机械手外文翻译立柱式助力机械手设计.docx
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机械手外文翻译立柱式助力机械手设计
毕业设计外文资料翻译
题目立柱式助力机械手设计
学院机械工程学院
专业机械工程及自动化
班级机自0902
学生
学号
指导教师
二〇一三年三月十五日
ManufacturingEngineeringandTechnology——Machining,2004
TheDesignofHandColumnTypePowerMachine
Seropekalpakjian,StevenR.Schmid
ShanghaiMetallurgicalResearchInstituteofChineseAcademyofSciences
Abstract
Machinehanddevelopedinrecentdecadesashigh-techautomatedproductionequipment.Industrialmachinehandisanimportantbranchofindustrialmachinehands.Itfeaturescanbeprogrammedtasksinavarietyofexpectations,inbothstructureandperformanceadvantagesoftheirownpeopleandmachines,inparticular,reflectsthepeople’sintelligenceandadaptability.Theaccuracyofmachinehandoperationsandavarietyofenvironmentstheabilitytocompletetheworkinthefieldofnationaleconomyandtherearebroadprospectsfordevelopment.Withthedevelopmentofindustrialautomation,therehasbeenCNCmarchingcenter,itisinreducinglaborintensity,whilegreatlyimproveslaborproductivity.However,theupperandlowercommoninCNCmarchingprocessesmaterial,usuallystillusemanualortraditionalrelay-controlledsemi-automaticdevice.Theformertime-consumingandlaborintensive,inefficient;thelatterduetodesigncomplexity,requiremorerelays,writingcomplexity,vulnerabilitytobodyvibrationinterference,whiletheexistenceofpoorreliability,faultmoremaintenanceproblemsandotherissues.ProgrammableLogicControllerPLC-controlledmachinehandcontrolsystemformaterialupanddownmovementissimple,circuitdesignisreasonable,whileastronganti-jammingcapability,ensuringthesystem’sreliability,reducedmaintenancerate,andimproveworkefficiency.Machinehandtechnologyrelatedtomechanics,mechanics,electricalhydraulictechnology,automaticcontroltechnology,sensortechnologyandcomputertechnologyandotherfieldsofscience,isacross-disciplinarytechnology.
1.Anoverviewofindustrialmanipulator
Machinehandisakindofpositioningcontrolwhichcanbeautomatedandcanbere-programmedtochangeinmulti-functionalmachine,whichhasmultipledegreesoffreedomcanbeusedtocarryanobjectinordertocompletetheworkindifferentenvironments.LowwagesinChina,plasticproductsindustry,althoughstillalabor-intensive,mechanicalhandusehasbecomeincreasinglypopular.ElectronicsandautomotiveindustriesthatEuropeandtheUnitesStatesmultinationalcompaniesveryearlyintheirfactoriesinChina,theintroductionofautomatedproduction.Butnowthechangesarethosefoundinindustrial-intensiveSouthChina,EastChina’scoastalareas,local
plasticprocessingplantshavealsoemergedinmechanicalwatchesbegantobecomeincreasinglyinterestedin,becausetheyhavetofaceahighturnoverrateofworkers,aswellasfortheworkerstopaywork-relatedinjuriesfeechallenges.
WiththerapiddevelopmentofChina’sindustrialproduction,especiallythereformandopeningupaftertherapidincreaseinthedegreeofautomationtoachievetheworkpiecehandling,steering,transmissionoroperationofbrazing,spraygun,wrenchesandothertoolsforprocessingandassemblyoperationssince,whichhasmoreandmoreattractedourattention.
Machinehandistoimitatethemanualpartoftheaction,accordingtoagivenprogram,trackandrequirementsforautomaticcapture,handlingoroperationoftheautomaticmechanicaldevices.
Inreallife,youwillfindthisaproblem.Inthemachineshop,theprocessingofpartsloadingtimeisnotannoying,andlaborproductivityisnothigh,thecostofproductionmajor,andsometimesman-madeincidentswilloccur,resultinginprocessingwereinjures.Thinkaboutwhatcouldreplaceitwiththeprocessingtimeofatouraslongasthereareafewpeople,andcanoperate24hourssaturatedhumanright?
Theanswerisyes,butthemachinehandcancometoreplaceit.
Productionofmechanicalhandcanincreasetheautomationlevelofproductionandlaborproductivity;canreducelaborintensity,ensuringproductquality,toachievesafeproduction;particularlyinthehigh-temperature,highpressure,lowtemperature,lowpressure,dust,explosive,toxicandradioactivegasessuchaspoorenvironmentcanreplacethenormalworkingpeople.HereIwouldliketothinkofdesigningamachinehandtobeusedinactualproduction.
Whywouldamachinehanddesignedtoprovideapneumaticpower:
pneumaticmachinehandreferstothecompressedairaspowersource-drivenmachinehand.Withpressure-drivenandotherenergy-drivencomparisonhavethefollowingadvantages:
1.Airinexhaustible,usedlaterdischargedintotheatmosphere,doesnotrequirerecyclinganddisposal,donotpollutetheenvironment.(Conceptofenvironmentalprotection)
2.Airstickissmall,thepipelinepressurelossissmall(typicallylessthanasphaltgaspathpressuredropofone-thousandth),tofacilitatelong-distancetransport.
3.Compressedairoftheworkingpressureislow(usually4to8kg/persquarecentimeter),andthereforemovingthematerialcomponentsandmanufacturingaccuracyrequirementscanbelowered.
4.Withthehydraulictransmission,comparedtoitsfasteractionandreaction,whichisoneoftheadvantagespneumaticoutstanding.
5.Theaircleanermedia,itwillnotdegenerate,noteasytoplugthepipeline.
Buttherearealsoplaceswhereitfliesintheointment:
1.Asthecompressibilityofair,resultinginpooraerodynamicstabilityofthework,resultingintheimplementingagenciesastheprecisionofthevelocityandnoteasilycontrolled.
2.Astheuseoflowatmosphericpressure,theoutputpowercannotbetoolarge;inordertoincreasetheoutputpowerisboundtothestructureoftheentirepneumaticsystemsizeincreased.
2.Thecomposition,mechanicalhand
Machinehandintheformofavarietyofforms,somerelativelysimple,somemorecomplicated,butthebasicformisthesameasthecompositionofthe,usuallybytheimplementingagencies,transmissionsystems,controlsystemsandauxiliarydevicescomposed.
1.Implementingagencies
Manipulatorexecutingagencybythehands,wrists,arm,pillars.Handsarecrawlinginstitutions,isusedtoclampandreleasetheworkpiece,andsimilartohumanfingers,tocompletethestaffingofsimilaractions.Wristandfingersandthearmconnectingthecomponentscanbeupanddown,left,androtarymovement.Asimplemechanicalhandcannotwrist.Pillarsusedtosupportthearmcanalsobemademobileasneeded.
2.Transmission
Theactuatortobeachievedbythetransmissionsystem.Sub-transmissionsystemcommonlyusedmanipulatormechanicaltransmission,hydraulictransmission,pneumaticandelectricpowertransmissionandotherdriveseveralforms.
3.ControlSystem
Manipulatorcontrolsystem’smainroleistocontrolthemachinehandaccordingtocertainprocedures,direction,position,speedofaction,asimplemechanicalhandisgenerallynotsetupadedicatedcontrolsystem,usingonlytripswitches,relays,controlvalvesandcircuitscanbeachieveddynamicdrivesystemcontrol,sothatimplementingagenciesaccordingtotherequirementsofaction.Actionwillhavetousecomplexprogrammablemachinehandcontroller,themicro-computercontrol..
3.Mechanicalhandclassificationandcharacteristics
Machinehandsaregenerallydividedintothreecategories:
thefirstisthegeneralmachinerydoesnotrequiremanualhand.Itisanindependentnotaffiliatedwithaparticularhostdevice.Itcanbeprogrammedaccordingtotheneedsofthetasktocompletetheoperationoftheprovisions.Itischaracterizedwithordinarymechanicalperformance,alsohasgeneralmachinery,memory,intelligenceternarymachinery.Thesecondcategoryistheneedtomanuallydoit,calledtheoperationofaircraft.Itoriginatedintheatom,militaryindustry,firstthroughtheoperationofmachinestocompleteaparticularjob,andlaterdevelopedtooperateusingradiosignalstocarryoutdetectingmachinessuchastheMoon.Usedinindustrialmanipulatoralsofallintothiscategory.Thethirdcategoryisdedicatedmanipulator,themainsubsidiaryoftheautomaticmachinesorautomaticlines,tosolvethemachineupanddowntheworkpiecematerialanddelivery.Thismechanicalhandinforeigncountriesknownasthe“MechanicalHand”,whichisthehostofservices,fromthehost-driven;exceptionofafewoutsidetheworkingproceduresaregenerallyfixed,andthereforespecial.
Mainfeatures
First,mechanicalhand(theupperandlowermaterialmachinehand,assemblymachinehand,handlingmachinehand,stackingmachinehand,helpmachinehand,vacuumhandlingmachines,vacuumsuctioncrane,labor-savingspreader,pneumaticbalancer,etc.)
Second,cantilevercranes(cantilevercrane,electricchainhoistcrane,airbalancethehanging,etc.)
Third,rail-typetransportsystem(hangingrail,lightrail,singlegirdercranes,double-beamcrane)
Four,industrialmachinery,applicationofhand
Manipulatorinthemechanizationandautomationoftheproductionprocessdevelopedanewtypeofdevice.Inrecentyears,aselectronictechnology,especiallycomputerextensiveuseofmachinehanddevelopmentandproductionofhigh-techfieldshasbecomearapidlydevelopedanewtechnology,whichfurtherpromotedthedevelopmentofmachinehand,allowingmachinehandtobetterachievedwiththecombinationofmechanizationandautomation.
Althoughthemachinehandisnotasflexibleasstaff,butithastothecontinuousduplicationofworkandlabor,Idonotknowfatigue,notafraidofdanger,thepowersnatchweightcharacteristicswhencomparedwithmanuallarge,therefore,mechanicalhandhasbeenappliedwidely,forexample:
a)Machiningtheworkp