商务英语阅读试题和答案.docx

商务英语阅读试题和答案.docx

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商务英语阅读试题和答案

2018年1月广东省高等教育自学考试商务英语阅读试题

（课程代码05439）

I.TranslatethefollowingwordsorphrasesintoChinese（10%）

1.inflation2.turnover

3.fringebenefit4.bearerbond

5.consignment6.mutualfund

7.brokerage8.certificateoforigin

9.mortgage10.counteroffer

Ⅱ.TranslatethefollowingwordsorphrasesIntoEnglish（10%）

11.经济衰退12.股权证

13.预付款14.期末存货

15.电汇16.赔偿、偿还

17.存款18.配额、限额

19.仲裁20.风险资本

Ⅲ.Choosethebestanswertofillintheblanks（10%）

21.Themostmajorfunctionofmoneyis_________.

A.astoreofvalueB.theunitofaccount

C.themediumofexchangeD.astandardofdeferredpayment

22.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedineconomicloss?

A.Thedestructionofone’shomeinafire.

B.Lossofincomeowingtoillness.

C.Lossofpropertyowingtotheft.

D.Thedestructionofone’spropertyinanaccident.

23.Aninsurancepolicyis_________.

A.agovernmentlawoninsurance

B.awrittencontractbetweentheinsurerandtheinsured

C.apieceofpaperwiththeinsurer’ssignatureonit

D.asetofrulestoregulatetheinsurancemarket

24.WhichofthefollowingcanNOTbeafeatureofabond?

A.Ithasacertaindenomination.B.Ithasaprefixedinterestrate.

C.Itinvolveshighrisk.D.Ithasaprefixedmaturitydate.

25._________isasmallstructurewithoneormoreopensidesthatisusedtovendmerchandise（asnewspapers）orservices.

A.TelephoneboothB.Kiosk

C.NewsstandD.Departmentstore

26.Marketerscancommunicatewithlargenumbersofpotentialcustomersatthesametimeby_________.

A.personalsellingB.directselling

C.masssellingD.sendingleaflets

27.Whatismeantby“consideration”inacontract?

A.Anitemofconsiderablevaluegiventotheotherparty.

B.Anitemofvaluegiventotheotherparty.

C.Moneyinexchangeofgoods.

D.Carefulthinkingbeforesigningacontract.

28.Tobeawisecustomer,wemustevaluate__________andchoosetobuywhatis__________.

A.theprice;thecheapest

B.theproductquality;oftopquality

C.thetotalproductoffer;ofthebestvaluetous

D.theafter-saleservice;providedwiththebestafter-saleservice

29.ThefollowingaretheelementsofmarketingmixEXCEPT__________.

A.priceB.placeC.point-of-saleD.promotion

30.Whatisthemajorfeatureofaglobalmarketingstrategy?

A.uniformityB.flexibilityC.localizationD.diversity

IV.Inthispart,therearesomereadingpassagesfollowedby15questionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefouranswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestoneaccordingtoyourunderstanding（30%）

Passage1

CorporateCulture

Thetermcorporateculturereferstoanorganization’svaluesystem.Managerialphilosophies,workplacepractices,andorganizationalnetworkareincludedintheconceptofcorporateculture.TysonFood’scorporatecultureisreflectedinthefactthateveryone-even

CEODonTysonwearsclothesofayellowishbrowncoloronthejob.

Theleaderswhodevelopedthecompanyandthecorporateculturetypicallyshapethecorporateculture.Onegenerationofemployeespassesonacorporateculturetoneweremployees.Sometimesthisispartofformaltraining.NewmanagerswhoattendMcDonald’sHamburgerUniversitymaylearnskillsinmanagement,buttheyalsopickupthebasicsoftheorganization’scorporateculture.Employeescanabsorbcorporateculturethroughinformalcontactsaswell,bytalkingwithotherworkersandthroughtheirexperiencesonthejob.

Corporateculturehasamajorimpactonthesuccessofanorganization.Inorganizationswithstrongcultures,everyoneknowsandsupportstheorganizations’objectives.Inthosewithweakcultures,noclearsenseofpurposeexists.Infact,theauthorsoftheclassicbookInSearchofExcellenceconcludedthepresenceofastrongcorporateculturewasthesinglecommonthreadamongmanydiversebuthighlysuccessfulcompaniessuchasGeneralElectricandMcDonald’s.

Asyoucanimagine,changingacompany’scorporateculturecanbeverydifficult.Butsomemanagerstrytodojustthatwhentheyfeelthecurrentcultureisweak,orwhentheorganization’sobjectiveschangeandtheoldculturenolongerfits.Sometimesthecompetitivesituationofacompanychanges.Forinstance,electricutilities,whichoncehadtheirprofitsguaranteedbypublicregulation,nowfacemorecompetitionthanever.FirmsthatwerecomfortablecompetingagainstotherAmericancompaniesnowfindthemselvesfightingcompetitorsfromoverseas,too.

ManagementexpertPeterDuckersfeelsthat,ratherthantryingtochangeculture,managersshouldfocusonchangingemployeesandcorporatepractices,asfollows.

——Definewhatresultsareneeded.Specifyinmeasurabletermswhattheorganizationordepartment,oroffice）needstoachieve.

——Determinewheretheseresultsarealreadybeingachievedwithinthecurrentorganization.Analyzethedepartmentsthatarealreadyeffectiveandfindoutwhattheyaredoingdifferentlyfromtherest.

——Determinewhattopmanagementcandotoencouragethesegoodresults.Duckerssuggeststhatexecutivesopenlyaskwhattheycandotohelp,andthendoit.

——Changetherewardsystem-ordevelopanewone-torecognizetheseeffectivepractices.Whenemployeesrealizethattheorganizationreallydoesrewardthenewapproach,theywilladoptitmuchmorequickly.Whetheronewantstochangeanorganizationcultureornot,itisimportanttochoosemanagersandemployeeswhosepersonalstylesfittheorganization’sgoals.

31.Accordingtothepassage,corporateculture_________.

A.meanstheculturalatmosphereinacompany

B.isestablishedbytopleadersandcan’tbechanged

C.involvesthecorevaluesofacompany

D.haslittleinfluenceontheperformanceofacompany

32.InMcDonald’sHamburgerUniversity,newmanagers_________.

A.learnthecompany’scorporatecultureatlength

B.areonlyinterestedinlearningmanagementskills

C.learnallthenecessaryskillsandpracticesofthecompany

D.havechancestoknowaboutthecompany’scorporateculture

33.Ifanorganizationhasastrongcorporateculture,_________.

A.itcanbesureofachievinggreatsuccess

B.itwillbeassuccessfulasGeneralElectricandMcDonald’sp

C.itsstafftendtoworkforacommongoal

D.itmayhaveastronginfluenceonthemarket

34.Onereasonwhysomemanagerstrytochangeacompany’scorporatecultureisthat_________.

A.theexistingcorporatecultureisverystrong

B.theytrytoadaptthecorporateculturetonewsituations

C.thecompanyisfacingalotofcompetition

D.theyarenotsoconservativeastheoldgeneration

35.WhichofthefollowingisNOTadvisedbyPeterDuckers?

A.Evaluatingdifferentperformancesofvariousdepartments.

B.Improvingthecommunicationamongmanagers.

C.Determinewhatistobeachievedbytheorganization.

D.Improvingtherewardsystemsoastoencouragenewpractices.

Passage2

EarlyDevelopmentsinAmericanEconomy

EarlyAmericanindustriesdependedlargelyonskilledartisansworkinginsmallshopstoservealocalmarket.ButtheIndustrialRevolutionthatstartedinEnglandduringthe18thcenturydidnottakelongtocrosstheAtlantic.ItbroughtmanychangestoAmericanindustrybetween1776and1860.BecauselaborwasscarceintheUnitedStatesandwageswerehigh,employerswelcomedanynewmethodthatcouldreducetherequirementforlabor.

Onekeydevelopmentwastheintroductionofthefactorysystem,whichgatheredmanyworkerstogetherinoneworkplaceandproducedgoodsfordistributionoverawidearea.ThefirstfactoryintheUnitedStatesisgenerallydatedto1793,whenanEnglishmannamedSamuelSlatercametoAmericatobuildacottonclothfactory.Hebuiltthemachineryfrommemory,becauseitwasacrimetocarryfactoryplantoutofEngland.ThesuccessofSlater’sfactorystartedaprocessofchangethatturnedthenortheasternregionoftheUnitedStatesintoanimportantmanufacturingcenter.Themakingoftextilesalsomeantincreaseddemandforcotton,growninthesouthernregionfortheUnitedStates.Asaresult,thenationbecameamajorcottonproducer.

Anotherimportantdevelopmentwasthe“Americansystem”ofmassproduction,whichoriginatedinthefirearmsindustryabout1800.Thenewsystemrequiredprecisionengineeringtocreatepartsthatwereinterchangeable.This,inreturn,allowedthefinalproducttobeassembledinstages,eachworkerspecializinginaspecificoperation.

JustasSlater’snewfactorysystemwasbeingintroduced,anAmericannamedEliWhitneymadecottonproductionmoreefficientbyinventingamachine-thecottongin-thatrapidlyremovedtheseedsfromtheboilsofcotton.Removingtheseedsbyhandwasadifficulttask;Whitney’smachinemadethejobalmosteasy.

Whitneyalsobeganmanufacturingriflesinanewway.Gunshadalwaysbeenmadebygunmakersworkingintheirhomesorsmallshops.Becausethegunswerehandmadeindividually,apartfromonegunwouldnotnecessarilyfitanothergun.Whitneybeganmakinggunswithmachinery,sothatallthepartswerethesameineachgun.Thismethodofmanufacturinggoodsinafactory,withinterchangeableparts,helpedtoadvanceAmericanindustry.

In1913,theautomakerHenryFordintroducedthe“movingassembly”line.Thiswasavariationontheearlierpracticeofcontinuousassembly.Byimprovingefficiency,itmadepossibleamajorsavinginlaborcosts.Anewbreedofindustrialmanagersbeganthecarefulstudyoffactoryoperationswiththeaimoffindingthemostefficientwaysoforganizingtasks.Theirconceptsof“scientificmanagement”helpedtolowerthecostsofproductionstillfurther.

Lowercostsmadepossiblebothhigherwagesforworkersandlowerpricesforc