推荐下载四级写作 基础训练 5000字word范文 35页.docx

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四级写作基础训练（5000字）

写作常见类型

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1.论说文

discussion类

Problems+reasons+recommendations

advantagesanddisadvantages

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2.记叙文

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3.应用文（建议信，求职信，投诉信，询问请求信…公告，通知，海报…）高分作文标准

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1.结构完整，文章框架合理清晰，各段详略得当。

（well-organized）

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2.文章内容充实，切题，不偏离主题（unity）

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3.语言表达正确，流畅，句子段落连贯自然（coherent）

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4.措辞句式灵活多变（variety）

Howtoachievevariety?

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1.注意句子类型变化，交替使用简单句，并列句与主从复合句

（1）simplesentence:

containsonlyoneindependentclause

e.g.Honestyanddiligenceshouldbeyoureternalmates.

（2）compoundsentence:

containstwoormoreindependentclauses

Theseindependentclausesjointogetherinanyofthefollowingways.

①…;…

e.g.Onlinelearningisnoteasierthanregularclassroomstudy;itrequiresmuchtime,

commitmentanddisciplinetokeepupwiththeflowofthecourse.

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②…,coordinateconj.…

coordinateconj.:

（and,or,nor,for,so,yet,but）

e.g.OnceinawhileIcriedwithfrustration,andsometimesIevenfeltlikegivingup.?

③…;asentenceconnector,…

asentenceconnector:

（however,whereas,incontrast,moreover,furthermore,inaddition,therefore…..）

e.g.IwaseagertostudyEnglish;however,thesituationwasfarfromperfect.

★avoidcommaslice（串句）

Pollutionhasbecomeaseriousproblem,weshouldtakestepstocontrolit.（wrong）

●Pollutionhasbecomeaseriousproblem;（,and）weshouldtakestepstocontrolit.●Pollutionhasbecomeaseriousproblem；therefore，weshouldtakestepstocontrolit.●Sincepollutionhasbecomeaseriousproblem,weshouldtakestepstocontrolit.

⑶complexsentence；；containoneindependentclauseandoneormoredependentclause.

e.g.

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Ifyoukeepyourmindopentoyourparents,you’llfinditeasiertobridgethegeneration

gap.

Avoidfragmentarysentence

Weshouldsaynowithouthesitationonsomeoccasions.Forexample,whentherequirementsareillegaloroutofyourreach.（wrong）

改变相应标点：

Weshouldsaynowithouthesitationonsomeoccasions—whentherequirementsareillegal

oroutofyourreach.

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Insparetime,studentshaveaccesstocolorfulactivities.Togoinforsports,toreadinthe

libraryandjoinsomeclubs.（wrong）

加进必要成分变成完整从句：

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IlookuponEnglishlearningasadifficultbutrewardingexperience.AexperiencethatI

willnevertradeforanything.（wrong）

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IlookuponEnglishlearningasadifficultbutrewardingexperience，whichIwillnever

tradeforanything.

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不同句子类型间的变换

e.g.主从复合句转化为带有非谓语的简单句：

Thelawcanpunishthosewhoproduceorsellfakecommodities.

Thelawcanpunishthoseproducingorsellfakecommodities.

Theadvancedtechnologyandcompetitivesocietycallonuscollegestudentstokeepupwiththelatestdevelopmentinsciencesothatwewillnotbeeliminated.

Theadvancedtechnologyandcompetitivesocietycallonuscollegestudentstokeepupwiththelatestdevelopmentinsciencesoasnottobeeliminated.

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主从复合句与并列句的转换

Iwasjustgoingtoexplainwhenthebellrang.

Iwasjustgoingtoexplain,andthenthebellrang.

Ifyougooutofyourownculture,youcanwatchtheworldandyourselfformdifferentangles.Gooutofyourownculture,andyoucanwatchtheworldandyourselfformdifferentangles.

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简单句与并列句的转换

Therequirementisveryhigh,soIcannotreachit.

Therequirementistoohighformetoreach.

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2.长短句错落有致，搭配合理

e.g.

Abasicreasonfordivorceisthatsomepeoplearenotreallyreadyformarriage,perhapsbecausetheyarestillestablishingthemselvesintheircareersandhaven’thadenoughtimetogettoknowthemselvesandmanymembersoftheoppositesex,butfamilypressuresmakethemfeelthatsomethingiswrongwiththemastheyarenotmarried,andsotheymarryinhastewithoutknowingeachotherwell.

句子长而复杂，没有适当断句，缺乏层次感，语义模糊

Abasicreasonfordivorceisthatsomepeoplearenotreallyreadyformarriage.Astheyarestillestablishingthemselvesintheircareersandhaven’thadenoughtimetogettoknowthemselvesandmanymembersoftheoppositesex.However,familypressuresmakethemfeelthatsomethingiswrongwiththemastheyarenotmarried.Sotheymarryinhastewithoutknowingeachotherwell.

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Teenagersarepressuredbyschoolwork.Theyarealsoencouragedbytheirs.Undersuch

circumstance,theyresorttosmoking.Butsometimestheyfeelalittleguilty.

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Pressuredbyschoolworkandencouragedbytheirpeers,teenagersoftenresortto

smoking,thoughtheyfeelalittleguiltysometimes.

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Liesdoharmtothosewhosearebeingtoldlies.Liesalsodoharmtothosewhotellthem.

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Liesnotonlydoharmtothosewhosearebeingtoldlies,butalsodoharmtothosewho

tellthem.

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Hisfather,whoisasalesman,becameamillionaireovernight.

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Hisfather,asalesman,becameamillionaireovernight.

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3.注意句子成分顺序排列的多样性，避免过多使用主语—动词谓语—宾语—其他成

分。

圆周句与松散句相结合。

Periodicsentence:

modifyelement