大二轮总复习测试 阅读理解专题 专题四 顺藤摸瓜 明辨词义猜测类题目.docx

大二轮总复习测试 阅读理解专题 专题四 顺藤摸瓜 明辨词义猜测类题目.docx

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大二轮总复习测试阅读理解专题专题四顺藤摸瓜明辨词义猜测类题目

专题四　“顺藤摸瓜”——明辨词义猜测类题目

Ⅰ.体验高考

Passage1

体裁：

说明文　话题：

科学研究　时间：

6分钟

（2014·广东卷，D）Scientiststodayaremakinggreaterefforttostudyoceancurrents（洋流）．Mostdoitusingsatellitesandotherhightechequipment.However，oceanexpertCurtisEbbesmeyerdoesitinaspecialway—bystudyingmovementsofrandomfloatinggarbage.Ascientistwithmanyyears'experience，hestartedthistypeofresearchintheearly1990swhenheheardabouthundredsofathleticshoeswashingupontheshoresofthenorthwestcoastoftheUnitedStates.Thereweresomanyshoesthatpeopleweresettingupswap_meetstotryandmatchleftandrightshoestosellorwear.

Ebbesmeyerfoundoutinhisresearchesthattheshoes－about60,000intotal－fellintotheoceaninashippingaccident.Hephonedtheshoecompanyandaskediftheywantedtheshoesback.Asexpected，thecompanytoldhimthattheydidn't.Ebbesmeyerrealizedthiscouldbeagreatexperiment.Ifhelearnedwhenandwheretheshoeswentintothewaterandtrackedwheretheylanded，hecouldlearnalotaboutthepatternsofoceancurrents.

ThePacificNorthwestisoneoftheworld'sbestareasforbeachcombing（海滩搜寻）becausewindsandcurrentsjoinhere，andasaresult，thereisagroupofseriousbeachcombersinthearea.Ebbesmeyergottoknowalotofthemandaskedfortheirhelpincollectinginformationaboutwheretheshoeslanded.Inayearhecollectedreliableinformationon1,600shoes.Withthisdata，heandacolleaguewereabletotestandimproveacomputerprogramdesignedtomodeloceancurrents，andpublishthefindingsoftheirstudy.

Astheresultofhiswork，Ebbesmeyerhasbecomeknownasthescientisttocallwithquestionsaboutanyunusualobjectsfoundfloatingintheocean.Hehasevenstartedanassociationofbeachcombersandoceanexperts，with500subscribersfromWestAfricatoNewZealand.Theyhaverecordedalllostobjectsrangingfrompotatoestogolfgloves.

【语篇导读】　本文是说明文，介绍了一种研究洋流的特别方式。

1．TheunderlinedphraseswapmeetsinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto________.

A．fittingroomsB．tradingfairs

C．businesstalksD．groupmeetings

解析　词义猜测题。

由前面的somanyshoes和后面的totryandmatchleftandrightshoestosellorwear，特别是sell，可知是建立交易市场，故选B。

答案　B

2．Ebbesmeyerphonedtheshoecompanytofindout________.

A．whatcausedtheshippingaccident

B．whenandwheretheshoeswentmissing

C．whetheritwasallrighttousetheirshoes

D．howmuchtheylostintheshippingaccident

解析　事实细节题。

由第二段二、三、四句“Hephonedtheshoecompanyandaskediftheywantedtheshoesback.Asexpected，thecompanytoldhimthattheydidn't.Ebbesmeyerrealizedthiscouldbeagreatexperiment”可知，选C。

答案　C

3．HowdidEbbesmeyerprovehisassumption?

A．Bycollectinginformationfrombeachcombers.

B．Bystudyingtheshoesfoundbybeachcombers.

C．Bysearchingthewebforoceancurrentsmodels.

D．Byresearchingoceancurrentsdatainthelibrary.

解析　事实细节题。

由第三段第二句Ebbesmeyergottoknowalotofthem（seriousbeachcombers）andaskedfortheirhelpincollectinginformationaboutwheretheshoeslanded及其后几句可知，选A，“通过海滩清理者收集信息”。

答案　A

4．Ebbesmeyerismostfamousfor________.

A．travelingwidelythecoastalcitiesoftheworld

B．makingrecordsforanylostobjectsonthesea

C．runningaglobalcurrentsresearchassociation

D．phoningaboutanydoubtfulobjectsonthesea

解析　事实细节题。

由第四段第一句Ebbesmeyerhasbecomeknownasthescientisttocallwithquestionsaboutanyunusualobjectsfoundfloatingintheocean可知，选D。

答案　D

5．Whatisthepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassage?

A．Tocallpeople'sattentiontooceanpollution.

B．Towarnpeopleofshippingsafetyintheocean.

C．Toexplainauniquewayofstudyingoceancurrents.

D．Togivetipsonhowtosearchforlostobjectsonthebeach.

解析　主旨大意题。

文章主题句在第一段，即However，oceanexpertCurtisEbbesmeyerdoesitinaspecialway—bystudyingmovementsofrandomfloatinggarbage，由此可知选C。

答案　C

Passage2

体裁：

说明文　话题：

旅鸽　时间：

6分钟

（2014·课标Ⅰ卷）Passengerpigeons（旅鸽）onceflewovermuchoftheUnitedStatesinunbelievablenumbers.Writtenaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturiesdescribedflocks（群）solargethattheydarkenedtheskyforhours.

Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreacheditshighestpoint，thereweremorethan3billionpassengerpigeons－anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates，makingitperhapsthemostabundantbirdintheworld.Evenaslateas1870whentheirnumbershadalreadybecomesmaller，aflockbelievedtobe1milewideand320miles（about515kilometers）longwasseennearCincinnati.

Sadly，theabundanceofpassengerpigeonsmayhavebeentheirundoing.Wherethebirdsweremostabundant，peoplebelievedtherewasaneverlastingsupplyandkilledthembythethousands.Commercialhuntersattractedthemtosmallclearingswithgrain，waiteduntilpigeonshadsettledtofeed，thenthrewlargenetsoverthem，takinghundredsatatime.Thebirdswereshippedtolargecitiesandsoldinrestaurants.

Bytheclosingdecadesofthe19thcentury，thehardwoodforestswherepassengerpigeonsnestedhadbeendamagedbyAmericans'needforwood，whichscattered（驱散）theflocksandforcedthebirdstogofarthernorth，wherecoldtemperaturesandspringstormscontributedtotheirdecline.Soonthegreatflocksweregone，nevertobeseenagain.

In1897，thestateofMichiganpassedalawprohibitingthekillingofpassengerpigeons，butbythen，nosizableflockshadbeenseeninthestatefor10years.ThelastconfirmedwildpigeonintheUnitedStateswasshotbyaboyinPikeCounty，Ohio，in1900.Foratime，afewbirdssurvivedunderhumancare.Thelastofthem，knownaffectionatelyasMartha，diedattheCincinnatiZoologicalGardenonSeptember1,1914.

【语篇导读】　本文叙述了旅鸽逐渐消失的过程。

1．Inthe18thandearly19thcenturies，passengerpigeons________.

A．werethebiggestbirdintheworld

B．livedmainlyinthesouthofAmerica

C．didgreatharmtothenaturalenvironment

D．werethelargestbirdpopulationintheUS

解析　事实细节题。

根据文章第一段所述在18和19世纪，美国大群的旅鸽飞起来可以遮住天空几个小时，所以美国旅鸽的数量是最大的，故选D。

答案　D

2．Theunderlinedword“undoing”probablyreferstothepigeons'________.

A．escapeB．ruin

C．liberationD．evolution

解析　词义猜测题。

根据文章第三段中“Wherethebirdswereabundant...bythethousands”可知旅鸽遭到捕杀，所以ruin和undoing词义相似，故选B。

答案　B

3．Whatwasthemainreasonforpeopletokillpassengerpigeons?

A．Toseekpleasure.B．Tosaveotherbirds.

C．Tomakemoney.D．Toprotectcrops.

解析　事实细节题。

根据文章第二段中“Commercialhuntersattractedthem...soldinrestaurants”可知旅鸽遭到捕杀的主要原因是捕杀者要赚钱。

故选C。

答案　C

4．WhatcanweinferaboutthelawpassedinMichigan?

A．Itwasignoredbythepublic.

B．Itwasdeclaredtoolate.

C．Itwasunfair.

D．Itwasstrict.

解析　推理判断题。

根据文章最后一段中“In1897，thestateof...for10years”可知通过法律后的10年，鸽群数量仍然不多，所以制定法律为时已晚，故选B。

答案　B

Ⅱ.仿真、模拟

Passage1

体裁：

说明文　话题：

卫生保健　时间：

7分钟

（2014·鹰潭一中月考）FiveBoomingCareersinHealthCare

Lovingwhatyoudoisgreat，butknowingyourcareerwillbetheretomorrowisevenbetter.Andwhenitcomestoboomingfields，thehealthcareindustryisonethat'sprimedforgrowth.

Wanttopreparetotakeyourplaceinthehealthcarefield？

Checkoutthesefiveindemandhealthcarecareers.

Career1MedicalandHealthServicesManager

Ifyouwanttotakeyourleadershipskillsintothegrowinghealthcarefield，considerpursuingacareerasamedicalandhealthservicesmanager.

Asamedicalandhealthservicesmanageryoumightplan，direct，andorganizehealthservicesinanentirehealthcarefacility，oraspecificdepartmentorclinicalarea，saysU．S.DepartmentofLabor.Dailydutiescouldincludehandlingafacility'sfinances，creatingworkschedules，andmakingsurethathealthcareservicesaredeliveredefficiently.

Career2MedicalAssistant

Ifyouareinterestedinworkinginadoctor'soffice，considerpreparingforacareerintheindemandfieldofmedicalassisting.

Asamedicalassistant，youcouldplayaroleinhelpingpatients'visitsgosmoothlyfromwhentheyfirstwalkinthedoor.Yourdutiesmightincludemeasuringvitalsigns，assistingthephysicianwithexaminations，recordinghealthinformation，andschedulingappointments，accordingtotheU．S.DepartmentofLabor.

Career3RegisteredNurse

Readytoputyourhelpfulnaturetouseinthelargesthealthcarefield？

Lookintopreppingtopursueacareerinregisterednursing.

Asaregisterednurse，youcouldworkcloselywithpatientsbyprovidingcare，education，andemotionalsupport.Youmightgivepatientsmedicinesandtreatments，observetheirconditions，orperformdiagnostic（诊断的）tests，saystheU．S.DepartmentofLabor.

Career4PhysicalTherapistAssistant

Wanttoenteranindemandhealthcarefieldwhereyoucouldreallyplayahandsonroleinhelpingpatientsrestoretheirphysicalfunctionality？

Ifso，acareerasaphysicaltherapistassistantcouldbeagoodfit.

Underthesupervisionofaphysicaltherapist，youcouldhelppatientsregainmovementastheyrecoverfrominjuries，illnesses，orsurgery.Yourroleintherehabilitationprocesscouldincludeassistingpatientswithtechniques（massage，stretching）andtherapeuticmethodslikeelectricalstimulationandmechanicaltraction，saystheU．S.DepartmentofLabor.

Career5PharmacyTechnician

Preferahealthcarecareerthatislesshandson？

Considerpursuingacareerinthegrowingpharmacytechnicianfield.

Pharmacytechnicianscanberesponsibleforcountingpills，fillingprescriptions，providingcustomerservice，andfulfillingadministrativetasksunderthesupervisionofalicensedpharmacist，accordingtotheU．S.DepartmentofLabor.

【语篇导读】　本文客观介绍了关于卫生保健中五种职业。

1．Asamedicalassistant，yourdutiesmightNOTinclude________.

A．assistingthephysicianwithexaminations

B．recordinghealthinformation

C．schedulingappointments

D．providingcustomerservice

解析　细节理解题。

根据职业二医务助理我们可以判断出答案。

答案　D

2．Whichofthe