1992年英语真题+标准答案TONY校对版.docx

1992年英语真题+标准答案TONY校对版.docx

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1992年英语真题+标准答案TONY校对版

1993年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionⅠUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

ThekeytotheindustrializationofspaceistheU.S.spaceshuttle.46it,astronautswillacquireaworkhousevehicle47offlyingintospaceandreturningmanytimes.48byreusablerocketsthatcanliftaloadof65,000pounds,theshuttlewillcarrydevicesforscientificinquiry,as49asavarietyofmilitaryhardware.50moresignificantly,itwill51materialsandmachinesintospaceforindustrialpurposes52twodecadesagowhen“sputnik”（artificialsatellite）was53tothevocabulary.Inshort,the54importanceoftheshuttleliesinits55asaneconomictool.

Whatmakesthespaceshuttle56isthatittakesofflikearocketbutlandslikeanairplane.57,whenithasaccomplishedits58,itcanbereadyfor59tripinabouttwoweeks.

Thespaceshuttle,theworld’sfirsttruespaceship,isamagnificentstep60makingtheimpossiblepossibleforthebenefitandsurvivalofman.

46.[A]In[B]On[C]By（D）[D]With

47.[A]capable[B]suitable[C]efficient（A）[D]fit

48.[A]Served[B]Powered[C]Forced（B）[D]Reinforced

49.[A]far[B]well[C]much（B）[D]long.

50.[A]Then[B]Or[C]But（C）[D]So

51.[A]supply[B]introduce[C]deliver（C）[D]transfer

52.[A]unimagined[B]unsettled[C]uncovered（A）[D]unsolved

53.[A]attributed[B]contributed[C]applied（D）[D]added

54.[A]general[B]essential[C]prevailing（D）[D]ultimate

55.[A]promise[B]prosperity[C]popularity（A）[D]priority

56.[A]exceptional[B]strange[C]unique（C）[D]rare

57.[A]Thus[B]Whereas[C]Nevertheless（A）[D]Yet

58.[A]venture[B]mission[C]commission（B）[D]responsibility

59.[A]new[B]another[C]certain（B）[D]subsequent

60.[A]for[B]by[C]in（C）[D]through

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C],or[D]MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenbecomemonstersbehindthewheel.Itisverywell,again,tohaveatigerinthetank,buttohaveoneinthedriver’sseatisanothermatteraltogether.Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog,therudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.Perhapsthesituationcallsfora“BeKindtoOtherDrivers”campaign,otherwiseitmaygetcompletelyoutofhand.

Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgementinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofpolitenessarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.

However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Typicalexamplesarethedriverwhobrakesviolentlytoallowacartoemergefromasidestreetatsomehazardtofollowingtraffic,whenafewsecondslatertheroadwouldbeclearanyway;orthemanwhowavesachildacrossazebracrossingintothepathofoncomingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheycareto.Italwaysamazesmethatthehighwaysarenotcoveredwiththedeadbodiesofthesegrannies.

Aveterandriver,whosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifmotoristslearnttofiltercorrectlyintotrafficstreamsoneatatimewithoutcausingthetotalblockagesthatgiverisetobadtemper.Unfortunately,modernmotoristscan’tevenlearntodrive,letalonemasterthesubtleraspectsofboatmanship.Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.

31.Accordingtothispassage,troublesontheroadareprimarilycausedby________.

[A]people’sattitudetowardstheroad-hog

[B]therhythmofmodernlife

[C]thebehaviorofthedriver（C）

[D]trafficconditions

32.Thesentence“Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog...therule.”（Para.1）impliesthat________.

[A]oursocietyisunjusttowardswell-manneredmotorists

[B]rudedriverscanbemetonlyoccasionally

[C]thewell-manneredmotoristcannottoleratetheroad-hog（D）

[D]nowadaysimpolitedriversconstitutethemajorityofmotorists

33.By“goodsense,”thewritermeans________.

[A]thedriver’sabilitytounderstandandreactreasonably

[B]thedriver’spromptresponsetodifficultandsevereconditions

[C]thedriver’stoleranceofrudeorevensavagebehavior（A）

[D]thedriver’sacknowledgementofpolitenessandregulations

34.Expertshavelongpointedoutthatinthefaceofcar-ownershipexplosion,________.

[A]roadusersshouldmakemoresacrifice

[B]driversshouldbereadytoyieldtoeachother

[C]driversshouldhavemorecommunicationamongthemselves（B）

[D]driverswillsuffergreatlossiftheypaynorespecttoothers

35.Inthewriter’sopinion,________.

[A]stricttrafficregulationsarebadlyneeded

[B]driversshouldapplyroadpolitenessproperly

[C]rudedriversshouldbepunished（B）

[D]driversshouldavoidtrafficjams

Text2

Intheatmosphere,carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-waymirror--theglassintheroofofagreenhousewhichallowsthesun’sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.

Accordingtoaweatherexpert’sprediction,theatmospherewillbe3℃warmerintheyear2050thanitistoday,ifmancontinuestoburnfuelsatthepresentrate.Ifthiswarminguptookplace,theicecapsinthepoleswouldbegintomelt,thusraisingsealevelseveralmetresandseverelyfloodingcoastalcities.Also,theincreaseinatmospherictemperaturewouldleadtogreatchangesintheclimateofthenorthernhemisphere,possiblyresultinginanalterationofearth’schieffood-growingzones.

Inthepast,concernaboutaman-madewarmingoftheearthhasconcentratedontheArcticbecausetheAntarcticismuchcolderandhasamuchthickericesheet.ButtheweatherexpertsarenowpayingmoreattentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming:

inotherwords,byawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenextfiftyyearsfromtheburningoffuels.

SatellitepicturesshowthatlargeareasofAntarcticicearealreadydisappearing.Theevidenceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastakenplace.Thisfitsthetheorythatcarbondioxidewarmstheearth.

However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.Scientistsconclude,therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhaveexceededthosecausedbyman.Thequestionis:

Whichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheweather?

Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun.Astronomersatoneresearchstationhavestudiedthehotspotsand“cold”spots（thatis,therelativelylesshotspots）onthesun.Asthesunrotates,every27.5days,itpresentshotteror“colder”facestotheearth,anddifferentaspectstodifferentpartsoftheearth.Thisseemstohaveaconsiderableeffectonthedistributionoftheearth’satmosphericpressure,andconsequentlyonwindcirculation.Thesunisalsovariableoveralongterm:

itsheatoutputgoesupanddownincycles,thelatesttrendbeingdownward.

Scientistsarenowfindingmutualrelationsbetweenmodelsofsolar-weatherinteractionsandtheactualclimateovermanythousandsofyears,includingthelastIceAge.TheproblemisthatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertia（惯性）oftheearth’sclimate.Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulcounter-balancetothesun’sdiminishingheat.

36.Itcanbeconcludedthataconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheatmospherewould________.

[A]preventthesun’sraysfromreachingtheearth’ssurface

[B]meanawarmingupintheArctic

[C]accountforgreatchangesintheclimateinthenorthernhemisphere（D）

[D]raisethetemperatureoftheearth’ssurface

37.Thearticlewaswrittentoexplain________.

[A]thegreenhouseeffect

[B]thesolareffectsontheearth

[C]themodelsofsolar-weatherinteractions（D）

[D]thecausesaffectingweather

38.Althoughthefuelconsumptionisgreaterinthenorthernhemisphere,temperaturesthereseemtobefalling.Thisis________.

[A]mainlybecausethelevelsofcarbondioxidearerising

[B]possiblebecausetheicecapsinthepolesaremelting

[C]exclusivelyduetotheeffectoftheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate（D）

[D]partlyduetovariationsintheoutputofsolarenergy

39.Onthebasisoftheirmodels,scientistsareoftheopinionthat________.

[A]theclimateoftheworldshouldbebecomingcooler

[B]itwilltakethousandsofyearsfortheinertiaoftheearth’sclimatetotakeeffect

[C]theman-madewarmingeffecthelpstoincreasethesolareffects（A）

[D]thenewIceAgewillbedela