmissmoretrafficsignalsthanothermotorists.

   Somepeoplecantrainthemselvestopayextraattentiontothingsthatareimportant—likepoliceofficerslearntoscancrowdsforfacesandconductorscanlistenforindividualinstrumentswithintheorchestraasawhole.Manymorethinktheycaneffectivelymultitask,butareactuallyshiftingtheirattentionrapidlybetweentwothingsandnotgettingthefulleffectofeither,expertssay.

（1）WhathavescientistsinUniversityofCaliforniafoundabout“thecocktail-partyeffect”?

A. Usuallythereisonlyonepersonwhoisspeakingalone.         

B. Allkindsofannoyingsoundsdriveupthedecibellevel.

C. Thehigherbrainprocessessoundsandimagesselectively.         

D. Soundsaresortedoutbeforereachingthehigherbrain.

（2）Whatdowelearnfromthepassage?

A. Wearebiologicallyincapableofmultitasking.         

B. Wesurvivedistractionsinlifebymultitasking.

C. Wecannotmultitaskwithoutextraattention.         

D. Webenefitfrompushingthelimitwithmultitasking.

（3）Whichofthefollowingisanexampleof"inattentionalblindness"?

A. Acarelessdriverlosthiseyesightafteracaraccident.         

B. Policescannedthecrowdsandlocatedthecriminal.

C. Amanagertalkedonahands-freephonewithhisclient.         

D. Apedestrianhadacaraccidentbecauseofphubbing（低头）.

（4）Themainpurposeofthepassageisto______.

A. compareandcontrast                                      B. informandexplain

C. argueanddiscuss                                            

D. examineandevaluate

【答案】

（1）D

（2）A

（3）D

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述的是“鸡尾酒会效应”的启示。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“ScientistsattheUniversityofCaliforniainSanFranciscohavefoundwherethatsound-editingprocessoccursinthebrain—intheauditorycortex（听觉皮层）justbehindtheear,notinareasofhigherthought.”现在，加州大学旧金山分校（UniversityofCaliforniainSanFrancisco）的科学家找到了这种声音编辑过程在大脑中发生的位置──在耳朵后面的听觉皮层，而不是大脑的高级思维区域。

可知，在到达更高的大脑之前，声音已经被整理出来了，故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Thesefindings,publishedinthejournalNaturelastweek,explainwhypeoplearen'tverygoodatmultitasking-ourbrainsarewiredfor‘selectiveattention’andcanfocusononlyonethingatatime.”这些上月发布在《自然》期刊上的研究结果强调了为何人们不是很擅长处理多任务──我们的大脑有“选择性注意”机制，一次只能专注于一件事。

可知，我们在生理上无法同时处理多项任务。

故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“Manyofthoseaccidentsaredueto‘inattentionalblindness’,inwhichpeoplecan,ineffect,turnablindeyetothingstheyaren'tfocusingon.”可知，D项Apedestrianhadacaraccidentbecauseofphubbing.“一个行人因低头族而发生车祸。

”是一个“inattentionalblindness”的例子。

故选D。

（4）考查目的意图。

根据最后一段中的“Somepeoplecantrainthemselvestopayextraattentiontothingsthatareimportant—likepoliceofficerslearntoscancrowdsforfacesandconductorscanlistenforindividualinstrumentswithintheorchestraasawhole.Manymorethinktheycaneffectivelymultitask,butareactuallyshiftingtheirattentionrapidlybetweentwothingsandnotgettingthefulleffectofeither,expertssay.”有人可以训练自己对重要的事情付出格外的注意力──就像警察学习扫描人群的面孔，以及乐团指挥可以在整个乐团中听到每件乐器的声音。

专家说，更多的人则是自以为可以有效地处理多任务，但他们其实是在两件事之间迅速转移注意力，而并没有全身心地投入到其中任何一件事中。

可知本文的目的是“检查和评估”，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和目标意图三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行讨论推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Googleisconsistentlyratedthebestplacetowork.SoyouneedadegreefromHarvardtointhedoor,right?

   Notreally,accordingtoLaszloBock,Google'sHeadofPeopleOperations.Whenthecompanywassmall,GooglecaredalotaboutgettingkidsfromHarvard,Stanford,MITandmanyotherIvyLeagueschools. ButBocksaiditwasthe"wrong"hiringstrategy. Experiencehastaughthimthereareexceptionalkidsatmanyotherplaces,fromstateschoolsinCaliforniatoNewYork.

   "Whatwefindisthebestpeoplefromplaceslikethatarejustasgood,ifnotbetter,asanybodyyoucangetfromanyIvyLeagueschool,"saidBock,whojustauthoredabooktitled"WorkRules!

"

   Everyyear,2millionpeopleapplytogetajobatGoogle. Bockhimselfhasseensome25,000résumés.

   SowhatelsedoesGooglenotcareabout:

   Grades:

Google'sdatashowsthatgradespredictperformanceforthefirsttwoyearsofacareer,butdonotmatterafterthat.

   Brain-teasers:

Goneareinterviewquestionssuchas:

Whyaremanholecovers（井盖）round?

orHowmanygolfballscanfitinaschoolbus?

"Ourresearchtellsusthosequestionsareawasteoftime,"Bocksaid"They'reareallycoachableskill.Themoreyoupractice,yougetbetteratit."

   Here'swhatGoogledoescareabout:

   Problemsolvers:

Yourcognitiveability（认知能力）,orhowwellyousolveproblems.

   Leaders:

Theideaisnotwhetheryouwerepresidentofthestudentbodyorvicepresidentofthebank,butrather:

"Whenyouseeaproblemdoyoustepin,helpsolveit,"andthencritically,"Areyouwillingtostepoutandletsomebodyelsetakeover,andmakeroomforsomebodyelse?

Areyouwillingtogiveuppower?

"

   Googleyness:

That'swhatGooglecallsitsculturalfit.It'snot"Areyoulikeus?

"Bocksaid."Weactuallylookforpeoplewhoaredifferent,becausediversitygivesusgreatideas."

   "What'smostimportantisthatpeopleareintellectuallyhumble,willingtoadmitwhenthey'rewrong,andcareabouttheenvironmentaroundthem…becausewewantpeoplewhothinklikeownersnotemployees,"Bocksaid.

   Theleastimportantthing?

Knowinghowtodothejob.

   "Wefigureifyougetthefirstthreerightyou'llfigureitoutmostofthetime."

（1）WhatdoesBockmeaninParagraph2?

A. Peoplefromstateschoolscanbeasgood.

B. GooglenolongerhirespeoplefromIvyLeagueschools.

C. HiringisahardjobforGoogle.

D. StateschoolsareworsethanIvyLeagueones.

（2）Whichquestionbelongstoabrain-teaser?

A. Whatareyourgradeslike?

B. Whatisthesignificanceoffiguringouttargetusers?

C. HowwouldyouimproveaGoogleproduct?

D. HowmuchtoiletpaperisneededtocoverTexas?

（3）WhoisaqualifiedleaderaccordingtoGoogle?

A. Oneeagerforpower.                                       

B. Onecapableofworkingindependently.

C. Onewillingtostepaside.                                

D. Oneoperatinganorganization.

（4）WhatisGoogleyness?

A. Beingunique.             

B. Beingadaptable.             

C. Beingqualified.             

D. Beingloyal.

【答案】

（1）A

（2）D

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了比起文凭和学历，谷歌更看重什么。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Experiencehastaughthimthereareexceptionalkidsatmanyotherplaces,fromstateschoolsinCaliforniatoNewYork.”可知Bock的意思是经验告诉他，在一些别的地方，比如加利福尼亚或纽约的公立学校中，也会有一些天赋超常的人才，故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据“Brain-teasers:

Goneareinterviewquestionssuchas:

Whyaremanholecovers（井盖）round?

orHowmanygolfballscanfitinaschoolbus?

‘Ourresearchtellsusthosequestionsareawasteoftime,’Bocksaid‘They'reareallycoachableskill.Themoreyoupractice,yougetbetteratit.’”智力问答：

谷歌不再出这样的面试题了：

为什么井盖是圆的？

或者是：

多少个高尔夫球能装满一辆校车？

博克说：

“我们的调查显示，这么问纯粹是浪费时间。

因为这些是能够通过训练提高的技能，你练习得越多，就能答得更好。

”由此推断出“覆盖德克萨斯州需要多少卫生纸”这是一个脑筋急转弯，故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据“Leaders:

Theideaisnotwhetheryouwerepresidentofthestudentbodyorvicepresidentofthebank,butrather:

‘Whenyouseeaproblemdoyoustepin,helpsolveit,’andthencritically，‘Areyouwillingtostepoutandletsomebodyelsetakeover，andmakeroomforsomebodyelse?

Areyouwillingtogiveuppower?

’”这不是说你得是学生会主席或是银行副总理，而是“当你遇到问题时能不能介入，帮助解决问题”。

然后是眼光要犀利，“可以退出来让别人接管吗？

能够让位于别人吗？

可以放弃权力吗？

”，由此可知依据谷歌的说法，一个愿意退让的人是一个合格的领导者，故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据Googleyness:

That'swhatGooglecallsitsculturalfit.It'snot‘Areyoulikeus?

’Bocksaid.‘Weactual